How to write couplets (1) Collection of sentences
Collection of sentences is to pick out ready-made sentences from poems, articles and other aspects that can form contrasts and have coherent meanings to form a pair. couplet. This existed in the Song Dynasty. Zhou Zizhi of the Song Dynasty wrote in his "Zhupo Poetry Talk":
Wang Jinggong composed a collection of sentences and got the sentence "Sima Jiangzhou's green shirt is wet". He wanted to make a complete sentence to match it, but he didn't get it for a long time. One day, he asked Cai Tianqi: "'Jiangzhou Sima Qingshan is wet', which sentence can be corrected?" Tianqi responded: "Why not 'Liyuan disciples have white hair and new clothes'?"
"Jiangzhou Sima Qingshan is wet" "Shi" comes from Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing", and "Liyuan Disciple Bai Faxin" comes from Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow". This poem talks about Wang Anshi and Cai Tian's story, and "Eaves Expo Miscellaneous Notes" says:
"Mengxi Bi Tan" says that the collection of sentences begins with Wang Jinggong, such as "The wind is still setting the flowers, and the birds are singing on the mountain." "More quiet" and the like actually did not originate from Duke Jing. "Jinyu Shihua" and "Liaohuazhou Xianlu" claim that there were collections of verses in the early Song Dynasty, and were written by Shi Manqing in great numbers. For example, "If the sky has feelings, the sky will also grow old" and "The moon will grow round if there is no hatred", which definitely did not start with Jing Gong.
Since the Song Dynasty, couplets can be found everywhere.
It is most common to collect verses, for example:
The new ghost is annoyed and the old ghost is crying,
It is uncertain whether he will live or die in this life.
This is a couplet by Ji Xiaolan mocking quack doctors. The first couplet is from Du Fu's "Military Chariots" and the second couplet is from Li Shangyin's "Maweiyi".
I am a madman from Chu, and I never stray far from the Five Mountains in search of immortals;
The land is just like Zou's town, and there are many difficulties to reach here.
This couplet was written by Peng Yulin. The two sentences in the first couplet come from Li Bai's poem "Send Lu Shi Yu Xuzhou from afar on Mount Lu". The second line of the couplet "The land is still like Zou's town" comes from the poem "Jinglu sacrifices Confucius and sighs" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty; "It is difficult to climb here in all directions" comes from Du Fu's poem "Climbing the Tower".
A collection of words and phrases, such as:
Spring is about to end, and my thoughts are endless. You should laugh at my premature birth;
I have spoken too much and my feelings are not over. Who can I ask? Will solve the chain.
"Spring is approaching twilight, and thoughts are endless", from Wen Tingyun's "Geng Liuzi"; "Should I laugh at my early birth of beautiful hair", from Su Shi's "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgic"; "I have spoken too much, but my feelings are not yet over", It comes from Niu Xiji's "Shengchazi"; "Ask who knows how to solve the chain" comes from Xin Qiji's "Autumn in the Han Palace and the Beginning of Spring".
A collection of sentences, such as:
Birds are singing, flowers are thick and snow is gathering;
The clouds move with the bamboos, and the moon flows with the water.
For this couplet, the first couplet comes from Yu Xin's "Ma She Fu", and the second couplet comes from Chen Houzhu's "Night Court Ferrying Wild Geese".
A collection of poems and sentences (i.e. cross-category collections of sentences), such as:
The silver candle is burning high, just afraid that the flowers will fall asleep late at night;
The pearl curtain suddenly Turn around, it’s like déjà vu and Yan is coming back.
This couplet praises the paintings of modern painter Ma Mengrong. The first couplet is from Han Yu's poem "Begonia", and the second couplet is from Yan Shu's poem "Huanxisha".
Collect other aspects, such as:
Picking up flowers in the morning and evening,
New stories.
The upper and lower couplets are the titles of two works by Lu Xun.
Exquisitely mounted calligraphy and paintings of celebrities from the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties.
Authentic medicinal materials from Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangzhou and South China.
This couplet is two shop signboards in a city in the Qing Dynasty, collected by Ji Yun.
The above couplets are all collected from multiple poems, articles or various aspects. There are also situations where sentences are combined into couplets from the same poem:
The mountains are high and the moon is small, and the water comes out.
Both couplets of this couplet come from Su Shi's "Hou Chibi Fu".
If the words quoted in the couplet are only part of the whole couplet, they cannot be counted as a collection of sentences. "The setting sun is as red as the loquats, and I read about the poets of ancient and modern travelers. The wells are barren and flooded with moss for thousands of years; the spring water is green and the willows are growing, touching the feelings of farewell, and the ships thousands of miles away are anchored in the east and west." Hongdu, a Chinese poetess Xue Tao of the Tang Dynasty. Loquat Gate Lane is his residence in Chengdu. In this couplet titled Wangjiang Tower in Chengdu, the sentence "The ship is docked at the gate of Dongwu Wanli" comes from Du Fu's "Queju". It has not been found out whether "the moss wasteland flooded the thousand-year well" is the original sentence of a certain poem. Even if it is, there are only two sentences out of the six sentences in the whole couplet. This cannot be regarded as a collection of sentences, and it is only half a collection of sentences at most. (2) Dehua
The so-called dehua means to slightly transform the original sentences of relevant poems (including old couplets) according to new meanings, and then make couplets.
In Wang Wei's poem "Remembering Brothers from Shandong on September 9th", there are two lines: "I am a stranger in a foreign land alone, and I miss my family even more during festive seasons." Later, people modified it slightly into this couplet for a certain hometown guild hall:
Being a stranger in a foreign land,
Every time we meet each other, we become more intimate.
"Independence" was changed to "body", "festival" was changed to "acquaintance", and "si" was changed to "phase". Such a change would be very appropriate for the hometown association hall.
When Shi Zhongyuan, a Taoist priest of the Five Dynasties, hid in the Qixing Rock in Guilin, he had an aphorism that said: "The stone is pressing down on the wood, and the wood is leaning out, and the flowers are growing upside down on the cliff." Wen Ran, a monk from Yongqing Temple in Xuanwumenwaijiaozi Hutong, Beijing during the Qing Dynasty, changed it to A couplet written on the wall of the Patriarch's Hall said:
The bamboo shoots slanted out from under the stone,
The flowers hanging from the rock bloomed upside down.
"Wood" was changed to "bamboo shoot" because of bamboo. "Hanging" was changed to "hanging" to enhance the feeling of coming down. Changing "生" to "开" adds an extra layer of fragrance. These changes are all due to the temple scenery.
Sometimes, the couplet itself can also be deformed.
Xu Wei, a Ming Dynasty man, inscribed his Ivy Bookstore with the following couplet: "Two ramshackle rooms, and a man with a southern accent." When someone transferred the title to an iron shop, it became:
Three ramshackle rooms,< /p>
A man who has been through hard work.
Xu Wei’s house only had two rooms, so he called it “two rooms”; the iron shop had three rooms, so it was called “three”. Xu Wei was a calligrapher, painter, poet, and writer. He was also good at drama. He often contradicted traditional Confucian concepts, so he called himself "Southern tune and Northern tune."
From the above three couplets, there are not many words that have been changed, but they are very important. Each changed word can fully express the new idea. If the original sentence is changed beyond recognition and still fails to express the new meaning, or if it is still inconsistent with the situation to be expressed after the change, this does not meet the requirements of transduction.
This is not the case. Someone wrote this couplet for Changsha's wonderful peak:
Long and fragrant, a piece of clean soil in the past;
Just like floating jade, this wonderful peak will last forever.
This couplet is derived from the one from Jiangxin Temple in Wenzhou. Only the word "Tai" in the original couplet was changed to the word "Feng". It looks good at first glance, but after careful consideration, Found something wrong. Because Jiangxin Temple is located on an isolated island in the Oujiang River, the couplet says that it "looks like floating jade", and Miao Peak is a hill south of Changsha City, which makes people laugh and cry.
Reduction can be achieved by increasing or decreasing the strokes of a character. For example:
The father is a Jinshi, the son is a Jinshi, the father and the son are both Jinshi;
The mother-in-law is a wife, the daughter-in-law is a wife, and the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are both wives.
This couplet is said to have been written by an official family to show off their power. Because this family always does all kinds of evil, someone secretly added a few changes at night, so it turned out like this:
The father goes into the earth, the son goes into the earth, the father and the son both go into the earth;
< p>Mother-in-law loses her husband, daughter-in-law loses her husband, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law both lose their husbands.The meaning of showing off was replaced by the meaning of death, and the content was completely different from the original couplet.
Abandoned by an unknown rich man,
Many old patients are neglected.
This couplet was written by Ji Xiaolan to mock a certain quack doctor. "Mingcai" and "die" are formed by transposing the words "talent" and "die" in Meng Haoran's poem "If you don't have talent, you will give up, and if you are sick, you will be sparse." After the change of "talent" and "wealth", the satire on quackery is very bitter.
But the most commonly used method of decontamination is still the word "Zhao". Some people say that the couplet "Mother-in-law" was changed to "Mother-in-law steals, daughter-in-law steals, both mother-in-law and daughter-in-law steal", and only "husband" is changed to "steal". If this is the case, it falls into the category of 斢. Once upon a time, there was a stingy rich man. One day he celebrated his mother's birthday, but there was a red couplet missing at the door, so he said to the accountant: "You can rewrite the couplet for me, 'The sky increases years and people live longer, and spring brings blessings to the universe.' Post the two words." The accountant asked how to change the method, and he said, "Change the word 'person' in the first couplet to 'mother.'" The accountant asked again in the second couplet, and the miser said, "There is no need to ask, 'Dad.' "Aren't you and 'Mom' originally a couple?" Mr. Accountant then posted this hilarious couplet:
As time goes by, my mother's life increases,
Spring The world is full of daddy.
On the surface, this couplet seems to be just a momentary carelessness of the miser, but in fact it is a masterpiece of the storyteller to artificially express his hatred for the rich man, using the same calligraphy method.
If the original sentences of the relevant poems (including old couplets) are modified with new meanings and there are too many changes, it will become a parody. There are roughly three situations as follows.
Keeping the basic pattern and some words of the old couplets is one of them. For example, there is an "oath couplet" in "Laughing Well", which says that when a certain official takes office, he sticks a couplet on the gate and says:
If you accept the money in the evening, heaven and earth will destroy you;
As you hear When the yamen servants talk, men steal and women prostitute.
Later, in Huang Tumi's "Notes on Kanshan Pavilion", another official posted the following:
If you get one article, you will be destroyed by heaven and earth.
Listening to one sentiment, men steal and women prostitute.
It is said that the two officials still accepted bribes, let alone talk about it, but as far as these two couplets are concerned, they are all from the same model, and they also retain the words "Heaven and Earth will destroy" and "Male thieves and female prostitutes".
Just keep the basic pattern of the old couplet without using the words of the original couplet. This is the second step. The Lijiang Yulong Mountain Long Couplet, which is modeled after the Long Couplet of the Grand View Tower in Kunming, is an example. The couplet says:
Tens of thousands of miles of Yangtze River flows through our feet. Looking into the distance, the ocean is endless. Kuang connects Bashu to the east, Wula to the north, Jiaozhi to the south, and Tianzhu to the west. Through the ages, Kongbang laments the rise and fall. Taking advantage of the white moon and clear wind, her icy muscles and jade bones were exposed. The morning clouds and dusk rains have dispelled the smog and mist. All I get is a thousand years of snow, an iron platform, half a bay of spiritual lake, surrounded by flowers and birds;
The twelve o'clock scene is in my mind. Highly minded, standing tall and admiring the sentient being. Look at the red sun at dawn, the glow at sunset, the blue mist at noon, and the stars at night. The swallow flies away and returns home, despite the cold and heat. The dragons roar and the tigers roar, promoting the divine virtue and power of the emperor. Yu Ji is happy but sad, and it is clear that he is honest and corrupt. There are also some scenic spots of three dangers, six imperial edicts monuments, ships and drums of the Western Han Dynasty, and mountains and rivers of hundreds of generations.
The basic pattern of the old couplets has also been broken, and only the shadow of the imitated couplets can be seen, third. For example, there is an old couplet at the West Lake Flower Temple in Hangzhou:
Green and red, there are warblers and swallows everywhere;
Winds and rains, every year comes and goes.
Later Liu Shuping imitated the title of Yuyuan Huashen Pavilion and said:
The flowers, flowers and leaves are green and red, but Si Xiangwei deliberately supports them, regardless of the rain, rain and wind, they are cool and cold. Cold;
Float, plaice, and geese, life after life, I hope that lovers will be married, and we will be happy day and night for a long time.
Although there is also "emerald green and red" in this couplet, it is not in the same position as the couplet of Huashen Temple; although there is also "rain, rain, wind and wind" and "morning and dusk", it is not in the same position as the couplet of Huashen Temple. Not only are the couplets not in the same position, but the word order is also reversed. This cannot be regarded as the retention of the words of the original couplet, but can only be regarded as the "shadow" of the original couplet, that is, the imitation mark.
(3) New drafts
The so-called new drafts are couplets written entirely in your own words. This is the most common way of writing couplets, and no examples are needed.
There is a kind of word couplet that also began in the Song Dynasty. "Lenglu Miscellaneous Knowledge" Volume 6 "Collection of Words" entry says: "Collection of words began with Dongpo's collection "Gui Gu Lai Ci"." Liang Zhangju attached it after the collection of sentences in "Couplets Cong Hua". In fact, this type of couplet should be classified as a new one. Because as far as the content is concerned, it was completely thought up by the author himself. The only difference is that a word range is specified. For example, the couplet "Taoist craftsmen are good at writing about Hualiu, Xiu Ling or Yu Yuan" does not rely on ready-made poems and sentences, but is just composed of words from Shiguwen. The Stone Drum Script is a large seal script written before Qin Shihuang unified the writing system, with only more than 300 characters. It is relatively difficult to combine seal characters into a couplet within this range. But it just adds an additional condition. (4) Single question and combined question
The couplet can be a single question by one person or a combined question by two people.
One of the single questions for one person is to expand someone else’s original couplet into a new couplet. The study place of Wangcheng Shutang Temple in Hunan, where Ouyang Xun, a calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, and his son studied, originally had this couplet:
The Jade Seat of Scholars,
The hall is a famous mountain.
The Jade Seat refers to the stone case where Ouyang Xun and his son studied. To build, to build. This couplet was later expanded into the following one:
The jade seat rests on Ouyang, and the fragrance of thousands of books spreads to the universe;
The famous mountain hides the prince, and the Qianqiu Hall composes the universe.
This kind of expansion is carried out by splitting the two couplets. Since the author of the new couplet and the author of the original couplet both have reverence for Ouyang Xun and his son, the content of the new couplet only enriches and develops the original couplet.
For some expansions, the original couplet is not split, and the expanded part is added directly after the original couplet. In the past, a county magistrate once wrote on the gate outside his office:
Love the people like a son,
Enforce the law like a mountain.
Because this county magistrate talks about benevolence, justice and morality, and practices male thieves and female prostitutes. People saw through his tricks, so they added some words at the end to make it like this couplet:
Love the people like a son, parents of cattle and sheep, parents of barns, just serve as a son;
Enforcement is like a mountain, treasures are flourishing, goods and wealth are cultivated, how can this be the nature of a mountain?
With this addition, the meaning of the first couplet becomes: What a "loving the people like a son"! The common people's cattle, sheep, and grain are all filial piety to you, the "parent" officer! From your point of view, they are just doing their duty as sons. The meaning of the second line becomes: How to say "law enforcement is like a mountain"! You are collecting more and more treasures and property every day. Is this the nature of the "mountain"? The meaning of the new couplet is completely opposite to that of the original couplet. This couplet has been added by someone:
Love the people like a son, and all the gold and silver are my sons;
Enforcement is like a mountain, but how can a mountain of money be the mountain to back it up!
This addition is similar to the previous one.
There are also words that are not couplets that are expanded into couplets. During the Kuomintang's rule, it suppressed the people and suppressed public opinion. At that time, teahouses, hotels and other places across Sichuan often posted "Don't talk about state affairs" notes to avoid causing misfortune. There are also people who post "Everyone takes care of their clothes" at the same time. Because there are many thieves and the waiters are unable to take care of them, they have to post this to ask customers to pay attention. Someone took these two notes as a basis and expanded them into the following couplet:
Everyone takes a look at his clothes, there are few gentlemen in the country today;
Stop talking about state affairs, there are ghosts and foxes in the world today many.
Ghost fox refers to the Kuomintang agent.
There are also cases where the original old sentences are empty based on the meaning. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangsu Dantu Yaoshi'an was dedicated to Hua Tuo. Repaired after the fire. Li Liweng asked Zhao Zengwang to write a couplet, and Zhao said: "There is an old saying: 'Uncle Cao's skull will be hated for eternity, but Dr. Zeng closed his arm and heard it for a while.' I wonder if it is available?" Liweng shook his head and said, "'I heard it for a while.' It's too unreasonable." Zhao said, "How about you just want to do it?" Li Weng said with a smile, "I'm just trying to get you to do it." Zhao then wrote a couplet: How can I open my head? It's just that traitors should be punished, and I want to eliminate serious troubles on behalf of thunder;
There is no need to shave my arms, since I am a saint who is not sick, and I am lucky to have the remaining light from the bright moon.
The first couplet is derived from "Eternal hatred for not chopping Cao's head", and the second couplet is derived from "Zeng Yi closed his arm and heard it for a moment". According to "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Hua Tuo was killed because he planned to perform brain surgery on Cao Cao. He also scraped bones with Guan Yu to treat poison and arrow wounds. The old sentence and this air-turning couplet are talking about these two things.
Generally, there are only two ways to write a joint question between two people:
One is that one person writes the upper couplet and the other person writes the second couplet. One night in the summer of 1908, 14-year-old Xiong Henghan from Taojiang, Hunan Province was enjoying the cool air in the courtyard. Everyone listened to what he said about the rare information in the world and nodded in agreement, except for an old master who didn't believe it.
He wrote a couplet and asked Xiong Henghan to confront him within the time of a pack of cigarettes:
A pair of candles tried three cases, bright and clear, shining all around.
Xiong Henghan saw this old master praising the feudal yamen, and after thinking for a while he replied:
The five continents are divided into two hemispheres, dark and dark, without distinction between north, south, east and west!
This method of linking questions is common in ancient and modern times.
The first is to pass each person's words in turn, gradually adding them until they are appropriate. "Smiling Well·Corresponding to the Wind and Rain" and "Continuation of Xi Tan·Don't Change the Father's Work" quoted in the "Advanced Levels" section of the "Art Techniques" chapter of this book are both good examples and will not be quoted at this time. See. This inscription method is quite interesting and is still used occasionally.
2. Requirements for writing couplets (1) Five essentials: 1. It must be targeted.
For example, if you see a pavilion in front of you, you have to consider it from the perspective of the pavilion and have an understanding of its historical situation, geographical environment, and its outstanding and eye-catching features. The long couplet of the Grand View Tower in Kunming written by Sun Yanweng has set a good example for us. If you are talking about a palace, you need to find out whether it is dedicated to heroes or gods, and what is unique about it. "A big belly can tolerate things that are difficult to tolerate in the world; if you smile, you can laugh at the ridiculous people in the world." This couplet, at first glance, you can tell that it is about Maitreya Buddha, because it captures the fact that Maitreya Buddha always has a big belly, These two characteristics are smiling. If you are writing about a store, you must understand what industry the store belongs to. "Everyone who comes here is a barber, but there should be no scratcher here." This couplet expresses the barber shop and captures the personality of barbers. The same goes for writing wedding couplets, longevity couplets and elegiac couplets. For example, the couplets used by Li Dazhao to win over Sun Yat-sen and Jie Zuo to win over Tan Yankai (see the "Caution" section) fully demonstrate their deep understanding of the objects they are trying to win over, and the effectiveness of these couplets. It is not what those who talk in general terms can receive. Second, the idea must be novel.
In other words, it is necessary to be unconventional. If you repeat things that have been said thousands of times and have used old words without any originality of your own, it is called cliché. To avoid being cliche, you must determine the object of your writing and have a clearer understanding of it, and then research whether others have said anything about it, what they said, and from what aspect, and then start with Write in words that others have not used before. There is a couplet on the Maitreya Buddha's throne in Yongquan Temple in Fuzhou, "Carrying an empty bag every day" (see the previous section on "Confrontation"). "Ancient and Modern Funny Couples" has this comment: "Playing Samadhi is the so-called Zen joyful text. The key points are This is the only way to make such a connection. When talking about morality, we are not immune to circumlocution, and when talking about retribution, we are not immune to false accusations, and both of them are not the ultimate principles of Buddhism. To say that there is, is to say that the old couplets are all the same. So if you want novelty, you have to do it." This comment leads to the reason why the couplet of Yongquan Temple in Fuzhou is written in this way, and it is indeed a good idea to write it this way. It has a novel effect. The same title is about the ancient caves of the Qin Dynasty in Hunan Peach Blossom Spring, "I occasionally hear Chinese words spoken by yellow-haired stones, and sometimes white clouds are born on clothes" and "It is said that it is very magical to see that when the thousand-year-old stone cave is opened, the people in the city are still plowing fields and digging wells; read it into the present and the past, and listen to The golden rooster wakes up in the middle of the night, and the rise and fall of Qin and Han Dynasties all return to the flowing water of peach blossoms." The idea is completely different. Regarding the presence or absence of "Utopia", the first one expresses affirmation, while the latter one expresses negative. It is also said that the Peach Blossom Spring is a place that the ancients attached to. "But it is Wulingyu who returns from the entrance of the cave and makes tourists busy both ancient and modern. He wants to find Peng Zezai and asks where the countryside is, but the peach blossoms and flowing water are still there." This is the same as "it is said to be a fairy" One pair, but the angle is different. This is in terms of a place. The same story talks about Guan Yunchang's heroic deeds, "A horse kills Yanliang, and all the heroes in Hebei are frightened; when he meets Lu Su with a single sword, all the celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River bow their heads", and talks about two things he did in Xuzhou and Jingzhou; "How can you avoid suspicion by holding a candle? Si Ye His whole heart is in the Han Dynasty; his gorgeous appearance is not a reward for his virtue, and his eyesight is no longer good at this time." He also talked about two incidents on his way from Xuzhou to Xuchang and during the Battle of Chibi. The same evaluation of Guan Yu said, "There is no such thing in history for thousands of years. The great sage Wenxuan was succeeded by the great sage Wenxuan, and the great sage Wu Muguzhong was promoted below. His majesty lasts forever. He is the model of Yilun in the ancient times. The place is hundreds of miles away, connected to the old Han Dynasty in the west." "Feng, connected to the old base of Yiyang in the east, has a heroic atmosphere, just like the soldiers and horses who passed the mountain". It is said that among the Chinese figures for thousands of years, apart from Confucius (Wenxuan) and Yue Fei (Wu Mu), the only one is Guan Yu; and "horse" Yan Liang was beheaded, his troops were imprisoned, and the three armies were suppressed with mighty force. His title was Tinghou Gong Buyi; Xuzhou surrendered to Mengde, and Nanjun lost Sun Quan. His head traveled thousands of miles, and the shame of being named the Great Emperor is hard to erase." It is said that he has both indelible Although he has made great achievements, he has also made very serious mistakes. This is again about one character. Whether they are talking about a place or a character, these couplets make people feel novel because of their different perspectives. It is true that the main angles of places or characters that have been inscribed by many masters have been occupied, so it is not easy to make them unique. However, differences in times and people often cause people to have different understandings and feelings about the same thing. As long as you observe carefully and seek deliberately, novelty can also be achieved. One of Zhao Zengwang's own examples in "Jiangnan Zhao's Couplet Collection" can illustrate this point. He said: "Chen Zhubei Diocui (Fengzao) came to Jinling with a prostitute named Mingxian. He gave a couplet saying: 'The bright moon is like a three-path night, and the immortal often lives next to the five clouds.' The collection of sentences is just right. Taste it. Inviting Yu to his room, Tan asked for a gift. The prostitute took out the coral paper and asked for a letter. Yu wrote the sentence "The bright moon is the same as the three-path night". Chen Yi said: "How can I write the old couplet?" "How dare I be rude when I first meet him?" The next sentence of the book says: "The five towers are seen for the first time in Xiantai." Chen laughed, saying that Emperor Hanwen had not seen Jia Sheng again for a long time.
"Zhao Zengwang and Chen Zhubei both used the same person as their title, and both wanted to embed the word "Mingxian" at the beginning of the couplet, but Chen already had the couplet first, which was good. If Zhao did it again, it would naturally be more difficult. But Zhao While the first sentence of the Chen couplet is completely retained, only five characters are changed in the second sentence, which is full of new ideas. This can also give us some inspiration. From Zhao's title couplet, we can also see that we need to use our imagination with novel ideas. , how important! Whether the imagination is strong or not, the quality of the couplets written is sometimes very obvious. "Jianhu Collection" records: "Ming Taizu Xingmayuan, Yongle (Chengzu Zhu Di) and Jianwen (Hui Emperor Zhu Yunwen) served Taizu together. . (Taizu) said: "The wind blows a thousand lines from the horse's tail." ’ Jianwen replied: ‘The rain sprinkled the wool on a piece of felt. ’ Taizu was displeased. Yongle said: "The sun shines on the dragon scales with thousands of gold points." '" In terms of dialogue, Jianwen and Yongle's dialogues are very neat. But compared with each other, the beauty and ugliness of their images are very different. This is the result of their different imaginations. In view of this, we usually Pay attention to cultivating your own imagination. Third, you must reflect the spirit of the times. The spirit of the times refers to the ideological outlook of Confucianism and Buddhism in different eras. , Taoism, the democratic ideas of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal period, and the socialist spirit and moral trends since the founding of the People's Republic of China cannot but have an impact on the authors who lived in these eras, and they cannot but be reflected in the couplets they wrote. "God speaks good things, and descends to the earth to send blessings", which is written to seek the blessing of the Kitchen God, and contains a strong color of feudal superstition; "The small building allows me to be quiet, and the earth is busy for others", which is written about the hermit, showing the concern for the world. The indifferent attitude towards life promotes the Lao-Zhuang philosophy of quietness and inaction, "Three birds harm people, crows and owl bustards, and a group of traitorous deer deer and roosters." The words that criticized the three traitors Lu Zongyu, Zhang Zongxiang, and Cao Rulin during the May 4th Movement are full of It arouses the national indignation of the Chinese people; "My temples have been covered with snow for many years, and my heart is like a pill until death" is written by today's revolutionary teachers, expressing their infinite loyalty to the cause of education. These couplets are all imprinted with the spirit of the times. The ancients said: "Although couplets are short pieces of text, they are like short sentences or phrases, or they take various bodies or things. There is a mixture of Zhuang and humor, and there are words of encouragement and punishment. "When we make couplets today, we must consciously and fully reflect the revolutionary, progressive, and noble things of our era. Even if they are entertaining, they must be healthy and positive, and resolutely oppose vulgarity and low taste. Fourth, the love words must be appropriate.
Appropriate means just right. Mr. Ma Zihua said in the article "Couplet Talk": Those who praise heroes should be "serious", those who criticize personnel should be "dignified", and those who hang indoors should be "elegant". Gifts to friends The expressions should be "delicate", the expressions of opinions should be "elegance", the descriptions of the deceased should be "sad", and the descriptions of the scenery should be "beautiful". Generally speaking, this is correct, but when it comes to specific objects. , it depends on the situation. After Yuan Shikai's death, Huang Xing wrote this elegiac couplet: "It seems that he has been a hero in the world for more than forty years. He suddenly became ambitious, pretended to have a good reputation, and wanted to imitate Yuan Gongli. The Duke became the emperor of the house on the third day of his eighty-third year. It was unfortunate that his life was short-lived. According to the proverb of being happy for a while, comparing the two, after all, he was worse than Guo Yanwei. "Yang Du also wrote this elegiac couplet: "The Communist Party and the Republic of China? The Republic of China mistakenly made peace? After a hundred lifetimes, it will be judged as prison. The emperor's constitution betrays the Ming Dynasty? Ming Gong misunderstood the emperor's constitution? Under the nine springs, these words are repeated three times. "Preparation for Security" refers to the Preparation for Security Council, an organization initiated by Yuan Shikai's son Yuan Keding in August 1915 under the instruction of Yang Du and others to advocate the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and sound the gong for Yuan Shikai to become emperor. Yuan Gongtou, also known as Yuan Shu, proclaimed himself emperor in Shouxian County, Anhui Province at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The extravagant and lustful life was ruined by Cao Cao, and Guo Yanwei, also known as Guo Wei, stayed in Yecheng during the Later Han Dynasty. In 951 AD, Emperor Yin was killed, and Empress Dowager Guo was deposed and established herself as emperor in Chanzhou (today's Han Dynasty). South of Qingfeng County in Henan Province, Yuan Shikai abdicated Emperor Xuantong in the same way. Yuan Shikai's methods were more cunning. They were not "pathos" and were intended to criticize Yuan Shikai. The despicable behavior of Yang Du was intended to refute Yuan Shikai's words before his death, "Yang Du misled me". Why did the elegiac couplet also express criticism and refutation? Because Yuan Shikai was a bad person and his death was a crime. Things that please people's hearts are not worthy of sympathy, and Huang Xing and Yang Du have some unresolved public cases with him, so the two elegiac couplets are written in this way, which is reasonable and reasonable, and is consistent with Yuan Shikai's situation and the identity and identity of his collaborators. Although the emotion is not "sentimental", it is appropriate. If they eulogize Yuan Kai against their will and express condolences for Yuan Shikai's death, it will not be appropriate.
The style of the couplet must be followed. The writing must conform to the style of couplets. The situation in recent years is that people generally pay more attention to expressing the spirit of the times, but the characteristics of couplets are generally ignored. This cannot but be said to be somewhat flawed for daily use. Especially for general use in factories and rural areas, there is no need to be demanding in terms of balance, but this does not mean that there is no need to be artistic, because the so-called "no need to be demanding" is completely out of necessity. You should still ask for it. Otherwise, if you are just a "lower Riba man" and just do propaganda, the effect is also conceivable. Couplets are not difficult to weave skillfully but difficult to be natural, not difficult to be relevant but difficult to be detached." No matter what kind of couplets are written, "it is necessary to be united in spirit, never to leave, to use clear thoughts, to use clear pens, to use allusions in wording, and to follow the ancient times. Only by transforming can one be called a master."
It is undoubtedly beneficial to regard this passage as a requirement for us in art and strive to improve our creative realm accordingly.