Aisingiorro Hongli (17 1 1 September 25th-1February 7th, 799), emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was born in Huangzheng Banner, Manchuria. The sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fourth emperor after the capital of Beijing was established. The year number "Qianlong" means "Heaven prospers". After 60 years in office, he continued political training after meditation and actually exercised supreme power for 63 years and 4 months. He is the longest-lived emperor who actually mastered the supreme power of the state in the history of China. Emperor Qianlong was a famous emperor in the late feudal society of China. During his reign, his national strength reached the highest level since the heyday of Kanggan. On the basis of Kang Yong's martial arts, he further completed the unification of multi-ethnic countries and further developed social economy and culture. Paying attention to social stability and caring for the people affected by the disaster, during his reign, he exempted the world from money and grain for five times and eight provinces for three times, which reduced the burden on farmers and attached importance to water conservancy construction, which played a role in protecting agricultural production and enriching the treasury of the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, his martial arts was at its peak, and he made achievements in pacifying the frontier rebellion, safeguarding national unity and expanding the territory, perfecting the rule of the * * * region, unifying Xinjiang, and formally incorporating Xinjiang into Chinese territory, thus expanding the territory of the Qing Dynasty to the maximum extent. During the Qianlong period, Chinese studies developed greatly and folk art developed greatly. For example, Peking Opera began to take shape during the Qianlong period. In the late Qianlong period, the extravagant style and bureaucratic corruption were pursued, and peasant uprisings broke out in many places, which closed the country to the highest level and widened the gap between China and the West. China is on the eve of modern times. Sixty years after Qianlong (1795), Qianlong Emperor Zen was located in the fifteenth son. On February 7th, the 4th year of Jiaqing (1799), he died in hall of mental cultivation of the Forbidden City at the age of 89. His temple name was Emperor, and posthumous title Fatilong was transported to thousands of sports institutes, where Wu's filial piety was sacred and pure, and he was buried in Yuling of the Qing Dongling.
Real name: Aisingiorro Hongli
Posthumous title: Yuan Shou (baby name), Shi Quan old man (self-proclaimed), Manjusri Emperor (honorific title), Tengger Gugeqi Khan (Mongolian Khan).
Time: Qing Dynasty
Nationality: Manchu
Birthplace: Qin Yongdong Academy (now Yonghe Palace), Wang Fu, Beijing.
Date of birth: 17 1 1 September 25th (the 13th day of the eighth lunar month).
Time of death:1February 7, 799 (the third day of the first lunar month)
Main works: Complete Works of Leshantang, Royal Poems, etc.
Main achievements: the Qing Dynasty reached its peak, created perfect martial arts and served foreign guests at home and abroad; He has high attainments in calligraphy and poetry.
Knight status: Prince He Shuobao (before 1736)
Posthumous title: The Pure Emperor.
Temple number: Gaozong
Place of death: hall of mental cultivation, Forbidden City.
Mausoleum: Jade Mausoleum
Time in office: A.D. 1736 (60 years in office)
Year: Gan Long
In the fiftieth year of Kangxi (17 1 1), Li Hong was born at midnight on August 13 (September 25th of Gregorian calendar) in the Ruyi Room of Wang Mi Dong Academy in Yongqing, Beijing. My biological mother, Princess Xi, is Yong Zhengdi's concubine, Fang Gege (said to be a maid). At this time, Li Hong's second brother Hongyun died young when he was two years old, and he never did it again. Hong Hui, the eldest brother, and Hong Yun, the third brother, passed away one after another. Only Hongshi was older than Li Hong, so Li Hong ranked fourth among Yin Zhen philosophers, and was actually the second son. Li Hong was very clever since he was a child and went to school at the age of five. In the 60th year of Kangxi (172 1), it is said that Emperor Kangxi first met his grandson Li Hong in Qin Yong Wang Mi. At that time, Li Hong was ten years old, and his grandfather Kangxi was so surprised and loved that he taught at the Childcare Palace and visited Jehol Summer Resort with his grandfather. Introduction to Li Hong In the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), Emperor Kangxi died and Yin Zhen acceded to the throne. Because Hongshi was more indulgent at that time, he was inconsiderate and fell out of love with his father. In the last years of Kangxi, Li Hong was favored by Emperor Kangxi, which made his father in a favorable position in the battle for storage. Therefore, at the beginning of Yong Zhengdi's reign, Li Hong, who was only thirteen years old, was regarded as Chu Jun in his mind.
In August of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Yongzheng personally wrote a letter and made Li Hong his successor.
mitigate the contradiction
After emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he first eased the political tension caused by Yongzheng period. In the early years of Qianlong, in order to ease the tense political atmosphere, adjust contradictions and improve relations in all aspects, Yongzheng's policy also changed and adjusted greatly.
In the early years of Qianlong, Li Hong did not deny that he was "generous and slow", but he also said not to be generous but to be strict. Sometimes, he publicly said that "politics is still lenient", and leniency is better than strictness. He gave full play to this idea in the lecture at the banquet, saying: "Tolerance, faithfulness, sensitivity and fairness are the basis for the sage to rule the world, and tolerance should be the first." "If the holy king came out to rule, why should he give up leniency as the foundation of governing the country and the people?"
In the poems of Emperor Qianlong in his later years, it was also said that "political reality should combine leniency with severity", but on most occasions, the two were always mentioned together, and they were regarded as "combining leniency with severity, combining leniency with severity, and political harmony", which was the only way for Qianlong to rule.
Attach importance to official management
Li Hong introduced officials who were dismissed for taking bribes during Yongzheng period, dismissed corruption cases, and relaxed the performance evaluation of officials. As a result, bureaucracy broke down and greed revived. After Li Hong became aware of it, he began to seriously deal with corruption cases in the third year of Qianlong (1738), and immediately executed the corrupt criminals who were serious in nature and verified. After six years of Qianlong (174 1), he was executed.
Positive evaluation
Li Hong is the longest reigning king in the world. Some people say that the creator of the ruling record should be attributed to Louis XIV, the French "sun king", but his actual ruling time is only 50 years. Emperor Qianlong held autocratic imperial power for 64 years and never shared it with others. Emperor Qianlong is one of the luckiest kings in the world. First, he was in good health all his life, and he didn't encounter any great disasters. Secondly, he succeeded to the throne at the age of 25, and the process of obtaining the highest power was very smooth without any twists and turns. Third, he ascended the throne at a just historical node. Before that, the rule of Shunzhi, Kangxi and Yongzheng for 9 1 year (1644 to 1735) had laid a good foundation for Li Hong.
Emperor Qianlong was also a loving and devoted husband. He and his wife, the filial piety queen, love each other deeply, which can be described as Mei Qi. They are extremely affectionate. After the death of the Queen, Li Hong was heartbroken and unforgettable, and wrote hundreds of mourning poems. His words are sincere and touching.
Li Hong is also the most prolific poet in the world. He wrote 465,438+0,863 poems in his life (there are also more than 39,000 or more than 100,000 poems, but many of them are unbelievable). There are more than 2,200 authors of all Tang poems, and only 48,000 poems are written by one * *. But it's a pity that although Qianlong reads widely, he enjoys it.
Father: Yong Zhengdi, year number Yongzheng.
My first mother: Filial Empress (1679—173 1, 10,1October 29), Ulanala.
Mother: Niu Lulu, the filial piety sage queen, died in the 42nd year of Qianlong (1March 2, 777) and was buried in Dongling, Thailand. Sacrifice filial piety to announce Kang Huidun, Cheng Huiren, Mu, and Sheng Xian Empress.
Empress (3 places)
Empress Xiao Xianchun: (1712-1748), Focha. Li Hongyuan matches the queen. Manchu inlaid with yellow flag, daughter of Li Rongbao, general manager of Chahar.
Empress: (1718-1766), Huifa Nala, first there was a virtuous princess whose name was unknown.
Xiaoyi Chun: (1727—1775), Wei Jiashi, the biological mother of Emperor Jiaqing.
Imperial concubine (5)
Empress Gao Jia of Huizong, Empress Fu Cha of Imperial Noble Consort Zhemin, Empress Jin Jia of Shu, Empress Su Shi of Chunhui and Empress Lu of Qing Dynasty.
Imperial concubine (5 persons)
Xin Guifei, Dai Jiashi, Yu Guifei, Ke Liyete, Xun Guifei, Irgenjue Roche, Ying Guifei Bahrain, Chen.
Princess (6)
Yelash, Borghitish, Wang Shi, Chen Shi, Jin Fu Fei Chashi, Rong Fei and Zhuoshi.
Gold (6 digits)
Huang, Bai, Huo Shuote,
Yuling, located in Shengshuiyu, west of Xiaoling, was founded in the eighth year of Qianlong (1743) and ended in the seventeenth year of Qianlong, with a silver consumption of17 million taels. Yuling Tang Ming is open, with magnificent architecture, exquisite craftsmanship, exquisite materials and extraordinary momentum.
1928, nearly 130 years after Li Hong's death, the warlord Sun Dianying took a fancy to the precious treasures of the Empress Dowager Cixi and led his men to rob the tombs of the Empress Dowager Cixi and the Empress Dowager Cixi in the name of exercising. In order to get the jewels in the coffin, the soldiers split Li Hongzhi's coffin and looted it. After Li Hong, the body was scattered on the ground, and the situation was extremely tragic. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, sent someone to clean it up, but only a part of the remains were recovered, and the main body was barely rebuilt. The queen's remains were buried in the coffin and reburied.
According to legend, Emperor Qianlong was not the real son of Yongzheng, but the son of Chen Shiguan, an old Chen Ge in Haining. On the day when Prince Yong (Yongzheng) Fujin gave birth to a child, it happened that the old lady in Chen Ge also gave birth to a child, but the former was a girl and the latter was a boy. At this time, when Yongzheng heard about it, he ordered his family to invite Chen Ge, and stressed that he must take the children with him. Then, on the pretext that Fujin wanted to look after the children, he took the children into the back room and replaced the girl with Chen's. Chen Jia later discovered that it was wrong, but he was afraid to tell anyone. Later, because the wet nurse was very talkative, Li Hong knew his life experience. When he only made six trips to Jiangnan, he secretly went to Haining to visit relatives.
Logically speaking, Li Hong is not the eldest son of Yongzheng. In other words, Yongzheng was not worried that no one would inherit his throne. Moreover, the battle for the throne of "Nine sons taking office" has entered a white-hot stage. How dare Yongzheng exchange children with others and leave ammunition for his political opponents? Descent has always been valued by Confucian ethics. In feudal society, ordinary subjects could not be exchanged for sons in order to honor the royal family, thus confusing the royal lineage. Therefore, the mystery of Li Hong's life experience can be said to be completely false.
Some scholars believe that the reason why Yongzheng succeeded to the throne was largely because of Li Hong, and it was Kangxi who valued Li Hong that made Yong Zhengdi. Emperor Kangxi has 97 emperors and grandchildren who can be raised and taught in the palace.