A great leader, a brave soldier and an outstanding architect, he has more than 1 sons and daughters, and his life has been praised a lot. The true story of Ramses, the most famous Pharaoh in ancient Egypt, shows us his human side, his emotional world, his extraordinary ability to establish his own image, and his eternal epic remains. The great king Ramesses II (1314-1237 BC) was the Pharaoh of the 19th dynasty in ancient Egypt (reigned 134-1237 BC), and his reign was the last prosperous era of the new kingdom of Egypt. Son of Pharaoh seti i. Ramses II made a series of expeditions to restore Egypt's rule over Palestine. In Syria, he had a conflict of interest with Hittite, another powerful empire of his time. A famous battle (Battle of Kadeshi) took place between the two sides in 1286. Ramses II was in a disadvantage in the battle, but he ordered it to be described as a great victory for him. The war with the Hittites lasted until 127 BC, and finally ended with the conclusion of a peace treaty between Ramses II and King Katousil III of the Hittites. This document can be said to be the first famous international agreement in history, and its Egyptian and Hittite texts have been preserved and discovered by modern archaeologists. Perhaps out of concern for the Hittite military strength, Ramses II ordered a new city in the northeast Nile Delta as its capital, and named it Peir-Ramses (meaning the palace of Ramses). At the age of 1, he gave orders and lived a legendary life. The most famous Pharaoh in the history of ancient Egypt was a powerful king, an invincible general, an amiable father and a tireless builder. Ramses II (Ramses II, Ramses the Great), with these auras on his head, reigned for 67 years (ruling from 1279 BC ~1213 BC), and he still enjoys these reputations today. Enemies fear him, subjects love him, and gods bless him. Ramses, who lived in the 19th dynasty of ancient Egypt, left an indelible mark on human history. The date of birth of Ramses is still a mystery. We only know that he was born in Memphis around 129BC. SetiⅠ i, his father, married Tuya, the daughter of a warrior general, and they had four children, two men and two women. But the eldest son died when he was very young, which made Ramses successfully ascend to the throne. When he was very young, he began to study in the "Pharaoh School": he served in the army at the age of 1, and his father took him to war at the age of 15 to ensure that he would become a king with both wisdom and courage in the future. It didn't take ramses long to learn a lot, especially two skills necessary as a king: conquering the enemy by military means and building a palace. He has achieved success in both war and architecture. Today, there is not a land in Egypt that does not leave his footprints. How to establish your own heroic image When his father died, Ramses was about 25 years old, but he already had enough ambition and tenacious self-awareness, and he wanted to surpass all his predecessors in his feat. "Publicity is his best weapon, which plays an important role in promoting his kingdom and mission." Eda, a professor of Egyptology at the University of Pisa in Italy? 6? 1 Blesi Bresciani narrated, "A large number of statues and inscriptions tell people about the king's feats and courage, and make his image spread through the ages, and can still stand the test of time." His family life is also seen in the text: eight queens, a group of concubines and more than 1 children. Ramses had to choose the heir to the throne many times, but it was not because of "many things in the palace", but because he lived to be over 8 years old. At that time, the average life expectancy of people was only about 4 years old, and many of his children died before him. Merenptah, who succeeded him to the throne, ranked thirteenth in the list of heirs to the throne, and was not able to ascend to the throne until he was 6 years old. In fact, Ramses had achieved his goal before his death: he had become a legend to his subjects. But the great Pharaoh did not expect that not only the epics about his life have gone down in history, but also those about his death will remain immortal. Ramses' most praiseworthy feat was the Qadesh campaign against Hittites. When the young Pharaoh's conceit almost defeated him, the goddess of fate took care of him. But what matters is the final result, at least in the eyes of his subjects. Frank who wrote a monograph on Ramses? 6? 1 Franco Cimmino explained: "In ancient times, no war had so much historical materials. After the return of Ramses War, on the wall of his palace, in Abu? 6? 1 The scenes depicting the war were carved in the temples of Abu Simbel and Luxor in Karnak. These giant artworks show soldiers, Egyptians camping, fighting scenes and captured soldiers respectively. Of course, Ramses is the most prominent one. In the picture, he defeated the enemy alone. There are also two epics telling us about this war. The most important one is "The Poem of Pentaur", which tells people about this history together with the murals in the temple. " In short, all this is like a "movie" with both pictures and sound. The history narrated by Egyptians The conflict between Egyptians and Hittites led by Ramses was caused by the absolute control over Syria. At the end of April, 1275 BC, Pharaoh led his army to the Oronte Valley to conquer Kadesh, an important town established by the Hittites in Syria. Ramses led 2, soldiers and 2 chariots. These forces were divided into four groups, named Amon, Ptah, Ra and Seth. The target of this war is the land in northern Syria, and the opponent is King Muwatallish, who has 1, soldiers and more than 3,5 chariots. Near the Oronte River, Pharaoh's army captured two people who claimed to be Hittite deserters. They said they had important information to inform the Egyptians. The two men were brought to Ramses and told him that Mu Watari's troops were far away from here, and Pharaoh could easily capture the city. Rameses had regarded Kadeshi as a bag at this time. Before the troops were assembled, he led the Amon team to the plain near Kadeshi and camped here. Only when his guards caught two soldiers of the enemy vanguard did he realize that he had fallen into the encirclement of the enemy, but it was too late. The Hittites who stomped in the castle suddenly attacked, and the unprepared Pharaoh's army was in flight and fled everywhere. Only Ramses led his personal bodyguard to resist the Hittites' attack. Zimino narrated: "Thanks to two unexpected things, Ramses was able to escape unscathed. First, after Hittite soldiers invaded the camp of the Egyptian army, they were busy robbing property immediately, but they forgot to pursue the enemy with victory." Secondly, Pharaoh's follow-up troops rushed up in time to rescue Ramses and his soldiers. " At this time, the whole war situation was completely reversed: the Hittites who should have won easily were in danger, and near dusk, the two sides stopped fighting. In the evening, soldiers from other Egyptian detachments came to reinforce Pharaoh. Finally, the Hittites were forced to make peace because of the fierce attack of Ramses army and the civil strife in their own country. The end of the war was : . Frank? 6? 1 Zimino said: "The real situation may not be completely the case. Although Mu Watari lost many heavy chariots (more than Egyptian chariots, but more difficult to handle), his soldiers were almost unscathed. But for Ramses, the Hittite raid cost him at least one detachment. " The result of the war was a draw, which forced Ramses to give up his plan to capture Kadesh. However, with the help of his own propaganda, he turned this campaign that almost ruined his future into a heroic feat under the leadership of a great leader. Ramses carved this war on many temples. He brought a new style of expression. Abu? 6? In the relief depicting the Battle of Kadesh in Simbel Temple, the surface decorated with stripes is now used to express exciting scenes and create more dramatic dynamic scenes. The images of Ramses and chariots depicted in relief can make people understand this brand-new style, and people have different interpretations of the "four arms" in the details of the picture. Some people think that the extra two arms should belong to the chariot driver, and his body is completely covered by Ramses; Others think that, as mentioned in the stone inscription, it should be the arm of Amon summoned by Ramses. The latest hypothesis is that they belong to Ramses himself, and the artist who created the relief painted two more arms to increase the movement of the picture.
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