No vulgar rhyme (1), sex autumn mountain. Fall into the dust net by mistake, for thirty years.
Birds love the old forest, but the fish in the pool lose their source. Open up wasteland in the south and return to the garden.
There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine thatched houses. ⑧ The back eaves of Yin and the front eaves of Luotang.
The village is warm and far away, and there is smoke in the yiyi market. In the deep alley where dogs bark, chickens call mulberry trees to jump.
The house is clean and messy, and the virtual room is full of leisure. If you stay in the cage for a long time, you will return to nature.
To annotate ...
(1) adapt to the secular: adapt to the secular. Rhyme: artistic conception and demeanor.
(2) Dust net: refers to the secular world. The life of the government is dirty and restrained, just like a net. This refers to official career.
③ Thirty years: Wu regarded it as "thirteen years". From the 18th year of Yuan Dynasty (393) when Tao Yuanming entered Jiangzhou, to the first year (405) when Peng returned to Tian, it happened to be thirteen years.
4 caged birds: birds in cages. Pond fish: fish in the pond. Birds miss the old forest and fish miss their hometown, which means they miss their hometown.
⑤ Ye Nan: A book is Nanmu. International: between.
⑥ Clumsiness: integrity. There are two words in Pan Yue's Preface to Idle Residence: "clever official" and "clumsy official". Smart officials are good at making profits, and clumsy officials are upright and upright people. Clumsiness means integrity.
7 Fang: pronounced "Fang". There are more than ten acres of land around the house.
8 yin: yin.
Pet-name list.
Attending warmth: dull appearance.
⑾ Yiyi: A gentle look. Market: village.
⑿ These two sentences are both translated into the meaning of "the cock crow is high in the tree, and the dog barks deep in the palace" in the article "Chicken crow" by Han Yuefu.
[13] family: family. Trivia in the world.
14. Virtual room: a quiet room. Leisure: leisure.
⒂ Fan: Fence. Fan Long: Birds store tools, which is a metaphor for official career. Return to nature: refers to return to farming and gardening. These two sentences mean that I am like a caged bird, returning to nature and free.
translate
I have never appealed to the secular temperament since I was a child, and my personality is like Shan Ye. It will be 30 years to be wrongly trapped in the world's net. Birds in cages are attached to the Woods where they lived, and fish in ponds miss the deep pools where they lived. Go to vilen in the south to open up wasteland, and go home to farm and go to the countryside according to your foolish idea. There are more than ten acres of land around the house, and there are eight or nine thatched houses.
Elms and willows cover the back eaves, and peach trees and plum trees stand in front of the hall. In the distance, the residential villages are faintly visible, and the smoke on the trees flutters gently with the wind. Dogs bark in deep alleys, and mulberry trees crow. There are no worldly chores in the door, and there is plenty of free time in the empty room. Trapped in a cage for a long time, now I can finally return to nature.
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In 405 AD (the first year of Emperor Yi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Tao Yuanming worked as a county magistrate in Pengze, Jiangxi Province, but after more than 80 days, he claimed that he was unwilling to "bow down for the children in the village" and hang it home. From then on, it's over.
I can't live, I will die in the countryside. After I came back, I wrote a group of five poems, * * *, which described the beauty of rural scenery and the simplicity and loveliness of rural life and expressed my happy mood after retirement. This is the first song.
Tao poetry is usually plain, and there is no organized carving work. But Su Dongpo said: "His poems are solid and poor." (The Book of Su Zhe) added: "Poetry in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty is strange at first sight.
Sentence. "(Quoted from Poems on Cold Zhai) Dongpo prefers Tao Gong to be a man, and especially praises his poems, thinking that no one can do it since ancient times, reciting them repeatedly, learning them by heart, singing them one by one, and writing He Jitao, the experience is deeper than ordinary people. we
Take this song for example, mainly talking about its deep flavor in simplicity and exquisiteness in relaxation, and other issues will not be discussed much.
The first four sentences, first talk about the conflict between personality and past life trajectory. Rhyme and sex refer to people's character and spiritual temperament. What is the so-called "custom rhyme"? It is nothing more than catering to the secular, coping with social intercourse and getting opportunities.
Modality, that skill, is something the poet has never learned. As a sincere and frank person, his nature seems to be intrinsically related to the simple countryside and quiet nature, so he loves Akiyama.
The first two sentences reveal the author's lofty and aloof personality, which sets the tone for the whole poem and is also a foreshadowing. It is the fundamental reason why the poet finally resigned after entering the officialdom. However, life is often a necessity. work
As the official's children, entering the official career is the usual choice; As an intellectual who is familiar with Confucian classics, if he wants to succeed in society, he must also enter the power organization of society; It's to support the family, Wei.
Holding a more comfortable daily life also requires being an official. Therefore, we have to go against our own "rhyme" and "sex" and rush about in the officialdom. Looking back, it was misguided and strayed into the dirty and boring secular net that bound human nature.
"Walking for thirty years" is a mistake of "thirteen years". It happened to be thirteen years since Tao Yuanming began to be an official and finally retired. This sentence seems prosaic, but it is meaningful. Poets are idyllic.
Sigh to an old friend with deep friendship: "Oh, this is thirteen years!" "How much emotion, how much attachment! But writing is still hidden.
The following four sentences are the transition of two kinds of life. Although it is "mistaken into the dust net", it is still emotional. "Birds love the old forest, and fish in the pool are homesick." The two sentences mainly describe the mood of being an official, which is relayed from above and has a smooth tone.
Smooth, no obstacles. Because of the use of two similar metaphors and antithesis sentences, the mood of being tired of the old life and longing for a new life is strengthened; Then from here to the following: "Open up wasteland in the south, leave fools to return to the garden", which seems self-sufficient.
However, it fits, without trace. Defending Stupidity responds to "Tiny is not suitable for vulgar rhyme"-because you don't know how to be black, it's better to keep your stupidity and don't have to wander around the world reluctantly; "Returning to the Garden" Responds to "Born to Love Autumn Mountain"
If you have this nature, follow it, let this life stretch naturally and get what you want. The conflict written at the beginning is solved here.
Get rid of the conflict, the heart is happy and the mood is open. In the following eight sentences, sing the scenery around your home with Xinxin's pen. Everything described here is ordinary. You see: land, straw house; Elm, willow and peach trees
Li; Village, smoke curled up; Dogs crow and chickens crow. But it is these ordinary things that, in the poet's pen, constitute a very quiet and beautiful, fresh and gratifying picture. In this painting, the rural scenery is characterized by lightness and beauty.
The unpretentious beauty of nature is presented to us, which makes people feel carefree and fascinated. Isn't this a bit like heaven? "The land is flat and spacious, so is the house, and there are mulberry fields. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. that
Planting in China, men and women dressed as strangers; I have yellow hair and I am happy. "('Peach Blossom Garden') In fact, whether it is an imaginary paradise or a real paradise, it is an ideal of Tao Yuanming: harmony.
A rational society should be a society without competition, hypocrisy and external etiquette constraints, and everyone is cultivating themselves. This kind of society is of course impossible to realize; The countryside written by Tao Yuanming also intentionally ignores the hardships and cruelty of life.
On the other side. But as the structure of poetry, it gives people beautiful comfort. -literature often plays such a role.
At first glance, this paragraph only feels natural and plain, but it is actually quite ingenious. "Square (with" edge ") houses are more than ten acres, and there are eight or nine huts", which is a stick figure showing the simplicity of the owner's life. But although there is no
Carved beams and painted buildings are resplendent, but the elm trees and willows are shaded behind the house, and the peach blossoms and plum blossoms compete in front of the hall, which is plain and gorgeous and becomes interesting. The first four sentences form close-ups. But what Tao Yuanming wants to describe is the peaceful and peaceful artistic conception.
This close-up is not enough. So he moved the pen to the distant scene: "warm and distant people's village, the smoke from the kitchen in yiyi market." Warm, it is fuzzy, and the villages are far apart, so it is fuzzy, just like a painter in China paints a vision.
Sometimes, it is often the same as a few ink strokes. Yiyi described the slowly rising smoke. The scenery described in these two sentences gives people a sense of calm and serenity, as if the world is not disturbed by any force. from
Four close-range sentences become two long-range sentences, just like the focal plane slowly pulls away, melting a cottage full of peasant flavor into a far-reaching background. The picture is very light, but the taste is very strong, which makes people open-minded and relaxed.
Yi. After reading this, you may feel that something is missing. Yes, this scene is too quiet, it seems a little less angry. But the poet has not forgotten this. Please listen to "dogs bark in deep alleys, chickens crow and mulberry trees jump"
Son, isn't this beautiful pastoral painting alive? These two sentences are paraphrased from the phrase "cock crow" in Han Yuefu, "cock crow high on the tree and dogs bark in the palace". But the poet never shows off his knowledge, but he can get it at hand. He is not
Instead of writing about insects singing and birds singing, write about a very common crow and dog barking, because crow and dog barking are the most distinctive rural environment and the most harmonious and unified with the whole picture. Faint, also infiltrated the so-called "Lao zi"?
The ideal social concept of "a small country with few people" and "the voices of chickens and dogs are heard, and the people are in trouble"? It's hard to say. Judging from the poetic context itself, these two strokes are indispensable. It properly shows rural life and silk.
It won't destroy the quiet mood, and it won't make you feel noisy and irritable. Comparing this with Wang Ji's famous sentence "The cicada makes Lin Jing, and the palace hill is quieter", the well-known brushwork of "moving to write quietness" is too strong.
It's too difficult to adjust.
From the scene, there are two sentences like this: "Households are clean and miscellaneous, and the virtual room is more idle." Dusty refers to mundane chores, and virtual rooms are quiet rooms. As an official, there are always many stupid things that you don't want to do, and there are many boring social parties.
Right? Now I have got rid of all of them and lived a leisurely life in a quiet place. However, the most pleasant thing is not to do nothing here, but to live according to your own wishes from now on. The whole poem ends with two sentences like this:
"I've been in a cage for a long time, and I'm back to nature." Nature not only refers to the natural environment, but also refers to a natural and undistorted life. These two sentences once again echo the beginning "not vulgar at all, naturally love autumn mountain", but it is also a point.
The title pen reveals the theme of "returning to the garden" But this kind of echo and direction does not feel reluctant at all. The whole poem, from the strong boredom of official life, writes a beautiful pastoral scenery, the joy and relief of a new life.
The mood is naturally revealed. This ending is both exquisite and logical.
The self-criticism of Tao's poems emphasizes its natural and simple style, to the point that "Tao Yuanming always spends all his money and borrows his calligraphy, but he didn't know it was a language at first", and "Yuan Ming said that he would not bother to commit suicide". In fact,
Poetry will always be poetry, and "natural" art is still art, even an art that is hard to get. Really pour freely, never carve, maybe it can be called "nature", but it is by no means "natural" art. Judging from this poem, I am planning.
The layout of the article, the step-by-step promotion and even the depiction of every detail are not hasty, but the crystallization of careful conception, careful choice of words and repeated tempering. It's just that there is a real emotion that runs through the whole poem and presents as a whole.
A complete artistic conception, the language of poetry is entirely for the purpose of presenting this artistic conception, and does not seek superficial beauty, so poetry appears natural. In short, this is the nature achieved through artistic pursuit and artistic efforts.
Source: Ancient Poetry Network
I hope it helps you.