Original text Partridge, Zheng Gu, Warm play with smoke, Wu, brocade and wings, and good quality should be close to pheasant. The green grass passes by the lake in the dusk of rain, and the flowers fall and cry in the Huangling Temple. When a wanderer first hears that Zheng's sleeves are wet, the beauty sings with her green eyebrows low. The Xiangjiang River is wide and the bitter bamboo groves are deep and the sun is facing the west. Zheng Gu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, was known as "Zheng Partridge" because he "tasteed the partridge poems and warned them" ("The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty"). It can be seen how this partridge poem was recited at that time. Partridge, native to southern my country, looks like a female pheasant and is as big as a dove. Its sound is "Gou Lao Ge Zeng", which is believed to be very similar to "Brother who can't do it". Therefore, the ancients often used its sound to express the feeling of chasing away tourists. Zheng Gu's poem about the partridge does not focus on the resemblance in appearance, but focuses on expressing its charm. It is precisely this point that he firmly grasped when conceiving Luomo. Begin with a description of the partridge's habits, feather color and appearance. Partridges "are afraid of frost and dew by nature and want to come out sooner or later" (Cui Bao's "Annotations on Ancient and Modern Times"). "Nuan Xi Yan Wu Jin Yi Qi" begins with the word "warm", which expresses the habits of the partridges. The word "Jinyi" also highlights the colorful and eye-catching feathers of the partridge. In the poet's mind, the elegance of the partridge can even be ranked with the beautiful pheasant. Here, the poet did not give a detailed description of the image of the partridge, but made a finishing outline by describing its playful activities and comparing it with the pheasant, thus inspiring people's rich associations. The first couplet chants its shape, and the following couplets chant its sound. However, the poet did not simply copy the sound, but deliberately expressed the sad and sad sentiment caused by the sound. Qingcao Lake, also known as Baqiu Lake, is located in the southeast of Dongting Lake; Huangling Temple is located on the north side of Dongting Lake in Xiangyin County. Legend has it that Emperor Shun died in Cangwu during his southern tour. The second concubine went to war and drowned in the Xiangjiang River. Later generations built a temple on the side of the water, which is called the Huangling Temple. This area was also the place where Qu Yuan lived in history, so the migration of tourists here is most likely to trigger the worries of being a traveler. Such a special environment is enough to make people think and reverie, and the poet is also cast in a thick and sad atmosphere: the twilight rain and falling red patches. The Huangjiang River and Wild Temple are decorated with rain and fallen flowers, forming a melancholy and distant artistic conception, exaggerating a soul-breaking atmosphere. At this moment, the partridges, who are afraid of frost, dew and cold wind, cannot play freely, but can only cry sadly. However, "The green grass passes by the lake in the dusk, and the flowers fall and crow in the Huangling Temple", chanted repeatedly, it seems like a wanderer setting foot in a desolate and remote place, listening to the wail of partridges and feeling sad. The sound of partridges and the feeling of conquering people are completely blended together. The beauty of these two sentences lies in the charm of the partridge. The author has not imitated its voice or drawn its shape, but the readers seem to have heard its voice, seen its shape, and deeply felt its expression and charm. In this regard, Shen Deqian said with admiration: "The poems chanting things are not as expressive as the charm, and the three or four words are better than the 'hooks and grids'. Poets call Zheng Partridge this way" ("Tang Poems"), and these two sentences are right. The mystery of poetry. The fifth and sixth sentences seem to shift from partridges to writing about people. In fact, the sound of partridges is not separated from each sentence, and the inheritance is quite clever. "Wanderers first heard that Zheng's sleeves were wet" comes from the word "cry" in the previous sentence, and "beautiful people sing with green eyebrows low", which is also caused by the sound of partridges. What the beauty sang was undoubtedly the poem "Mountain Partridge", which was a sad tune imitating the sound of a partridge. Facing the falling flowers and dusk rain, the young woman in her boudoir misses her husband who has not returned from a long journey. She is so overwhelmed with emotion that she sings "Partridge in the Mountain". However, she can no longer control herself as soon as she expresses her voice. The poet chose two details: the wanderer sheds tears upon hearing the sound, and the beautiful lady frowns when singing, and emphasizes it with the two function words "cha" and "cai", which effectively highlights the sadness of the partridge's cry. In the poet's writing, the crow of the partridge has become the lovesickness song of the young woman in the high-rise building, and the heart-broken song of the wanderer in the world. Here, the sadness of humans and the cries of birds complement each other in reality and reality, each achieving its own perfection; and they complement each other and complement each other. The last couplet: "The Xiangjiang River corresponds to the broadness of the Xiangjiang River, and the deep grove of bitter bamboos faces the west." The poet's pen and ink are more complete. The sound of "Brother, I can't do it" echoes on the vast river. Is it a flock of partridges flying low, or is it echoing the "singing" and "hearing" of beautiful wanderers? This is quite imaginative. "The Xiangjiang River is broad" and "the sun faces west", which makes the sound of partridges more and more sad, and the scene becomes more and more cold. Those partridges that are afraid of the cold are busy looking for warm nests in the bitter bamboo bushes, but when will the wanderers walking alone by the river return to their hometown? The final chapter is about a far-off spirit. Although the words are exhausted, the meaning is endless, revealing the poet's heavy sorrow of homesickness while traveling. Jin Shengtan of the Qing Dynasty believed that the last sentence was "deeply influenced by Bixing" ("Selected Poems of Tang Talents by Shengtan"), which is very insightful. The poet tightly grasps the emotional connection between man and partridge, sings the partridge and focuses on conveying the charm, integrating the man and the partridge into one, and the conception is exquisite and meticulous. No wonder the world praises it as "Jingjue". Translation: Partridges were playing in the warm smoky wasteland, their colorful feathers were so neat; looking at their behavior, they were similar to the usually lively pheasants. When the sky is overcast and the rain is dripping, I pass by the green grassland on the southeast side of Baqiu Lake and Dongting Lake; the petals of Huangling Temple are falling, and I can only hear the cries of partridges. As soon as the guest in a foreign land heard the call, he couldn't help but raise his arms and let his tears wet his sleeves; as soon as the beautiful woman heard the call, she opened her mouth to sing a song of "Mountain Partridge" full of lovesickness, blue and black. His eyebrows drooped sadly. The cries of partridges are heard one after another on the broad Xiangjiang River, which is a blend of the feelings of people who are in the same unfortunate situation; the partridges are looking for a warm nest deep in the dense bamboo forest, and the sunset is about to set, bringing a sense of sadness and bitterness. Zheng Partridge Zheng Gu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, was known as "Zheng Partridge" because he "tasteed the partridge poems and was a warning" ("The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty"). It can be seen how this partridge poem was recited at that time. The word Shouyu.
Born in Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, he was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Zheng Gu was able to write poems at the age of 7, and "he started to write poems and chants when he was riding bamboo". Appreciation Partridge, native to southern my country, looks like a female pheasant and is as big as a dove. Its sound is "Gou Lao Ge Zeng", which is believed to be very similar to "Brother who can't do it". Therefore, the ancients often used its sound to express the feeling of chasing away tourists. Zheng Gu's poem about the partridge does not focus on the resemblance in appearance, but focuses on expressing its charm. It is precisely this point that he firmly grasped when conceiving Luomo. Begin by writing about the habits, feather color and appearance of the partridge. Partridges "are afraid of frost and dew by nature and want to come out sooner or later" (Cui Bao's "Annotations on Ancient and Modern Times"). "Nuan Xi Yan Wu Jin Yi Qi" begins with the word "warm", which expresses the habits of the partridges. The word "Jinyi" also highlights the colorful and eye-catching feathers of the partridge. In the poet's mind, the elegance of the partridge can even be ranked with the beautiful pheasant. Here, the poet did not give a detailed description of the image of the partridge, but made a finishing outline by describing its playful activities and comparing it with the pheasant, thus inspiring people's rich associations. The first couplet chants its shape, and the following couplets chant its sound. However, the poet did not simply copy the sound, but deliberately expressed the sad and sad sentiment caused by the sound. Qingcao Lake, also known as Baqiu Lake, is located in the southeast of Dongting Lake; Huangling Temple is located on the north side of Dongting Lake in Xiangyin County. Legend has it that Emperor Shun died in Cangwu during his southern tour. The second concubine went to war and drowned in the Xiangjiang River. Later generations built a temple on the side of the water, which is called the Huangling Temple. This area was also the place where Qu Yuan lived in history, so the migration of tourists here is most likely to trigger the worries of being a traveler. Such a special environment is enough to make people think and reverie, and the poet is also cast in a thick and sad atmosphere: the twilight rain and falling red patches. The Huangjiang River and Wild Temple are decorated with rain and fallen flowers, forming a melancholy and distant artistic conception, exaggerating a soul-breaking atmosphere. At this moment, the partridges, who are afraid of frost, dew and wind and cold, cannot play freely, but can only cry sadly. However, "The green grass passes by the lake in the dusk, and the flowers fall and crow in the Huangling Temple", chanted repeatedly, it seems like a wanderer setting foot in a desolate and remote place, listening to the wail of partridges and feeling sad. The sound of partridges and the feeling of conquering people are completely blended together. The beauty of these two sentences lies in the charm of the partridge. The author has not imitated its voice or drawn its shape, but the readers seem to have heard its voice, seen its shape, and deeply felt its expression and charm. In this regard, Shen Deqian said with admiration: "The poems chanting things are not as expressive as the charm, and the three or four words are better than the 'hooks and grids'. Poets call Zheng Partridge this way" ("Tang Poems"), and these two sentences are right. The mystery of poetry. The fifth and sixth sentences seem to be written about people instead of partridges. In fact, the sound of partridges is not separated from each sentence, and the inheritance is quite clever. "Wanderers first heard that Zheng's sleeves were wet" comes from the word "cry" in the previous sentence, and "beautiful people sing with green eyebrows low", which is also caused by the sound of partridges. What the beauty sang was undoubtedly the lyrics of "Mountain Partridge", which was a sad tune imitating the sound of a partridge. Facing the falling flowers and dusk rain, the young woman in her boudoir misses her husband who has not returned from a long journey. She is so overcome with emotion that she sings a song "Partridge in the Mountain". However, she can no longer control herself as soon as she expresses her voice. The poet chose two details: the wanderer sheds tears upon hearing the sound, and the beautiful lady frowns when she sings, and emphasizes it with the two function words "cha" and "cai", which effectively highlights the sadness of the partridge's cry. In the poet's writing, the crow of the partridge has become the lovesickness song of the young woman in the high-rise building, and the heart-broken song of the wanderer in the world. Here, the sadness of human beings and the cry of birds complement each other in reality and reality, each achieving its own perfection; and they complement each other and bring out the best in each other. The last couplet: "The Xiangjiang River echoes with the broadness of the Xiangjiang River, and the bitter bamboo groves are deep and the sun faces the west." The poet's pen and ink are more complete. The sound of "Brother, I can't do it" echoes on the vast river. Is it a flock of partridges flying low, or is it echoing the "singing" and "hearing" of the beautiful wanderer? This is quite imaginative. "The Xiangjiang River is broad" and "the sun faces west", which makes the sound of partridges more and more sad, and the scene becomes more and more cold. Those partridges that are afraid of the cold are busy looking for a warm nest in the bitter bamboo bushes, but when will the wanderers walking alone by the river return to their hometown? The final chapter is about a distant spirit. Although the words are exhausted, the meaning is endless, revealing the poet's heavy sorrow of homesickness while traveling. Jin Shengtan of the Qing Dynasty thought that the last sentence was "deeply influenced by Bixing" ("Shengtan Selected and Criticized the Poems of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty"), which was very insightful. The poet tightly grasps the emotional connection between man and partridge, sings the partridge and focuses on conveying the charm, integrating the man and the partridge into one, and the conception is exquisite and meticulous. No wonder the world praises it as "Jingjue". The partridge is a wild bird in southern my country. It is like a chicken and small. Its feathers are mostly black and white, especially the eye-like white spots on its back, chest and abdomen. It often lives in bushes and sparse areas. In the mountains and fields of trees, the trees on the top of the mountains are always singing. Volume 48 of "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Partridges are afraid of frost and dew, and rarely come out in the morning and evening. They roost at night and cover themselves with wood leaves. They have many pairs of crows, and today the common saying is that they can't walk." The ancients lamented that the world was difficult, When writing about parting and sorrow, one often expresses joy by the crow of partridges. This famous poem about partridges by Zheng Gu of the Tang Dynasty also focuses on expressing the sad and sorrowful cries of partridges to express the homesickness of wanderers. Therefore, Jin Shengtan of the Qing Dynasty called it "a profound legacy of Bixing" ("Selected Reviews of Shengtan"). Poems of the Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty"). The first couplet of the poem describes the habits and physical characteristics of the partridge. "Warm play, mist, lush and brocade wings are neat" means that this kind of bird likes to play in the warm wilderness, and its feathers are bright, beautiful and neat. Which bird is this bird more similar to? "The quality should be close to the pheasant" and should be similar to the pheasant in terms of category. Except for the title of this poem, there is no word "partridge" in the poem. However, from the description in the first couplet, readers can already see or guess that it is chanting partridge, not cicada or lone wild goose. .
The couplet "Passing by the green grass lake in the dusk, the flowers fell and cried in the Huangling Temple", uses "rain dusk" and "flowers falling" to dye the environment, forming a melancholy and sad atmosphere; and the "green grass lake" and "Huangling Temple" can even more vividly evoke It reminds readers of historical legends such as Qu Zi Huaisha and Xiang Fei Weeping Bamboo. Qingcao Lake, also known as Baqiu Lake, is located in the southeast of Dongting Lake. Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu State, was slandered and resigned from his post. He wandered in this area for a long time, and finally drowned himself in the Miluo River with sand and gravel in his arms. Huangling Temple is the temple of Emperor E and Nvying. According to legend, Emperor Shun was on a tour to the south and was buried in Cangwu Mountain. The two concubines pursued him here and drowned in the Xiangjiang River with their tears stained with bamboo. Later generations built a temple to worship their ancestors on Huangling Mountain by the Dongting Lake. This is the Huangling Temple. When a wanderer hears the crow of partridges in the ancient temple by the lake at dusk in the rain and the flowers are falling, he will definitely feel the sadness and sorrow of its sound. Shen Deqian of the Qing Dynasty commented on these two sentences and said: "The poetry of chanting things is not as expressive as the charm, and the three or four sentences are better than 'Goutaogeze' (like the cry of a partridge, referring to Li Qunyu of the Tang Dynasty's "Jiuzipo Heard the Partridge") "I am walking through a winding and rugged road, and I hear the sound of hooks, pottery and rattles". Poets call this "Zheng Partridge"." (Volume 16 of "Tang Poems") Neck couplet "When a wanderer first hears that Zheng's sleeves are wet, a beautiful person "Singing green eyebrows are low" closely follows the word "cry" in the previous sentence. As soon as the wanderer heard the crow of the partridge, he couldn't help wiping his tears with his sleeve. As soon as the young woman in the boudoir started singing, the crow of the partridge was heard, and she was so sad that her eyebrows lowered. The two empty words "Zha" and "Cai" express the touching feeling of the partridge's cry. "Zheng Xiu Wet" and "Green eyebrows are low" use human feelings to express the sadness of the partridge's cry. The last couplet, "The Xiangjiang River is broad and the bitter bamboo grove is deep and the sun is facing the west." It goes back to the male and female partridges calling each other. "Call to each other" not only expresses the characteristics of the partridges' crows in response to each other, but also alludes to the spiritual calling of wanderers and beauties. As the sun set in the west, male and female partridges came from the bitter bamboo bushes on both sides of the Xiangjiang River, calling and answering each other, as if calling "Brother, I can't do it!" How could it not arouse the strong nostalgia of travel among tourists? When the poet sings about the partridge, he does not use the main words to describe its appearance or imitate its cry, but focuses on expressing the feelings of its cry, which is more vivid. The partridge's cry evokes poetic sentiments. The partridge is an inconspicuous bird, but because its cry is unique and resembles the "brother who cannot do it", which is quite sad, it often evokes the poets' feelings of separation and farewell. Express feelings of sorrow and emotion. For example, Li Yi's "Partridge Ci" says: "The branches of bamboo are mottled in the Xiangjiang River, and partridges are flying with golden wings. The Xiangyun clouds are closing everywhere, where does the man return from?" It is written in the words of a woman, and the thoughts of missing her husband are deeply emotional. As far as the author knows, some famous writers in the Tang Dynasty wrote many poems about partridges. Even Li Bai, the immortal poet, also wrote a poem called "Partridge Ci". One of Han Yu's "Two Chapters of Late Xuanxi Quatrains" is very emotional: "Shaozhou goes south to meet Xuanxi, the clouds and water are vast and the sun turns to the west. The tears of the guests fall by themselves first, and the partridges stop crying in their ears. "Being relegated to a foreign country, how can you still withstand the "crowding in your ears" of partridges in a situation where "the guests shed tears for many times"? In the Tang Dynasty, there were three poems called "Partridge Flying" that were very wonderful and full of emotion. Let's first look at Luo Ye's "Partridges Flying": "It's good to be close to the green mountains and blue streams, and Erythrina moso and bamboo are waiting for two habitats. When the flowers are in bloom, it's sad to leave, so don't cry to the acacia tree." Then look at Cui Tu's "Partridges Flying". ": "When autumn enters the pond, the wind and dew are gentle, and at dawn I open the cage sill to watch the first flight. The golden feathers all over the body cannot be painted, where can the endless smoke and waves return?" What a "where to return", the love and care vividly appear on the paper. Li Ying's "Partridges Flying" is particularly vivid and delicate in its description: "When the beauties in the Jade House were cultivating scriptures, they released the carved cages for a long time. A wandering monk in Qin flicked his fingers, and the visitors from Chu City thought about returning again. The clear sky under the Gangtian opera The wind is warm, and the screams of the thatched trees are faintly reflected. There are snares in every house on the mountainside, so I don’t want to save my good sweater. "How reluctant to leave!" Li Qunyu's "Hearing Partridges on Jiuzi Slope" writes about the hardships of the expedition and the misery of hearing the sound: "The sun is falling on the vast autumn grass, and the partridges are crowing in the distance. People are walking in the distance. As we are walking on the winding and rugged road, we can hear the sound of hooks and drums. . The rain on the deep bank of the Gui River also blocked the return journey at Meiling. At this time, my heart was broken, and my begging to be released tonight was in vain. "Gu Kuang's "Listening to the Mountain Partridge" seems to be listening without sadness. If there is no spring wine at home, where can there be no spring birds? Staying in Peach Blossom Village at night, singing to catch the dawn. "Look, even if you are not sad, you will feel bored even if you keep singing all night long, right?" The one that is most praised by the world is the seven rhymes of "Partridge" by Zheng Gu in the late Tang Dynasty: "The warm opera is full of smoke and the brocade wings are in full bloom, and the quality should be close to that of the pheasant. In the dusk of the rain, the green grass passes by the lake, and the flowers fall and sing in the Huangling Temple. . When the wanderer hears the news, his sleeves are wet, and the beauty sings with her green eyebrows low. The Xiangjiang River is wide and the bitter bamboo bushes are deep, and the sun is facing the west. "The greatest feature of this poem is that it combines the sound of the partridge with the wanderer's feelings. It chants both birds and people, and the sound is clear when read, and the aftertaste of tasting is endless. Therefore, Xin Wenfang, a Yuan man, praised it as "Jingjue" in "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty", and Zheng Gu was also called "Zheng Partridge" because of this poem. Although there are many partridge poems written after the Tang Dynasty, there are not many famous works. "Smell the Partridge" written by Zhang Yong of the Song Dynasty is a better one: "I have heard the song in the painting, which is either sad or broken. Guests from the north and the south have not hidden their hearts, and several echoes echo in the front village." Xin Qiji's The lower part of the work "Bodhisattva Man", which is known as the "loud boring mandarin", is even more famous: "The green mountains cannot cover it, and it flows eastward after all. The river is worried at night, and partridges can be heard deep in the mountains." Xin Ci The brilliance of this song lies in the fact that he used the sound of partridges to express his patriotism, which has never been done before. "Mountain Partridge" by Liu Ji of the Ming Dynasty is a mixture of lyricism and discussion in the description, which is worth reading: "The rain and mud are on the yellow grass ridge, and the sun is low on the Bamboo Ridge. It is impossible for pedestrians to walk, so don't teach the empty hate partridge "Hearing the Partridge" written by You Dong of the Qing Dynasty is similar to Liu Ji in terms of writing concept: "In the sound of partridges, the sun is setting in the west, and the heads of soldiers are all low on the road. They can't walk in the mountains, and they are working hard for whom." cry.
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