Planting techniques of camphor tree
Tree alias: Castanopsis fargesii and Cinnamomum camphora are representative tree species of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and they are important timber and special economic tree species in subtropical region (southwest region).
Evergreen tree Leaves alternate, oval, bright above, slightly grayish white below, with three veins at the base and glands in the axils. Flowers in early summer, small, yellow-green, panicles. Drupe is small spherical, purple-black, with cup-shaped receptacle at the base. Widely distributed in the south of the Yangtze River in China, with Taiwan Province Province as the largest. All plants have the aroma of camphor, which can be used to extract camphor and camphor oil. Wood is hard and beautiful, suitable for making furniture and boxes, as well as greening trees and street trees. Because the whole plant exudes the unique fragrance of Cinnamomum camphora, people often call it Cinnamomum camphora. In some areas, camphor trees are even associated with ghosts and gods, so people generally don't cut down camphor trees that grow well.
Zhangshu language
Stubborn life, sitting quietly watching the lotus blossom and fall, is related to love, and its unique fragrance makes people feel romantic.
Ecological habit of camphor tree
Cinnamomum camphora 2 likes light and is slightly resistant to shade; I like warm and humid climate, and my cold tolerance is not strong. I don't have strict requirements on soil, and I am more resistant to water and humidity. But when transplanting, I should pay attention to keep the soil moisture. Waterlogged water will easily lead to root rot and death due to lack of oxygen, but I am not tolerant of drought, barren and saline-alkali soil. The taproot is developed and deep, and can resist wind. Strong germination and pruning resistance. The growth rate is moderate, and the tree shape is huge like an umbrella, which can provide shade and keep out the cold. It has a long survival period, can grow into a towering ancient tree for hundreds of years, and has a strong ability to smoke and dust, conserve water, fix soil and prevent sand, and beautify the environment. In addition, it can resist tidal wind, smoke and toxic gases, and can absorb a variety of toxic gases, which is more suitable for urban environment.
Artificial cultivation of camphor tree
Sowing propagation
When the fruit is ripe, it falls by itself and the bird pecks it. Breeding with seeds should be sown with the harvest, with 7200-8000 seeds per kilogram, germination rate of 70-80% and yield per mu of 10- 15 kg. Afforestation can also germinate and renew. Pests and diseases include powdery mildew, black spot, camphor sawfly, camphor leaf roller moth, camphor moth, camphor beetle and so on.
Seedling raising technology
Cinnamomum camphora is a good material for first-class architecture, furniture and technology. Camphor of camphor tree and camphor oil are widely used in science and technology, OEM, medicine and national defense industry. Besides camphor or? Four modernizations? Excellent tree species for greening in China. Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen tree, which likes light, has strong taproots, developed roots, warm and humid climate, strong adaptability, fast growth and long life. It grows best in the floodplain with deep soil layer.
grow seedlings
1. time. Mature seeds are harvested every year10-1February, then stored in sand, and can germinate and sow in early March.
2. Soil preparation. Plow and rake for the first time in early winter, and plough and rake for the second time before sowing, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, the base fertilizer is decomposed manure, with a per mu 1.500-2.000 kg or 50 kg of urea, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0/.50 kg of vegetable cake. Then, a high bed is built, with a general bed height of 35-50 cm and a bed width of 65,438.
3. accelerate germination. In early March, camphor trees need to be germinated before sowing. Seeds can be soaked in warm water at 50℃. After cooling in warm water, soaking the seeds in 50℃ water for 3~4 times can make the seeds germinate 10~ 15 days earlier.
4. sow seeds. The row spacing of drilling is about 20 cm, and the sowing amount per mu is 10~ 15 kg. After sowing, cover the soil with straw or plastic film to keep the surface soil of the seedbed moist, which is beneficial to seed germination.
5. Tending management. After the seedlings are unearthed, the straw or plastic film should be pulled out in time, and the seedlings can be thinned when they grow a few real leaves, and the seedlings can be fixed when the height of the seedlings is about 10 cm. There are about 20,000 camphor trees per mu. After July, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and often loosen the soil and weed. Stop topdressing and irrigation in late autumn. Topdressing is usually 2~3 times, the first two times can use 7~ 10 kg urea, and the last time can use 10 kg urea and 7.5 kg phosphate fertilizer. The annual seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora/KLOC-0 can reach more than 50 cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.7 cm.
The suitable transplanting time is from the middle and late March to the middle and early April, and the transplanting density is about 0/500 plants per mu/kloc. After transplanting, it was cut off at about 10 cm above the ground. When the buds grow to about 10 cm, the main stem can be fixed, and the redundant branch buds can be cut off, leaving thicker branches. Apply 2000 kilograms of manure to the bed in winter. In this way, the DBH of 3-year-old seedlings can reach more than 3 cm.
Transplanting technique of camphor tree
grow seedlings
Large seedlings should be transplanted, the suitable transplanting time is from the middle and late March to the middle and early April, and the transplanting density is about 22,500 plants /hm2. After transplanting, it was cut off about 10cm from the ground. When the bud grows to about 10cm, the trunk can be fixed, and the redundant branches will be cut off, leaving the thicker branches of 1. In seedling raising, cultivation management work such as intertillage, weeding, soil cultivation, topdressing, irrigation and pest control should be carried out in time. Seedling tending shall be carried out at least 3 times in the first 1 year and 1~2 times in the second year. Cinnamomum camphora has many sprouting branches. The first three years were used to wipe off buds, mainly to wipe off 2/3 of the buds on the ground. In winter, 30 tons /hm2 manure is applied on the bed surface. In this way, the DBH of three-year-old seedlings can reach more than 3cm. When you leave the nursery, you should bring mud balls and cut off branches and leaves appropriately to improve the survival rate of afforestation.
transplant
Cinnamomum camphora with straight trunk, fresh bark color and vigorous tree growth transplanted in the last two years should be selected, and its new fine roots are concentrated in stumps, so the survival rate of trees is high. Try to use the seedlings in the heel as much as possible. After a few months, the roots of camphor trees in the heel begin to grow new roots, and the roots are more active, so it is easier to survive when planted in unsuitable seasons. If the seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora dug out of the nursery are planted out of season, the soil ball is bigger than normal. The bigger the soil ball, the more complete the root system and the more successful the planting. If it is a bare-rooted seedling. It is also required to be as thoughtful as possible, with long roots and more fine roots. Try to choose seedlings. Small seedlings have stronger rooting ability and higher survival rate than big seedlings. As long as they are not in a hurry to get better greening effect soon, they should be used. Planting should be timely, that is, the trimmed camphor tree seedlings should be planted immediately. If the transportation distance is far away, the root pile should be wrapped with wet grass and plastic film to keep it moist. The best planting time is before 1l in the morning or after 16 in the afternoon, but in winter, just avoid the coldest days. Planting holes shall be excavated according to general technical regulations. Base fertilizer should be applied at the bottom of the hole, and a fine soil cushion should be laid. Planting soil should be loose and fertile. Remove the topdressing of camphor tree seedlings, pay attention to planting seedlings in the planting hole (pay attention to the ornamental surface of the tree), then fill the soil and insert it, and continue to fill the top of the hole. Finally, make a cofferdam around the seedlings to stop water.
irrigate
After planting camphor seedlings, water them immediately. For camphor tree seedlings with soil balls, stir the soil around the tree hole with iron bars or wooden sticks to fill it with water. Be careful not to damage the earth cofferdam when injecting water. The earth cofferdam should be filled with water, so that the water can slowly soak the planting holes. In order to further improve the survival rate of colonization, auxin can be added to the irrigated water to stimulate the growth of new roots. Naphthylacetic acid is usually used as auxin. Firstly, the powdered naiacetic acid was dissolved in a small amount of alcohol, and then mixed with clean water to prepare an irrigation solution with a concentration of 200mg/kg, which was used as 1 root-fixing water for irrigation. The newly transplanted camphor tree crown has been trimmed by two thirds, the leaves have been reduced by 90%, the root system has been damaged, and the water absorption capacity is very weak, so as long as the soil is kept moist. If the soil moisture content is too large, it will greatly affect the permeability of soil, but will inhibit root respiration. If the water is accumulated for a long time, it will lead to root rot and seriously affect root growth. Therefore, attention should be paid to ventilation and drainage holes during planting. However, 1 water it thoroughly, and water it carefully according to the weather and soil quality in the future, okay? If you don't do it or water it, you can pour it right away? Principle, at the same time prevent surface water system from dripping into the roots too much. On the other hand, to prevent water accumulation in tree holes after rain, it is necessary to check the drainage and ventilation facilities every day, and remove them in time when any blockage or water accumulation is found, so as to ensure that the roots of trees are free from water accumulation and drought. When the temperature drops below zero centigrade. Water spraying should be stopped at the root of the soil ball, and when the conditions are ripe (the maximum temperature rises above 5"C), generally every 5? Moisten the leaves with water at noon for 7 days.
decrease
Before planting, the roots should be sorted out, and the broken roots, dead roots and rotten roots should be cut off. Chopped taproots without fine roots; The crown of the tree should also be trimmed. Generally, 1/3- 1/2 of all branches and leaves should be cut off, so that the transpiration area of the crown is greatly reduced. Seedlings with soil balls don't need root pruning, just crown pruning. When pruning. We can cut off 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the canopy with leaves, and reduce the water loss of the whole tree by greatly reducing the leaf area, but keep the basic tree shape to speed up the landscaping. Achieve greening effect as soon as possible.
thermal insulation