I already know how to make tools and use fire. 2. Beijingers: Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, dating back about 700,000-200,000 years ago, has possessed the basic physical features of human beings (limbs), but still retains some features of apes (heads).
But the division of labor between hands and feet can obviously make and use tools (this is the fundamental difference between people and animals), and forged stone tools (commonly known as "paleolithic tools") can be used. Food comes from hunting and gathering, lives in caves and uses natural fire (heating, lighting, barbecue food and driving away wild animals).
Will put out the fire and manage the fire. Beijing ape-man site is the richest ancient human remains and remains in the world.
3. Neanderthals: About 18000 years ago, in the cave at the top of Gulong Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, the appearance was basically the same as that of modern people. Stone tools are still in use, grinding and drilling techniques have been mastered, and people can make fires and sew animal skin clothes by hand. 2. The representative of primitive farming culture: 1. Hemudu Site: About 7,000 years ago, Hemudu Village in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province (representing the Yangtze River valley in the south of the Yangtze River) used ground stone tools (Neolithic tools), thunder and Yan, engaged in primitive agricultural production, planted rice, raised livestock and settled down (dry fence building).
2. Banpo Site: About 6,000 years ago, banpo village, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province (representing the northern Yellow River basin) widely used grinding stone tools, planted millet, hemp and vegetables, spun hemp and woven fabrics, made painted pottery, and lived in semi-basement houses. 3. Dawenkou site has funerary objects and polarization between the rich and the poor.
Iii. Ancient legend 1, two tribes in the Yellow River valley: Huangdi tribe and Yan Di tribe. The Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di and formed the Huangyan Alliance, forming the backbone of the Chinese nation. It is the predecessor of the Han nationality, so the Chinese nation respects Yan Di and Huangdi as humanistic ancestors.
2. abdication system: the system in which tribal leaders democratically elect the leaders of tribal alliances. Yao, Shun and Yu successively served as leaders of tribal alliances.
3. Dayu water control: adopt the method of dredging. Fourth, Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty 1, Xia Dynasty: founded by Yu in about 2070 BC, it was the first dynasty in China.
The establishment of Xia Dynasty marked the emergence of China's early state (slavery). Yu's son succeeded to the throne, and the hereditary system of the throne replaced the abdication system
The last king of Xia Dynasty was Jie (tyrant). 2. Shang Dynasty: In about 1600 BC, the leader of Shang tribe defeated Jie in Mingtiao and established Shang Dynasty.
About BC 1300, King Pan Geng of Shang Dynasty moved the capital to Yin (Anyang, Henan). Shandong enters the sea, reaching the upper reaches of Weishui River in the west, the Yangtze River basin in the south and Liaohe River in the north.
The last king, Shang and Zhou (tyrant). V. The Rise and Fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty 1, Western Zhou Dynasty: about 1046 BC, Ji Fa, Zhou Wuwang, with Haojiang as its capital.
2. enfeoffment system: Zhou Wang asked his children, relatives, heroes and descendants of ancient emperors to establish enfeoffment system (the rulers are called monarchs or princes), which is called enfeoffment system. Objective: To consolidate Zhou's rule.
The vassals will present property to Zhou Wang and obey his orders to go to war. 3. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty: In 77 1 year BC, the Gourong people broke the Hao well and killed it, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
The intransitive verb Chunqiu Hegemony 1. Spring and Autumn Period: 770 BC (Zhou Pingwang moved its capital to Luoyang)-476 BC. 2. Five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period: Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, King He Lv of Wu and King Gou Jian of Yue.
3. Reasons for Qi Huangong's hegemony: ① Guanzhong reform: developing production, reforming internal affairs, reorganizing the army, and making Qi's national strength stronger. (2) Play the banner of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries".
Symbol of Qi Huangong's hegemony: Kwai Chung Association. 4. Chu Jin strives for hegemony: The battle of Chengpu (far away from Miyake) was defeated by Chu and proclaimed himself emperor.
Chu Zhuangwang (blockbuster, won the Central Plains) 5. Wuyue's hegemony: King He Lv appointed Sun Wu to defeat Chu and become the overlord. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, defeated Gou Jian, the king of Yue.
Gou Jian defeated Wu and became the last overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. ○ 7. Warring States Period: 475 BC-2265438 BC +0.
Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin. Han, Zhao and Wei split from Jin.
2. The famous battles during the Warring States Period: the siege of Wei to save Zhao (Sun Bin, Qi State) and the battle of Changping (Qin Qi); 3. Zonghe and Lian Heng: Zonghe is represented by Su Qin, and Lian Heng is represented by Zhang Yi. Eight. Shang Yang Reform: 1. Background: ① The development of productive forces in the Warring States period was marked by the extensive use of iron and the popularization of Niu Geng.
② Qin is relatively backward. (3) Qin Xiaogong is determined to reform.
2. Reform: In 356 BC, with the support of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Yang began to reform. The main contents are as follows: ① Reform the land system.
(2) emphasizing agriculture and restraining business. (3) Reward soldiers.
(4) Move the capital to Xianyang and implement the county system. ⑤ Strict laws and regulations.
3. Nature: Shang Yang's political reform is an important political and social reform. Influence: ① Abolish the old system and establish a new system, and the Qin society has undergone fundamental changes (from slave society to feudal society).
(2) The fighting capacity of Qin State has been improved. ③ The social and economic development of Qin State.
4. At the end of the Warring States Period, Dujiangyan and Zheng Guoqu were built in the State of Qin. Nine. Unification of the Qin Dynasty: 1. The reasons why "the king of Qin swept the Six Rivers" (unified the whole country) are as follows: ① Qin's strength surpassed that of the six eastern countries.
(2) The King of Qin seized power and formulated the correct strategy (attacking from far to near). 2. Qin unified the whole country: in 22 BC1year, Xianyang was the capital.
Significance: ① Ending the separatist situation since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. ② Established the first unified multi-ethnic feudal country in the history of China.
2. Establish the emperor system: Contents: ① Establish the title of emperor, which is in the supreme position. (2) in the central set the prime minister, qiu and suggestion, in charge of administration, military and supervision.
(3) At the local level, the enfeoffment system was abolished and the county system was fully implemented. The Qin Dynasty established centralized absolutism.
3. Measures to consolidate reunification: ① Unified currency ("half a square hole in Qin State" copper coin). ② Uniformity (length) Quantity (capacity) Scale (weight).
③ Unified regular script (seal script, later official script). Ten, the late Qin peasant uprising 1. Reason: Qin's tyranny.
It is manifested in: ① "burning books to bury Confucianism" (this is the concentrated expression of Qin Shihuang's autocratic rule in the field of culture and thought). (2) cruel exploitation.
(3) severe punishment. (4) Qin Ershi is more fatuous and cruel.
2. Start: Daze Township Uprising. In 209 BC, led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu, it was the first large-scale peasant uprising in China history.
Zhang Chu regime was established in Chen county, and once attacked the theater near Xianyang. 3. Battle of Julu: 207 BC.
2. The history review outline of the seventh grade last semester, People's Education Edition.
I don't know if you learned the textbook. 1. The origin of Chinese civilization 1. Yuanmou Man is the earliest known human being in China. People in Beijing use natural fire.
3. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are regarded as the humanistic ancestors of the Chinese nation, and the Yanhuang tribe constitutes the main body of the Chinese nation. 4. During the Yao, Shun and Yu period, the leader of the tribal alliance was elected by abdication, and Yu was the hero of water control in the legendary era.
Second, the emergence of the country and social changes 1. Xia Dynasty-Time: Before the King of Yue, in 2070, founder: Yu, meaning: It was the first country in Chinese history to replace abdication system with hereditary throne system. 2. Shang Yang's political reform: The most influential political reform in the Warring States period was Shang Yang's political reform in Qin State.
Main contents: ① Prepare household registration and strengthen punishment. (2) Reward production.
(3) Reward soldiers. (4) admit that land is private.
(5) the county system. ⑥ Unified measurement.
Function: After the reform, Qin became rich and powerful, and its national strength increased greatly, which laid a solid foundation for the annexation of the six countries in the future. Third, establish a unified country 1. In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang established the first unified multi-ethnic centralized state in the history of China.
Qin Shihuang's measures to strengthen centralization and its significance. (Read the map: brief table of Qin administrative system, unified script of Qin, schematic diagram of unified currency of Qin) 2. Significance of Chen Guang Uprising: This was the first large-scale peasant war in China history, which dealt a heavy blow to the brutal rule of Qin Dynasty.
3. Historical facts of Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions: During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attacked the Xiongnu and sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions. 4. Silk Road: The most transported commodity on this road is silk.
Function: It has become a bridge for economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and it still plays an important role. 5. Measures for the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, take Confucianism as the guiding ideology of governing the country, implement the policy of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", and establish Confucianism as the orthodox ideology of authoritarian dynasties; Promulgating the "decree of granting favors" to weaken the power of sealing the country; Strengthen the supervision system.
Conclusion: During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, centralization was strengthened unprecedentedly, and the unified empire was further consolidated and developed. Four. Separation of political power and national integration 1. Know the names and relative positions of the three countries.
2. The measures taken by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty to promote national integration: moving the capital to Luoyang, changing Hanfu, learning Chinese, adopting Han surname and advocating marriage with * * *. V. a prosperous and open society 1. Imperial examination system in Sui and Tang Dynasties: The imperial examination system was established and perfected in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The imperial examination system is a system of selecting officials through examinations of different subjects, which emphasizes the principle of selecting officials based on ability.
2. "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng": At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the political situation was stable and the economy was prosperous, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history. 3. The communication between Tang and Tubo: Tubo is the ancestor of Tibetans today.
Princess Wencheng entered Tibet and married Songzan Gambu, which laid the foundation for China's close contacts with Tibet. 4. The envoy to the Tang Dynasty is a Japanese mission sent to the Tang Dynasty for cultural exchange; During the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen made outstanding contributions to the economic and cultural exchanges between China and Japan. Xuanzang traveled west to Tianzhu to learn Buddhism.
It shows that cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries are developing to a deeper level. (See the schematic diagram of Jian Zhen Du Dong and Xuanzang's westbound map) 5. When Emperor Taizong was Emperor Taizong, he knew people well, and coachable was modest. Adjust the service system to reduce people's labor burden; Perfecting the imperial examination system and the "three provinces and six departments system" in Sui Dynasty; The laws of the Tang Dynasty had a great influence on Asian countries. Emperor Taizong practiced an enlightened national policy, and the northwest ministries honored him as their monarch "Tiankhan". Strengthening the ties between China and Tibet, Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet has brought the relationship between China and Tibet closer.
During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy was restored and developed, and the national strength was enhanced, which was called "the rule of Zhenguan" in history. 6. The shift of economic center of gravity to the south and the development of ethnic relations During the Song Dynasty, the national economic center of gravity shifted from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin.
Seven. Consolidating a unified multi-ethnic country and social crisis 1. The main measures to strengthen autocratic rule in Ming and Qing Dynasties: (1) Strengthening imperial power: the Prime Minister was abolished in Ming Dynasty and the Ministry of War was established in Qing Dynasty. (2) stereotyped writing.
(3) Daxing Wen Zi Prison. 2. The Qing Dynasty set up ministers stationed in Tibet: The Qing Dynasty began to set up ministers stationed in Tibet as representatives of the central government, and stationed * * * to manage the affairs of * * * with * * * and the Panchen Lama.
3. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Qi Jiguang: War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Qi Jiguang in Ming Dynasty. (Contact local history) 4. Zheng Chenggong * * *: Zheng Chenggong * * was acquired from Dutch colonists in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
5. The Battle of jaxa: During the Qing Dynasty, there were two wars between JAXA and Russia. 6. Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean: In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean, reaching the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea as far as possible. Zheng He's voyage to the West is an unprecedented feat in the history of world navigation, which is more than half a century earlier than the ocean voyage in Europe.
(Figure and table: chart of Zheng He's voyages to the West, comparison between Zheng He's voyages to the West and Columbus' voyages to the West) Zheng He's voyages to the West strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges and friendly exchanges between China and the people of Asian and African countries, promoted overseas Chinese to emigrate to Southeast Asia, and promoted the social and economic development in Southeast Asia. However, the main purpose of Zheng He's voyage to the West was to publicize the national prestige and "treasure hunt" in the West, regardless of economic interests and consumption of national strength. With the decline of national power in Ming Dynasty, the feat of ocean navigation was finally abolished.
7. The main manifestation of "closed door": closed door is not to completely cut off foreign exchanges, but mainly to strictly restrict foreign trade. 8. Science and technology 1. Dujiangyan: During the Warring States Period, Li Bing, the prefect of Qin State, presided over the construction of water conservancy projects in Minjiang River Basin, which represented the advanced level of water conservancy projects in China at that time.
(Read the picture: Dujiangyan schematic diagram) 2. Great Wall: It is a symbol of unified style and Chinese nation. 3. Four Great Inventions: ① Papermaking: Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and China's papermaking spread all over the world, which promoted the cultural exchange and the popularization of education and profoundly influenced the development process of world civilization.
Printing: Block printing was invented in the Tang Dynasty, and movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in the Northern Song Dynasty, which played an important role in spreading knowledge and promoting the development of world civilization. ③ Compass: Invented in the Song Dynasty, it provided important conditions for global navigation and discovery of new continents.
(4) Gunpowder: It began to be used in the military in the Tang Dynasty and was widely used in the military in the Song Dynasty. China's four great inventions had a great influence on the civilization and progress of all mankind.
Grand Canal: The Grand Canal that ran through the north and south during the Sui Dynasty, with Luoyang as the center, Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south, was the longest canal in the ancient world.
3. The first volume of the seventh grade of history materials The first volume of the seventh grade of history review materials Unit 1 The origin of Chinese civilization 1. Ancient humans in China 1.
China is the country with the largest number of human bones found in the Yuan Dynasty. 2。
Yuanmou Man, about 6.5438+0.7 million years ago, is the earliest known human being in China. 3。
Beijingers. (1) Time: 700,000-200,000 years ago (2) Location: Longgushan, Zhoukoudian, Beijing (3) Physical characteristics: Beijingers still have some physical characteristics of apes, but they can walk upright, indicating that labor played an important role in the evolution of apes to humans.
(4) Production and life: making and using rough stone tools, using natural fire and living in groups. 4。
Beijing Fangshan Zhoukoudian is about 1 year ago. Neanderthals used artificial fire 80,000 years ago.
5。 What progress have cavemen made compared with Beijingers? The face of cavemen is basically the same as that of modern people; Cavemen still use hammering stone tools, but they have mastered grinding and drilling techniques, which can be seen from the bone needles used by cavemen; They collect and hunt for a living, and they can also fish; Neanderthals have begun to wear decorations; I can already make a fire by hand.
Second, the scattered clan settlement is 1. The most representative clans and settlements are Banpo settlement in the Yellow River basin and Hemudu settlement in the Yangtze River basin.
2。 Banpo settlement and Hemudu settlement.
Banpo settlement Hemudu settlement time was about 6000 years ago, about 7000 years ago. Location: Hemudu Village, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, Xi 'an banpo village, Shaanxi Province. The production and living use polished stone tools, cultivated land with stone axes, and planted millet, cabbage and mustard. Raising domestic animals such as pigs and dogs, hunting and fishing.
Make painted pottery. Live in a semi-basement house and live a stable life.
Use ground stone tools and bone tools, use bones to cultivate land and grow rice; Raise domestic animals, such as pigs, dogs and buffaloes. Make black pottery.
Live in a dry house, live a settled life, dig wells and use wells. The typical representative of the farming culture of clan settlements in the Yellow River Basin is the typical representative of the farming culture of clan settlements in the Yangtze River Basin. China is the first country to grow millet and rice in the world.
3。 About four or five thousand years ago, private property appeared in Dawenkou primitive resident society, and there was a phenomenon of polarization between the rich and the poor.
Third, the dawn of civilization in the legendary era +0. Emperor Yan is Shennong.
2。 The formation of the Chinese nation was about 4,000 years ago. Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor defeated the Chiyou tribe together. Later, Yan Di and Huangdi fought in the "Wild of Hanquan", Yan Di was defeated and surrendered to Huangdi, and the two tribes joined forces to continue to multiply, forming the main body of the Chinese nation.
3。 After Yao Shun abdicated the emperor, people no longer fought for the position of tribal alliance leader through frequent wars, but elected successors in a relatively peaceful way. This method of electing tribal alliance leaders was later called "abdication".
4。 Enlightenment of Dayu's success in water control: (1) Be flexible and innovative in solving and handling problems.
(2) If you want to succeed in anything, you must have perseverance and dedication. (3) Human beings should live in harmony with nature.
4。 Comparing the similarities and differences between Banpo settlement and Hemudu settlement, Banpo settlement and Hemudu settlement are located in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin respectively. Semi-basement houses and dry fence houses are the main crops. Similarity is a typical representative of Neolithic culture. They started agricultural production and settled down, and generally used ground stone tools and pottery.
The emergence of the country and social changes. Changes of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Xia Dynasty-a slave country in the history of our country (1) Background: When Yu was the leader of the tribal alliance, he accepted tributes from various tribes, divided the whole country into Kyushu, and forged Jiuding as the supreme symbol of power.
(2) Establishment: In about 2070 BC, the Xia Dynasty was established with Yangcheng as its capital. The Xia Dynasty established castles, armies, criminal laws and prisons, and established state power institutions.
(3) "Home is the world": After his death, Qi inherited his father's position, hereditary system replaced abdication system, and "public world" became "home world". 2。
The last king of Xia Dynasty was Jie, extravagant and cruel. Around BC 1600, Tang Jian, the leader of the Shang tribe in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, established the Shang Dynasty, with its capital in Bo.
3。 Zhou, the last king of Shang Dynasty, was a dissolute tyrant.
BC 1046, Zhou Wuwang led the army to defeat the Shang army in Konoha, and the Shang Dynasty was destroyed. Zhou Wuwang established the Zhou Dynasty, with Haojiang as its capital, known as the Western Zhou Dynasty in history.
4。 In 77 1 year BC, the dog Rong attacked Haojiang, killed it, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
5。 In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyi, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began.
6。 How to calculate the time? (1) The calculated time is on the same side, and the larger time is reduced.
(2) If they are not on the same side, use the following calculation formula: AD-1= time interval 2 after BC. Xia, Shang and Zhou societies and countries 1. The feudal system of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1) Purpose: In order to consolidate the rule over the surrounding areas (2) Content: The king of Zhou granted the land and subjects of a certain place to various governors, which was called "accepting the people from Xinjiang" and the governors managed local affairs.
The enfeoffment system stipulated the obligations of the blocked people, that is, they must obey the orders of the king of Zhou, govern the vassal States and defend the king of Zhou. Therefore, they must go to Zhou's pilgrimage, tribute and service regularly.
The vassal States maintained close ties and resisted barbarians, barbarians and military forces. (3) Function: Through the gradual enfeoffment, the control network spread from the central government to the four directions was compiled, which broke the state of many vassal States in Xia and Shang Dynasties and strengthened the economic and cultural ties between the Zhou royal family and the vassal States.
. The influence of the Western Zhou Dynasty has been expanding, which has strengthened the ties with the surrounding ethnic minorities and promoted the economic and cultural development in remote areas.
2。 Nobles, civilians and slaves: including governors, ministers and scholars who are officials at all levels, make a living by exploiting civilians and slaves, and only engage in mental labor, not physical labor. The ruling class civilians have their own production tools and family sideline, and they have personal freedom.
With some private property, "crime or debt will become slaves" slaves: prisoners of war, criminals who violate the criminal law, etc. Without personal freedom, he was killed as a sacrifice to his ancestors or buried for the dead nobles. During the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, people were mainly ruled by military, criminal law and ideological and etiquette education.
Three, the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period 1. The Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period 770~ 476 BC was the Spring and Autumn Period in China's history, when the royal family became weaker and weaker, and the major vassal states fought for land, population and domination of other countries.
4. Seventh-grade history lesson plans The second volume of seventh-grade history of Beijing Normal University Edition Beijing Normal University Edition contains a full set of lesson plans and exercises, with 270 pages, which cannot be completely copied here. You can download it from our website. The first lesson is the unification of the Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal, with examples, focusing on this lesson: the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty; The difficulty of tyrant emperor Yang Di in this lesson: the establishment of the imperial examination system. Teaching process: 1. Introduction and review questions: (1) When did the Northern Zhou Dynasty unify the North? (2) (showing pictures of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty) In 58 1 year, this man seized the Northern Zhou regime and established the Sui Dynasty. Who is he? Second, teach a new lesson 1. The Sui Dynasty unified the economic development of the North and South Dynasties, and it is urgent to break the boundaries, strengthen economic exchanges and end the separatist situation.
After a long war, the broad masses of people long for unity and a more stable social environment. Therefore, the elimination of Chen in the Sui Dynasty ended the separatist regime for more than 270 years since the Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was conducive to social stability and economic and cultural exchanges and development between the North and the South.
2. "Emperor's Rule and the Excavation of the Grand Canal" 1) "Emperor's Rule" The teacher asked the students to read the textbooks themselves, summarize them and then ask questions. Finally, the teacher summed up the main points: Sui completed reunification and social stability; Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty implemented the system of three provinces and six departments and the imperial examination system in the central government. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was thrifty and advocated reducing people's burden.
2) The Grand Canal teacher asked students to read textbooks and think: the powerful and prosperous Sui Dynasty enabled the Grand Canal to be opened. Does it taste good？ Multimedia demonstration: boats on the canal, granaries by the canal, cities by the canal. Explain the role of the Grand Canal with facts) (Students think) What role did the Canal play in the politics, economy and culture of China at that time? The opening of the Grand Canal changed the local geographical environment and formed an all-round water network from north to south and from east to west.
The navigation of the canal has woven an unprecedented material exchange network, which has effectively promoted the breakthrough development of agriculture and handicrafts. The two sides of the strait are increasingly prosperous, and the number and scale of towns are increasing.
Luoyang, the center of the canal, is located in both north and south, and plays an important role in national politics and economy. Yangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River, with its large city, rich commodities, prosperous life and developed transportation, was called the best in the world at that time. Suzhou, the central city, is located in the center of the Jiangnan Canal, with busy shipping. Hangzhou, the starting point of the Grand Canal, was one of the richest counties in China at that time. The expansion and prosperity of cities have effectively promoted the prosperity and development of economy and culture. Later, more than one million people lived by the canal.
The navigation of the Grand Canal facilitates communication between the North and the South, and is conducive to maintaining national unity and centralization. The navigation of the Grand Canal has greatly promoted the scientific and cultural exchanges between North and South.
The Grand Canal is a great pioneering work to transform the rivers and mountains of the motherland. It is not only a north-south water artery, but also has an important influence on politics, economy, military and culture in the history of China. The ancient canal nurtured the ancient civilization of China and made it achieve unprecedented prosperity in economy, culture and transportation.
However, later generations have different opinions about the opening of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty. Introduce and evaluate the poems of the Grand Canal.
For example, once a thousand miles of river is opened, the waves will come for nine days. The brocade sail has not fallen, and the dragon boat has not returned.
-Hu Ceng Bianshui is the most beneficial to the Huaihe River, and the harm caused by strangers is also harmonious. Of the 43 states in the southeast, this river is the most popular.
-Li Jingzhi The Sui Dynasty died as a river, and thousands of miles passed through the waves. If there is no water temple dragon boat, there are not many theories about * * *.
-Pi Rixiu 3. Tyrant Yang Di and the demise of Sui Dynasty. The powerful Sui Dynasty perished in only 37 years. Is it caused by the Grand Canal? Why "fish when you are exhausted and die for this river"? Yang Di visited Jiangdu three times. (Multimedia presentation, which can be told by teachers or media, can guide and inspire students to think) 1.
In August 605, I went from Luoyang to Jiangdu for the first time. There are nearly 200,000 concubines, song and dance bands and attendants.
The entire fleet is connected end to end, with more than 200 miles before and after, and more than 80,000 people are strong enough to pull optical fibers for the fleet. There are also large cavalry escorts on both sides of the canal. Drumming all the way.
The fleet passed through the counties, forcing residents within 500 miles to contribute treasures and delicious food. Because there are too many blackmail products, I have to pour a lot of food into the river or bury it in the ground before I leave.
The fleet is like locusts. Everywhere it goes, it is eaten up and searched empty. 2。
In March of June10, I went to Jiangdu for the second time. He also ordered the Yangtze River to be opened for an eastward tour (Shaoxing, Zhejiang).
6 1 1 Cruise from Jiangdu to Zhuo Jun in February to prepare for the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. From 6 12 to 6 14, Yang Di attacked North Korea three times.
In order to transfer military supplies, when recruiting men, they recruit women. Some people cripple their limbs in order to avoid heavy corvee, which is called "blessing hands and feet".
War consumes a lot of manpower and material resources and brings endless military service and corvee. 3。
665438+In the autumn of 2006, I visited Jiangdu for the third time. At that time, people all over the world had begun to resist the tyranny of Emperor Yang Di.
Emperor Yang Di was still extravagant and corrupt, extorting money. At that time, there was a folk song that said, "To resist soldiers and elections (choose beautiful women), every family should collect iron.".
Gather iron to make a gun, and kill all the corrupt officials. In 6 18, Yang Di's guards staged a coup and hanged themselves with towels in Jiangdu.
The prosperous Sui Dynasty perished. Teacher's summary: One visit to Jiangdu reflects Yang Di's extravagance and decay, while the second visit to Jiangdu shows that Yang Di is eager for quick success and instant benefit, and the state bears the corvee and military service. The third visit to Jiangdu shows that Yang Di has lost his heart and even his subordinates are against him.
Students think about the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty. Teacher guidance can discuss the relationship between the rise and fall of the country and the huge construction project, the relationship with the rulers, the relationship between the people's wealth and the country's wealth, and the enlightenment brought to us by the demise of the Sui Dynasty. Whether the construction of a huge building project is beneficial to the development of the country or brings the country into crisis depends on the use of the project by the rulers.
The opening of the Grand Canal has consumed a lot of manpower and material resources, and it should have been cultivated long ago to reduce the corvee tax. But in Yang Di's eyes, the Grand Canal first provided him with convenience, allowing him to cruise for pleasure, wage foreign wars and suppress the resistance of the domestic people.
Show prestige, consolidate rule and prepare for war by cruising. Exploitation has intensified, and military service and corvee have increased. As a result, the Sui Dynasty was submerged in the people's resistance.
The prosperity and strength of the Sui Dynasty was the result of Emperor Wen's efforts to govern the country, and the demise of the Sui Dynasty was the direct result of Yang Di's tyranny. Thus, in the feudal period, the personal quality and ruling ability of the rulers played an important role in the rise and fall of the country.
5. The first volume of Grade 7, historical manuscript, Yuanmou Man, was the earliest human being in China, about 6,543.8+0.7 million years ago, and Beijingers have started to use natural fire.
2. The original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo lived in the prosperous period of matriarchal clan commune, and were the early inhabitants of the Yangtze River valley and the Yellow River valley in China respectively. According to the relics of Hemudu and Banpo sites, China was the first country to grow rice and millet in the world.
Yandi and Huangdi are regarded as the earliest ancestors of the Chinese nation. 4. Xia Dynasty, founded in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, was the first slavery dynasty in China.
Later, Shang Tang destroyed Xia Dynasty and established Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin Shang Dynasty. 5. Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province shows that the history of written examination in China began in Shang Dynasty.
Today's Chinese characters are developed from Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Simuwu Dafang Ding is the largest bronze ware unearthed so far.
6. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. 7. China's first collection of poems was The Book of Songs.
6. The first volume of the seventh grade history knows the world. Shandong People's Publishing House latest edition 1 Hebei People's Publishing House seventh grade history review outline 1. Knowledge points 1, 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty seized the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty, and made Chang 'an its capital.
In 2.589, the Sui Dynasty eliminated Chen's unification of the north and the south. Since 605, Emperor Yang Di has opened a Grand Canal that runs through the north and south.
4. The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty, centered on Luoyang, reached Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, which was the longest river in the ancient world. 5. The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty was divided into four sections: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hanjiang River and Jiangnan River, which connected five major water systems: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.
In 6.6 18, Emperor Yang Di was killed by the Ministry in Jiangdu, and the Sui Dynasty perished. In 7.6 18, Li Yuan fought against Sui Dynasty in Taiyuan and entered Chang 'an to establish the Tang Dynasty.
8. The only female emperor in the history of China was Wu Zetian, who proclaimed herself emperor in her later years and changed her name to Zhou. 9. Emperor Taizong attached importance to developing production and reducing farmers' tax and labor; Pay attention to appointing talented people and accept counseling with an open mind.
He appointed resourceful Fang and kind and decisive Du Ruhui as Prime Minister, calling him "Fang Mou Du Duan". Reuse Wei Zhi, who dared to speak out, as a famous remonstrator 10 and during the reign of Emperor Taizong, politics was relatively clear, economy developed rapidly and national strength gradually increased.
Historically, the rule at that time was called "the rule of chastity". 1 1. The world's first tea monograph, Tea Classic, appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and the author Lu Yu was called "Tea God" by later generations.
12, Wu Zetian was promoted, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Yao Chong as prime minister. 13, the ceramic industry had an important development in the Tang Dynasty, and Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang tricolor were the most famous.
Tri-colored Tang Dynasty is a treasure of world craft. 14 During the Tang Dynasty, the metropolises in China included Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu.
15, Chang 'an City is divided into Fang and Shi, Fang is a residential area and Shi is a bustling commercial area. 16, Chang 'an was not only a national exchange center at that time, but also an international metropolis.
17 years, the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in history. 18, the selection of subjects began in the Sui Wendi era.
When Yang Dishi was in Sui Dynasty, Jinshi was formally established, and talents were selected according to examination results. 19. There were many permanent examination subjects in the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty, among which Jinshi and Mingjing were the most important.
20. The figures who improved the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty were Emperor Taizong, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian. 2 1. The imperial examination system lasted for more than 1300 years in China feudal society until the late Qing Dynasty.
22. During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Wu Zetian successively set up the highest administrative and military institutions to govern the western regions in present-day Xinjiang. In the early period of the 23rd-7th century, the outstanding Tubo Zampsong Zagambo unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and made its capital more logical.
24. Emperor Taizong married Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu, which strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges between Tang and Fan and enhanced the friendly relations between China and Tibet. In the 25th and 8th centuries, the Tang Dynasty married Princess Jincheng to Tubo.
At this point, Tubo and the Tang Dynasty have been "harmonious as one family". In the mid-26th and 8th centuries, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named Uighur as the leader of Huairen Khan, and Emperor Xuanzong named Mohe as the king of Bohai County.
Xuanzong made Nanzhao king of Yunnan. 27. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, foreign exchanges were active, and there were contacts with some countries in Asia, Africa and Europe.
28. During the Tang Dynasty, China had frequent contacts with Tianzhu, and the most outstanding messenger was the monk Xuanzang. He devoted himself to the translation of Buddhist scriptures, and also wrote "The Western Regions of Datang".
Follow-up: The answer of Volume 1 was recommended by the administrator Molly as the best answer.