"Drink? Fifth, it mainly describes the carefree mood of the poet after he left his official post and returned to his hometown, which reflects Tao Yuanming's attitude and experience in life, who is determined to abandon the muddy secular fame, return to nature, revel in nature and even step into the realm of "getting carried away". The following is "Drinking" compiled by Bian Xiao? Fifth, welcome to share the original text and translation.
"Drink? Fifth, the original text and translation 1
"Drink? V. Original text:
Tao Yuanming [Wei and Jin Dynasties]
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
"Drink? Fifth, translation:
Building a house in a place where people come and go will not be disturbed by secular communication.
Ask me why. As long as I aim high, I will naturally feel that my place is secluded.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely, Nanshan in the distance comes into view.
In the evening, the scenery of Nanshan is very good, the fog lingers between the peaks and the birds return together.
It contains the true meaning of life. Want to distinguish clearly, but forget how to express.
"Drink? The fifth part appreciation:
At the beginning of the poem "Building a house on earth, but no chariots and horses", the author says that although he lives on earth, he has no secular communication to disturb him. What worries people who have no cars or horses? Because "the heart is far away from itself", as long as the heart can get rid of the shackles of the secular, even in a noisy environment, it is like living in a secluded place. Tao Yuanming's early years were full of the ideal of making contributions, and he went to the official position several times only to realize his ambition of saving the world. But when he saw that "Zhen Feng died, it was a great prosperity", the officialdom was turbulent and sinister, secular fraud and corruption, and the whole society was corrupt and dark, he chose the road of leading an honest and clean life, living in seclusion in the countryside and devoting himself to self-financing. These four sentences, "Building a house depends on human feelings", are written about his feelings after getting rid of the interference of secular environment. The so-called "distant mind" means that the mind does not care about the field of fame and fortune, and love is not the door of the powerful, but beyond the worldly customs. Because these four sentences have profound meanings and deep feelings, the predecessors marveled at their "exquisite literary talent".
"What can I ask you? The "far heart" in the "far heart" is to stay away from the officialdom, to go further, to stay away from the secular and to be free from vulgarity. Rejecting the socially recognized value scale and exploring where the author establishes the basic point of life involves Tao Yuanming's philosophical thought. This kind of philosophy can be called "natural philosophy", which not only includes a self-cultivation and family-oriented lifestyle, but also deepens the unity and harmony between human life and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, man not only exists in society and the relationship between people, but more importantly, every individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, directly faces the whole nature and universe.
If these principles are written directly, poetry will become a paper. So the author just puts philosophy in the image. The poet picked chrysanthemums at will in his garden, and occasionally looked up to see Nanshan. According to the law of the ancients in China, "leisurely seeing Nanshan" can be interpreted as "leisurely seeing Nanshan" or "leisurely seeing Nanshan". Therefore, this kind of "leisure" belongs not only to people, but also to mountains. People are leisurely and comfortable, and the mountains are quiet and lofty. At that moment, it seemed that there was a melody emanating from people's hearts and mountains, which had the same meaning and merged into a light music.
"Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely see Nanshan. These four sentences describe the poet's carefree expression of the spiritual world and natural scenery after his retirement. Picking chrysanthemums in Dongli, occasionally looking up and seeing Nanshan. In the evening, the scenery of Nanshan is very good, the fog lingers between the peaks and the birds return together. The poet thought of his seclusion from the beautiful scenery of Nanshan and realized the philosophy of returning to simplicity. Birds come and go in the evening, and the mountain is their home; I have been away from home many times, and finally I will return to the countryside, which is also my home. The poet once wrote in "Come home to Xi Ci": "Clouds come out of the hole unintentionally, and birds know it when they are tired of flying. "He takes larks as a metaphor, and the clouds are unintentional, just as he has no intention of being an official; Birds are tired of flying, just as I hate officialdom and hide. The two sentences of "birds are in harmony" in this poem are exactly the same as the two sentences of "returning to Xi Ci".
The ancients spoke highly of the phrase "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge". Zhang Jie said, "Under the hedge, you can see Nanshan leisurely." This kind of scenery is invisible at present, and it is not a state of leisure and tranquility. This taste is beyond our reach. "So, what is Jason's" taste "? Why do you say "this taste is out of reach"? As we know, Tao's poems are simple and natural, so the word "plain" is often used by predecessors to summarize his poetic style. The plainness of Tao poetry comes from "group beauty", which is plain and interesting, light and tasteful. This seemingly plain but mellow feature is actually a higher artistic realm and a well-known ability. Zhang Jie's "taste" is the mellow charm of Tao poetry. There are many reasons why this charm is out of reach. Leaving aside the conditions of literary accomplishment and artistic ability, we can say that this charm can only be written by a poet like Tao Yuanming who is unwilling to follow the fashion and make waves, that is to say, only a person with a far-sighted and "carefree" mood can write it.
"That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say." At the end of the poem, the poet said that he realized the interest of life from the beautiful scenery of nature and showed a pure and natural calm state of mind. "Here" in the poem can be understood as here and now (by the fence in autumn night) or as the whole country life. The so-called "forgetting words" actually means that a beautiful and leisurely pastoral life is your real life, and the joy of this life can only be understood, unspeakable and unspeakable. This fully embodies the poet's noble character of being poor, being happy and inspiring. These two sentences say that there is the true meaning of life here. I want to distinguish it, but I forget how to express it in words. Generally speaking, "forgetting words" means that you don't know what language to use to express it, but you can only understand it and can't explain it. "The most affectionate words are silent", the word "truth" is emphasized here, and it is pointed out that resigning and retiring is the true meaning of life.
This poem mainly describes the poet's carefree state of mind after leaving his official post and returning to his hometown, and reflects Tao Yuanming's life attitude and experience that he is determined to abandon the muddy secular fame and return to nature, revel in nature and even step into the realm of "getting carried away". This poem takes "far" as the program and reveals the connotation of "far" in three layers. The first four sentences are about "human condition" and the emptiness and forgetfulness that the spirit transcends the secular. Four sentences are written about the materialized selflessness of looking at the surrounding scenery and immersed in the natural charm. The last two sentences go further, writing "heart", and in the process of confusing things with me, I realized the unspeakable meaning of life. The artistic conception of this poem, from emptiness to oblivion, to materialization and forgetting words, is the most profound and full embodiment of Tao Yuanming's philosophy of natural life and poetic style of returning to nature after his retirement. Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth": "Without me, we look at things by things, and we don't know what I am and what things are." This poem is the representative work of Tao Yuanming's "The Land Without Me".
"Drink? V. Creation background:
This poem was written in 4 17 AD, the twelfth year after the poet returned to the field, just before the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The author was filled with emotion, and wrote lofty aspirations by drowning his worries in wine.
About the author:
Tao Yuanming (about 365~427), with a clear word, changed his name to Qian in his later years, and his word was profound and clear. Mr. Wu Liu, nicknamed Mr. Jingjie, is called Mr. Jingjie. Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. An outstanding poet, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Liu Song Dynasty. Known as "the Sect of Hermit Poets" and "the originator of pastoral poetry". He is the first literary master in Jiangxi. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.
"Drink? Fifth, the original text and translation 2
original text
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
To annotate ...
1 build a house: build a house. Habitat: the place where human beings live.
2 "Ask the gentleman" sentence: set as a question and answer sentence, which means that the mind is far away from the world, although in a noisy environment, it is like living in a remote place. Jun: Tao Yuanming claimed to be.
Er: So, so.
4 "Mountain Sky" two sentences: It means that the mountains are beautiful in the evening, and the birds return together. Good evening. Good evening. Phase, intersection and companionship.
The meaning of this sentence is that it contains the true meaning of life, and I want to identify it, but I forget how to express it in words.
6 carefree: complacent. Nanshan: refers to Lushan Mountain. Seeing the mountains and scenery, knowing each other because of picking chrysanthemums, is the most beautiful thing.
translate
Living on the earth, there is no noise of horses and chariots.
You ask me how this happened. My heart is pure and my land is still.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely, the distant Nanshan reflects people's eyes.
The mountains are dense, the sun is setting, the scenery in the evening is really good, and there are birds, which come together.
How many tastes to express, to explain, but forget the language.
author
Tao Yuanming (365? ~427), also known as Qian, with bright characters, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (near Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Tao Yuanming lived in a very complicated political environment at the turn of Jin and Song Dynasties. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was a fu master in the Jin Dynasty. My grandfather was a satrap, and my father probably had a lower official position. He died in Tao Yuanming's childhood. In a society that attaches importance to the door, the status of Taoists is different from that of gentry such as Wang and Xie, but it is also different from humble. Tao Kan, who was born in poverty, was ridiculed as a "villain" and regarded as a person with usurper ambition. It is conceivable that the political situation of his descendants is quite embarrassing.
Make an appreciative comment
Tao Yuanming is a descendant of Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was only in his generation that the family declined. He became an official at the age of 29. For more than ten years, after several advances and retreats, the official position was uncertain. He has served as Jiangzhou wine offering ceremony, Zhenjiang soldier and Pengze county official. He has been an official for some time, and his backer is not hard, but his temper is particularly arrogant and he can't play the trick of gaining in officialdom. Finally, because of his ambition, he refused to bring disgrace to oneself and went along with the gentry. He took office in pengze county only for more than 80 days, and decided to resign and retire with a gesture of "bending over backwards". Since then, he has lived in seclusion for a long time. A group of 20 poems "Drinking", written at the beginning of his retirement, generally expressed the pleasure of drunkenness and his perception of life. This is one of the most famous songs.
People living in the world must always find the value of life, otherwise they will be in anxiety and anxiety. And society always has a set of accepted values, which most people take as the basis of their lives. In the era of Tao Yuanming, power, status and reputation were the main values. However, through his own experience, Tao Yuanming has deeply understood that in order to get all this, he must try his best to gain a foothold, strive for it, put on airs, brag and flatter, and be sexual and indispensable. There is no dignity here. Since he is willing to retire from the officialdom, he must deny the socially recognized value scale and find a new explanation for his life.
The first four sentences of this poem are an attitude of avoiding the world, that is, a denial of power and fame. At the beginning, I said that although my residence was built in an environment where people came and went, I couldn't hear the noise of cars and horses. The so-called "noisy chariots and horses" refers to the crowded scene of people with status. Tao Yuanming is also a descendant of the nobility, but he has nothing to do with those who rise and fall in the secular world, and he is left out in the cold. It's a little strange, so ask yourself: how can you do this? Then it comes down to the core of these four sentences-"The heart is far away from itself." Spiritually, the world has adopted a distant, detached and indifferent attitude towards this fame and fortune, and the place where you live will naturally become secluded. Telecentrism is a deviation from the track of social life, which will inevitably lead to the deviation of people running around on this track.
Then, excluding the social value scale, where can people establish the basic point of survival? This involves Tao Yuanming's philosophical thought. This philosophy can be called "natural philosophy". On the one hand, it emphasizes self-cultivation and self-sufficiency, on the other hand, it attaches importance to the unity and harmony between man and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, people not only exist in society and the relationship between people, but more importantly, every individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, exists in the face of the whole nature and universe. From the origin, human life is a part of nature. It is only because people separate themselves from nature and compete and pursue in illusory power and fame and fortune that life is full of anxiety and contradictions. Therefore, a perfect life can only be achieved by returning to nature.
These truths, if written directly in poetry, become papers; Real poetry is expressed through images. So in the next four sentences, the author still writes about human activities and natural landscapes, and puts philosophy in images. The poem says that I picked chrysanthemums at random in the garden, looked up inadvertently, and my eyes happened to meet Nanshan (Lushan). "Seeing Nanshan leisurely" is not only a light and leisurely state of people, but also a quiet and comfortable feeling of mountains. It seems that at that moment, a melody with the same meaning emanates from people's hearts at the same time, reaching its peak and merging into a light music. The Nanshan Mountain that we can see is surrounded by a mist. Under the setting sun, it is indescribable beauty, and flocks of birds are flying back to the mountains together. This is the peace and perfection of nature, and it will not be as anxious as people in the secular world, so desperately pursuing things other than life. The poet seems to have completely melted into nature, and life reached a perfect state at that moment.
The last two sentences are the summary of the whole poem: here you can feel the true meaning of life, but you can't find the right language to express it. Practical meaning refers to the harmony between man and nature, which is basically a feeling of life, and logical language is not enough to express its exquisiteness and completeness.
Most of Tao Yuanming's poems are literal and easy to understand. But the connotation is deep and needs to be experienced repeatedly. For young people, there are many things that I am afraid need rich life experience to really understand.
The first four sentences, in the form of questions and answers, reveal a common and interesting life phenomenon-"the mind is far away from itself". The phrase "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence" comes from "keeping your heart away from yourself". It is said that when picking chrysanthemums in Dongli, I accidentally saw Nanshan, so my eyes shook and I was attracted by the beautiful scenery of Nanshan in the evening. While creating the humanistic environment of the house, picking chrysanthemums; Being in Dongli, but fascinated by Nanshan, the whole theme is always expressing the word "far". The "true meaning" of the last two sentences is here, and so is "forgetting words". The so-called "true meaning" is actually the self-satisfied life interest brought by Ren Zhen's "heartbeat"; The so-called "forgetting words" means that in Tao Yuanming's view, there are always some people who are in favor of the situation, and people who are in cahoots can't appreciate this kind of life interest!
Artistic feature
Plain and mellow, the fusion of situational theory.
The first and second sentences generally describe the living environment of the poet. The situation revealed in the second sentence is a rare exception in the first sentence, so the word "he" is used as a firm turning point. Naturally leads to the last two sentences. In three or four sentences, the reasons for enjoying leisure alone in the "humanistic environment" are revealed by asking each other.
The first four sentences are integrated with things, revealing the poet's calm mood. Five to eight sentences describe the process of picking chrysanthemums in detail, and write your mood with what you see and hear and what you feel in the scene.
The phrase "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" is not only a description of scenery, but also a lyric, which combines the poet's indifferent state of mind with the beautiful environment and has always been rated as "quiet" and "far", which is praised by future generations. "The mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are coming back every day" is a scene, but what emerges from the scene is the poet's self-satisfaction after retiring, and his feelings are integrated into the scene. The last two sentences of the poem, "There is true meaning in it, but I forgot the words when I tried to distinguish them", are direct lyricism, and "forgetting the words" permeates the poet's sincere love for seclusion. At the same time, it contains rich philosophy of life. The whole poem is full of scenes, reasonable, lingering and long aftertaste.
summary
This poem is a very good poem, and its beauty lies in the truth of feelings and the naturalness of everything. In particular, "Ask the monarch what he can, and his heart is far from being biased" and "His heart is far from being biased" are also enlightening to us today, that is, we live in such a very modern and noisy society today, and we can't live in seclusion in the mountains as we did in Tao Yuanming's time. In this very lively reality, as long as each of us stays away from some fame and fortune, some material pursuits and some secular officialdom, then the place where we live will become remote and our mood will become quiet. We will also overcome some impetuous emotions and make ourselves very quiet, which is very beneficial to our self-cultivation of life and social peace.