Du Mu? Tang dynasty
Down and out, rivers and lakes carry restaurants, and Chu has a thin waist and a light palm. (A Jianghu work: Jiangnan; Slim work: heartbreak)
Yangzhou's ten years, like a dream, wake up, but in the brothel women this is a fickle reputation.
translate
I thought, in those days, I was immersed in rivers and lakes, dancing in my hands with a slim waist, and graceful.
Ten years of debauchery in Yangzhou is like a dream. In the end, it only ended up with a reputation of "fickle love" in a brothel and Chu pavilion.
To annotate ...
Down and out: Being down and out for an official, without arrogance or rashness, wandering in the Jianghu. Make pioneering efforts. Chu waist: refers to a beautiful woman with a thin waist. Han Feizi's handle: "King Chu Ling has a thin waist, but there are many hungry people in the country."
Light in the palm of your hand: Zhao, the queen of Emperor Han Cheng, is "light and able to dance in the palm of your hand" (the legend of Feiyan).
Ten years: three years at a time.
Brothel: In the past, it referred to exquisite and gorgeous buildings, and also referred to brothels.
Unfortunately: fickle.
Distinguish and appreciate
The first two sentences of the poem are memories of Yangzhou life in the past: down and out, with wine as a companion; Qin Lou Chu, a beautiful girl, leads a romantic and dissolute life. "Chu people have a thin waist and a light palm", using two allusions. Chu waist refers to the thin waist of a beautiful woman. "King Chu Ling's waist is thin, and there are many hungry people in the country" (Han Feizi's handle). The palm refers to Zhao Yanfei, the queen of Emperor Han Chengdi, who is "light and can dance on the palm" (see the legend of Feiyan). Literally, these two allusions praise the beauty of prostitutes in Yangzhou. However, if we carefully consider the word "down and out", we can see that the poet is very dissatisfied with his situation of being a servant and relying on others, so he does not have a pleasant feeling when recalling his dissolute life.
"A dream of Yangzhou in ten years" is a heartfelt sigh of the poet. Seemingly abrupt, it is actually consistent with the above two poems. "Ten years" and "one sleep" are relative in one sentence, giving people a strong contrast between "a long time" and "extremely fast", which shows the poet's deep affection. And this feeling comes down to the word "dream" of "Yangzhou Dream": In the past, I was debauched and bohemian; The prosperity on the surface and the depression in the bones are painful memories and sadness after awakening. This is what the poet gave. Ten years later, Yangzhou was just a big dream.
"Brothel with a fickle place of interest"-finally, even the brothel that I once secretly loved blamed myself for being fickle and ungrateful. The word "win" contains bitterness, self-mockery and self-blame. This is a further negation of Yangzhou Dream, but it seems so relaxed and humorous. In fact, the poet's spirit is very depressed. Ten years is not short in a man's life, but he has accomplished nothing and left nothing behind. This is a poem that reveals pain. If you don't recite it repeatedly, you can't understand the feelings that the poet intends to imply.
The predecessors' evaluation of quatrains is: "Three sentences are the main sentences and four sentences are thoughts" (Hu Zhenheng's Tang Yin Gui Qian), and Du Mu's quatrains can be said to be profound. This quatrain begins with reminiscence, the first two sentences are narrative, and the last two sentences are lyrical. Of course, three or four sentences are the original intention of "mourning", but the first sentence "being down and out with wine" is the reason for mourning and cannot be easily let go. In the past, the comments on this poem were completely focused on the author's "waking up in a busy dream and lingering in repentance", which was not comprehensive. The poet's "Yangzhou Dream" life is related to his political frustration. So this poem, in addition to confessing the accident, is full of dreams and unbearable memories.
background
This is a poet's work that repents and hurts talents. The first two sentences reproduce the poet's life situation of wasting time and indulging in debauchery; The last two sentences express feelings, showing remorse, remorse and the desire to cheer up. On the surface, the whole poem expresses his memories and feelings about the life of Yangzhou aides in the past, but in fact it gives vent to his grievances against reality and dissatisfaction with his situation. This poem is widely circulated, especially appreciated by later literati. "
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (AD 803-852), born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".