Pictures
Cai Yuanpei
What we gain through vision is all about the face, relying on the help of skin sense, and then seeing it as the body. Architecture, sculpture, and fine arts are mutually beneficial. Those that abandon the body and take the face, but still contain the feeling of the body in the face, are pictures.
Where does the feeling of the body originate? It is said that it originates from the ratio of distance and near, and the shadow of light and darkness. Westerners increasingly use the method of painting shadows and describing light, and the scenery becomes closer to nature.
The content of the picture: people, animals, plants, palaces, landscapes, religion, history, and customs. The architectural sculptures are not only complex, but also contain the meaning of music and poetry, so they are particularly touching.
The coloring of pictures is watercolor, which is the same at home and abroad. Westerners also have oil paintings, which began in Italy during the Renaissance and are still popular today. Those that do not use color are called ink and wash, which use ink pens as contrasting shades; they are called line drawings, which use thin pens to outline shapes. Paintings without color are touching, purely based on form and gesture. The color painting is also touching, and it also stimulates in addition to the form and brushstrokes.
Chinese painters started by copying old works. Western painters start by describing real objects. Therefore, Chinese paintings, apart from portraits, are mostly composed of ideas. Although they are called landscape paintings, they are mostly painted from memory. In Western paintings, the characters must have outlines and the landscapes must have real scenes. Although the work of the idealist school has its roots first, it is then added and polished.
1. Author: Cai Yuanpei, also known as Heqing, also known as Zhongshen, Minyou, Jiemin, nicknamed Apei, and also had the pseudonyms Cai Zhen and Zhou Ziyu, Han nationality, Shanyin County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang (today's Shaoxing, Zhejiang), originally from Zhuji, Zhejiang. Revolutionary, educator, politician. Democratic progressive, member of the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, member of the National Government and president of the Supervisory Yuan. The first Director-General of Education of the Republic of China, he served as the President of Peking University from 1916 to 1927, innovating the "academic" and "liberal" style of Peking University; from 1920 to 1930, Cai Yuanpei also served as the President of the Sino-French University. He participated in the struggle against the Qing imperial system in his early years. In the early years of the Republic of China, he presided over the formulation of the first decree on higher education in modern China, the "University Order."
2. Ethnological research: Mr. Cai Yuanpei’s contribution to education and aesthetics is obvious, but his contribution to ethnology is rarely known. Cai Yuanpei stated in his self-written chronicle that one of his dreams is to write a book "Comparative Ethnology" and "to study ethnology until the end of his life." When Cai Yuanpei went to the capital to take the imperial examination, in his policy papers on Tibet, he described in detail that Tibet has a "vast territory and many mountains and rivers."
3. Educational independence thought:
1. "Education independence" as a trend of thought originated before the "May Fourth Movement" and developed and flourished in the 1920s. Due to warlord warfare, economic decline, and the Beiyang government not paying attention to education, the proportion of education funding in the national budget was extremely low. For example, around 1920, education funding only accounted for about 1.2% of the national budget. The limited funds within the budget are often embezzled and misappropriated, and cannot be fully allocated, resulting in a huge shortage of education funds and an unsustainable level of education. [25]
2. Cai Yuanpei has always regarded education as the basic way to save the country, and respected ideological and academic freedom. In addition, as the president of Peking University, he has a deep feeling for the constraints of government bureaucracy and the destruction of education. Therefore, education is Active advocate and supporter of independence and guide it theoretically. In March 1922, he published the article "Proposal for Educational Independence" in "New Education", clarifying the basic views and methods of educational independence, which became an important chapter in the ideological trend of educational independence.