Reading teaching is the basic class type of junior middle school Chinese classroom teaching, which plays a very important role in the whole junior middle school Chinese teaching. In the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education, the provisions on reading teaching are the most important, changeable and innovative. However, the current situation is that reading teaching has not received due attention and has not played its due role. This paper expounds how to improve the effectiveness of Chinese reading teaching, which is an urgent problem to be solved in junior middle school Chinese teaching.
First, the current junior high school Chinese reading teaching problems
Reading can improve intelligence and nourish nature. However, judging from the current situation of junior high school Chinese teaching, students' reading is generally in a passive, random, disorderly and inefficient state. This is not only related to the cultivation of students' reading ability, but also related to the improvement of students' writing ability and even Chinese ability and quality. As far as junior high school reading teaching is concerned, the main problems at present include:
(A) reading teaching steps are too stylized
Nowadays, Chinese reading teaching is mainly based on trivial analysis, which dismembers a beautiful text. Teachers don't lead students to chew words, taste language and feel emotions, and the charm and aura of language and words naturally disappear. For example, when analyzing a novel, some teachers don't pay attention to the aura of words, but the ingenuity of the layout. The prepared people have humanistic connotation, but simply dismember the whole plot into several parts and impose some trivial knowledge points and abstract symbols on students by rote. In the teachers' boring explanations and tedious analysis, the students gradually blurred the original perceived complete plot and image and replaced them with something worthless. Such repeated classroom teaching certainly inhibits students' interest in learning Chinese. This stylized teaching is not conducive to the formation of students' self-study ability, affects the normal development of students' digestion and absorption function, and therefore stifles students' independent thinking, inhibits and weakens students' creativity and affects students' interest in learning Chinese.
(B) reading teaching methods are too formal
With the progress of the times and the development of science and technology, the teaching method has gradually changed from traditional blackboard writing teaching to multimedia teaching. It is true that the correct and appropriate use of multimedia in teaching is conducive to changing students' learning methods, stimulating students' interest in learning and making students willing to participate. However, some teachers regard the use of multimedia teaching methods as a fashion and a pursuit standard, and some experts and teaching and research personnel regard whether teachers use multimedia teaching methods in the process of teaching observation as the standard of whether to use modern teaching methods and evaluate the quality of the second classroom teaching. This is a misunderstanding today.
It is under the above misconceptions that in reading teaching, the mouse replaces chalk, the screen replaces blackboard, and the announcer replaces the teacher. In each class, the teacher pursues exquisite and changeable multimedia courseware with different colors, which will inevitably lead to the neglect of the main body and usurp the role of the host. Students feel that they are watching the teacher act with multimedia in class, thus losing their due guiding role in class. The end result will only lead to the latest scientific and technological means to restrain fresh ideas. As we all know, the visualization of reading teaching is mainly reflected in the internal image of the text, the image of teachers' teaching language and the image of students' thinking.
Not just a few pictures. What teachers need to do is to start students' thinking, not just visual senses. The abuse of multimedia teaching actually limits the imagination of the most wonderful realm of literature. Therefore, too many multimedia courseware designs not only fail to help students understand, but also interfere with effective reading teaching, making reading teaching a mere formality and failing to play the due role and value of a truly modern teaching method.
(C) Reading lesson plans is too artistic
Some junior high school Chinese teachers are overly superstitious about teaching design and teaching plan writing norms. The writing and design of lesson plans can be described as flawless and impeccable. Even the students' expressions and ideas are designed one by one. The fly in the ointment is that these are almost all teachers' assumptions, even whimsical. In teaching, the whole classroom is like a lesson plan copier, which ignores or even determines the complexity and difference of the real classroom. Under such circumstances, students have no time to participate in the reading of the text at all, and are bound by a series of questions and experiences designed by the teacher. It can be said that they are dancing in chains and leaving the so-called new classroom. In fact, teachers are still following the old ways, using textbooks and teaching references to unify the classroom and students' thoughts. Investigate the reasons. To a great extent, this is because teachers fail to grasp the concept of the new curriculum and forget the fundamentals of reading teaching, or are too idealistic and forget the truth. Too many presuppositions and neglect of generation are not conducive to reading teaching, to the cultivation and improvement of students' reading ability, and are also incompatible with the requirements of the new curriculum reform, reflecting the problem that the design of teaching plans is too artistic.
Second, how to improve the effectiveness of junior high school Chinese reading teaching
(A) create a situation to stimulate students' interest in reading
There are various ways to get into this situation. In this respect, it should be said that the application of multimedia in teaching has unique advantages. Because make full use of multimedia to appreciate the scenery again. It can effectively supplement the lack of students' original experience. For example, teaching Chekhov's Chameleon, if students don't know clearly the characteristics of the chameleon, an animal that will change color with the change of environment, it is impossible to really understand the pity and sadness in Ralph's character, and the understanding of the characters can only stay at a ridiculous level.
A video about the chameleon in nature can quickly help students understand why Ralph is called the chameleon. Another example is how to make students feel the historical background of Zheng Chouyu's poem Rain. How to make students feel the love of rain for children at that time? At this time, we can show some clips of spring rain to students, and at the same time show some movies about children shortly after the Cultural Revolution disaster, which will help students understand the author's writing background and appreciate the love in poems. This kind of scene is vivid and informative, which can effectively stimulate students' interest in reading and make them enter a positive learning state.
(B) according to the teaching objectives, strengthen classroom innovation.
Rich teaching forms and means are conducive to improving the effectiveness of Chinese teaching. In reading teaching, the following different classes can be designed: reading aloud, learning instruction, literature appreciation, activities, accumulation, overall perception, independent reading, thinking training, inquiry, unit combination and so on. Of course, the design of class type should be based on teaching objectives and focus on the key and difficult points of classroom teaching. For example, like Variations on the Stars by Mr. He Jiang, we can adopt reading class and literature appreciation class. In the face of articles such as Dedication and Happiness well demonstrated by Mr. Liang Qichao, we can take thinking training classes and inquiry classes, and if time permits, we can also organize students to have a small debate.
Of course, there is no fixed teaching method, and teachers can creatively adopt one or several different classes according to different needs to achieve ideal teaching goals. For example, when studying the article "Fan Jinzhong Drama", teachers can design the classroom as a textbook-style drama performance, so that students can combine themselves and then perform. Because everyone's performance style is different, each group's performance is unique. Through this performance, students can strengthen their grasp of the psychology of Jin Fan and other characters at that time. Chinese teaching is an art, and reading teaching is an art in art.
The modes are varied and flexible, and can be designed and selected according to different teaching contents, teaching purposes, teaching objects and conditions, but no matter which mode, its purpose is the same, that is, taking students as the main body. As a teacher, we should pay attention to students' personal emotional experience, respect students' unique feelings, and guide and inspire students to actively read and think; Let the students feel the work attentively and have a * * * voice with the author; Let the students read their personalities and themselves.
(C) cultivate students' habit of reading accumulation
Thick accumulation and thin hair. Mr. Ye Shengtao also said that reading is the basis of writing. In Chinese teaching, we should pay attention to cultivating students' habit of accumulating Chinese knowledge. Without the accumulation of Chinese knowledge, the improvement of Chinese reading ability will become a rootless tree. On the basis of careful selection, Chinese teachers should increase the number of words that students must be able to read, write and use.
Teachers should also guide students to collect vocabulary in and out of class for a long time. Cultivate students' habit of frequently extracting and taking reading notes. Abstraction is an effective method of reading accumulation. Persistently doing this work well will broaden students' knowledge and improve reading efficiency. It's a bit difficult to take reading notes, so help students start with something simple. For example, writing comments, writing experiences, making comments, etc. And then learn to take reading notes. Make sure that students understand the importance of taking reading notes, because it can help us read and understand articles better.
In addition, teachers should require students to have good reading and reciting habits, and the basic requirements are accuracy, fluency and affection. Such persistent training can cultivate a good sense of language. A good sense of language can not only enhance the comprehension and skills of the article, but also promote the comparison between one's written language and the language in the reading materials and realize one's own shortcomings. Cultivating good reciting habits can not only exercise good memory and master rich knowledge, but also continuously improve and improve one's oral expression ability and cultural connotation of written language.
Extracurricular reading is an effective way for students to accumulate reading. When teachers recommend reading books for students, they should not only include A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, How Steel was Tempered, or Andersen's Fairy Tales, Aesop's Fables and other books. They should also recommend as many new books as possible that can reflect the real society and present the world today.
(D) Reading teaching should stimulate students' innovative thinking.
There are gaps in literary works, which can be filled by readers' imagination. It can be said that there are many blank spots in the article as many readers have different understandings. The process of Chinese reading teaching is a process of constantly filling blank points for students. The blank point in the text is simply the students' questions about the text, and it is also the key and difficult point in teaching. Teachers should help students fill these gaps in classroom teaching. Therefore, teachers should create various scenarios through various means to stimulate students' desire for re-creation, and teachers and students should work together to fill these gaps so that students can truly enjoy and experience literary works. When I was teaching Lu Xun's Kong Yiji, I read that his face was black and thin, and his figure was out of shape. When he was wearing a shabby jacket with his legs crossed and a bun under it, he consciously inspired the students to think: Why did Kong Yiji's gown disappear? Obviously, this problem is not directly explained in the article, but the author's questions made the classroom atmosphere quite active at that time. The students think positively and compete to fill in the blanks put forward by the teacher.
(5) Take students as the main body. Interaction between teachers and students. Optimize classroom teaching
In reading teaching, let students really become the main body of learning. Their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity will be better brought into play. The exertion of students' subjectivity depends on the effective interaction between teachers and students. Before the new class, teachers should give students enough time to use this time, or study together in the form of individuals or groups, dredge words, sort out new words and play word games; Students can set the learning goal of 1 ~ 2 for the text and make inquiries according to the goal. Students can also preset 1 ~ 2 questions to see which topics are valuable through group discussion or personal thinking, and write down the answers or indicate doubts. In class, teachers and students communicate with each other, set goals together and discuss valuable issues. If there are real difficulties, the teacher will give guidance. In this kind of teaching, if students can set questions and answer them, then the reading teaching objectives of this class will naturally become easy, and the key points and difficulties will be solved.
(6) organically combine reading, thinking, discussion and practice.
Reading should do the following two things. Guided by reading, we should read correctly and smoothly, read out the sense of language and feelings, and read out the students' own unique experience of the text. Teachers' reading guidance methods should be correct and flexible, and they should carefully design inspiring language, transitional language, paving language and prompting language to guide students to understand and feel the text in connection with their original knowledge and real life in repeated reading.
Thinking is thinking. Students are the subject of learning, not the container to receive knowledge. Therefore, in the process of reading guidance, we must stimulate their learning initiative and think positively. Therefore, teachers should arrange some time for students to think independently, and also design some valuable questions for students to think about. In class, we must guide students to ask questions, and use teachers' good questions to cultivate students who love and can ask questions. Asking questions is not only asking questions that students don't understand, but also mobilizing students' enthusiasm for learning; For teachers, it is not only a kind of investigation, but also a necessary link to integrate problems, determine and solve teaching difficulties.
Discussion is to discuss and communicate the understanding of the text content, and it is an effective method to cultivate students' thinking and expression ability. Teachers should make full use of classroom communication and group cooperative learning to encourage students to tell their unique experiences and express their different views.
Practice is to advocate more practice. Chinese is a very practical subject. Students must be given as many practical opportunities as possible. In recent years, in Chinese reading class, students pay more attention to the training of reading and speaking, while the training of writing has been weakened. In class, teachers should identify the language training points and training points of this course, and set appropriate exercises or pens for students to complete in class to deepen their understanding.
(seven) to carry out academic research. Improve teaching in a targeted way.
Students are the main body of learning, and students have the most say in teachers' teaching efficiency. To improve teaching efficiency, the biggest beneficiary is that students should change the situation that teaching and learning are out of touch. The most effective way is to study the learning situation. The specific methods can be: teachers discuss or talk with students regularly or irregularly, solicit students' opinions or suggestions on their own teaching work, listen to their demands, understand their confusion, then reflect, and then make plans to improve teaching. Of course, this step is more difficult to do, because students may not express their true thoughts in front of teachers, which requires teachers to communicate effectively with students artistically with an equal attitude and sincere attitude. Quality.