The wind blows gently,
Show all the golden light.
Who moved the cymbal Zheng to the jade pillar?
Full of hatred, erratic.
When the apricot blossoms,
A shower of sunny rain.
Deep sleep makes songbirds talk nonsense.
Fear, disability, dreaming, nowhere to be found.
Happy magpie stepping on branches (six songs withered near green trees)
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Time: Tang and Five Dynasties
Author: Feng Yansi
Works: stepping on magpies
Content:
Six songs lean against the green trees,
Liu Feng is light, showing golden thread.
Who moved the cymbal Zheng to the jade pillar,
The petrel through the curtain flew away in horror.
Eyes full of hairspring and falling flocs,
When the apricot blossoms, it will be sunny and rainy for a while.
Sleeping in silence,
Fear, disability, dreaming, nowhere to be found.
Brief analysis
For lovers who can't meet in real life, even a short dream can comfort their longing for lovesickness. But the dream is just a dream after all, and the taste of losing it after waking up is even worse. His mood disorder is even more imaginable! Therefore, whether it is bright spring or dripping rain, it has become a catalyst to provoke her bursts of melancholy.
Brief introduction of the author
Feng Yansi: (903-960), born in Guangling (present-day Yangzhou). In the early Song Dynasty, The Talk on Fishing Stones commented that he was "knowledgeable, incisive, and argumentative". As a poet, although he was influenced by Huajian Ci, he wrote more about the feelings of men and women parting from each other, but his style of ci was not as rich and elegant as Huajian Ci, which was characterized by sadness and euphemism, sometimes with a strong sentimental atmosphere, forming a kind of sadness and beauty. Its collection is called Yangchun Collection.
When the Southern Tang Dynasty was founded, because of his versatility, Li Bian, the late master, appointed him as the secretary lang and asked him to make friends with Prince Li Jing. Later, Li Jing became a marshal, and Feng Yansi was the secretary of Marshal's House. In the second year of Li Jing's accession to the throne, that is, his second year (944), he appointed Feng Yansi as a bachelor of Hanlin. In the fourth year of Baoda University (946), Feng Yansi finally ascended the throne of Prime Minister. The following year, Chen Jue and Lu dispatch troops of Yan Feng attacked Fuzhou, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and heavy losses. Excavate was furious and prepared to execute Chen Jue and Yan Feng Lu Junfa. In order to save his life, Feng Yansi resigned and was appointed as the Prince Taifu. In the sixth year of Baoda University (948), he served as my ambassador to Fuzhou. I stayed in Fuzhou for several years, and I didn't achieve anything. In the tenth year of Baoda University (952), it was promoted again.
During Yan Si's administration, he attacked Hunan first and returned with a crushing defeat. Later, Huainan was occupied by the Zhou Dynasty, Yan Feng was defeated and captured, and another prime minister, Sun Sheng, was killed by the Zhou Dynasty. In 958, Feng Yansi was forced to attack again. At that time, there was a fierce party struggle in the imperial court, and courtiers were divided into two factions, with Song, Li and Han Xizai as one side. After several failures, Li Jing made up his mind to eradicate party struggle. In 958, he wrote a letter to Song and Li. Song returned to Jiuhua Mountain and soon starved to death at home. And Li were forced to commit suicide. At this point, the Song Party was completely annihilated. Feng Yansi belongs to the Song Party, and he is safe and sound, which shows that Excavate has always trusted Feng Yansi, or it may be that Feng Yansi didn't do much evil. Two years later, in 960, Feng Yansi died at the age of 58. That is, this year, Zhao Kuangyin seized the world and established the Northern Song Dynasty. Another year (96 1), Li Jing died and Li Yu ascended the throne.
Feng Yansi's character, widely criticized, is often accused by political opponents as "treacherous and treacherous" (Wen Ying's Jade Pot and Flower Green, Volume 10) and "flattering and treacherous" (Lu You's biography of Southern Tang Dynasty and Feng Yansi). He is also called "Five Ghosts" with Wei Cen, Cha and Feng. Attacks by political opponents are inevitably exaggerated, but Feng Yansi's repeated accusations seem to be not groundless. Feng Yansi's political views and talents are really mediocre. For example, he once said, "My late master Li Bian lost a thousand teachers, and he was hungry and sighed for ten days and a half. How can an authentic Tian She Weng achieve great things in the world? In today's Lord (Li Jing), tens of thousands of troops are fighting outside, and they don't care, so they keep throwing banquets and fighting. This is the real hero. " According to Ma Ling's Biography of Feng Yansi in Southern Tang Dynasty, these remarks show that Feng Yansi is politically mediocre and absurd.
Like Li Jing and Li Yu, Feng Yansi is also versatile, which is also an important reason why Li Jing trusts him. Even his political opponents admire his talented articles. "Talking about Rock Fishing" records that Sun Sheng once accused Feng Yansi in person: "I know you have always looked down on me. The article is not as good as Jun, the skill is not as good as Jun, and the humor is not as good as Jun. "The Biography of Feng Yansi, a land tour in the Southern Tang Dynasty, records Sun Sheng's words as follows:" A magnificent pen is full of flowers, and ten students are not as good as you; Humorous songs and wine are not as good as jun; Flattery and deception are not as good as robbing you. "The two records use different words, but the meaning is the same. It seems that Feng Yansi is really talented, good at writing and humorous. Also, according to Talking about Fishing in the Rocky Mountains, Feng Yansi is particularly eloquent. His "free debate" is like torrential rain, which makes people forget to eat and sleep. "He also writes calligraphy. Pei Wenzhai's Book of Calligraphy and Painting lists the names of nineteen calligraphers in the Southern Tang Dynasty, including Feng Yansi's name. His poems are also very good, but only one has survived. However, what Feng Yansi is most famous and accomplished is Ci.
The characteristics of Feng Yansi's Ci can be summarized in four words: inheritance and innovation. The so-called "He" means that his ci has inherited the tradition of Huajian Ci, and his creative purpose is "to entertain guests and be happy", and his theme content is not beyond the scope of Huajian Ci, such as acacia, love between men and women, sadness in the Spring and Autumn Period and so on. The so-called "innovation" means that his ci has made breakthroughs and innovations on the basis of inheriting the tradition of Huajian ci.
For example, while expressing the suffering of lovesickness, Feng Yansi also permeated with a sense of anxiety about time and life. In his poems, he often laments that life is short, limited and time flies. Expressing the ephemeral consciousness of life worries has become a common theme in poetry. But in Ci, Feng Yansi used Ci for the first time to express this kind of life worry. Life is too short. I hope to fully enjoy the joy of love in my limited life and enjoy the joy of love in time during my short adolescence, but it happened that "there is more separation and less joy." There is a layer of short-term worry in the anguish of lovelorn, which not only strengthens the anguish of lovelorn, but also shows the tragedy of life, thus enriching the ideological connotation of Ci and enhancing its ideological realm.
The biggest feature of "sorrow" in Feng's ci is its uncertainty and obscurity. The sadness in his poems has a characteristic of transcending time and space and specific situations, which is vague and vague, but hidden. The "leisure" of sorrow in Feng's poems is often difficult to specify what kind of sorrow it is and why. For example, the "leisure" in the above-mentioned "Magpie Walking on the Moon" is hard to say what kind of feelings and worries it is. He just expressed his leisure and anxiety deeply and persistently. He couldn't throw it if he wanted to. He struggled, just like the Monkey King's hoop curse, and it was always wrapped in his heart. This feature is most prominent in his poem "Picking Mulberry Seeds". What the author wants to show is a kind of sadness and depression that is often unclear and unclear in life. A life trouble that may already exist and seems to be coming soon. The connotation and nature of suffering in Feng's poems can't be defined, which gives readers more freedom of association and has greater artistic tension. Reading Feng Ci will also be touched, but it needs association and deep thinking.
In art, Feng Yansi's ci also has its own characteristics. First, the space is relatively broad, and tenderness is often written in big places, such as "I will hate it far away and go to high buildings." The outflow of the cold river (more leakage); "Cold Spring Mountain is all around" ("Magpie Tread") and so on. The vast and boundless space realm shows the depth of melancholy. Second, he is good at using step-by-step lyric techniques to express the repressed lovesickness layer by layer. This is what the ancients called the "deep" method, and the most typical one is "asking for flowers with tears." "The partition flies over the swing." This method is also used repeatedly in other poems. Third, he is good at using the reverse configuration method in the configuration of the scene. The most common way to write feelings in ci is to write feelings and scenes, but there are two ways to configure feelings and scenes in the same direction and in the opposite direction. In the same direction, the emotional orientation of objective scenery is the same as subjective emotion, while in the opposite direction, the emotional orientation of objective scenery is just the opposite of subjective emotion. In Feng Yansi's ci, he often likes to express his sad feelings with beautiful spring scenery. The reversal configuration of the scene doubles the sadness of the protagonist. Faced with a happy scene, you are still depressed. If it is a sad scene, you can imagine the sadness and depression.
Feng Yansi's ci collection is called Yangchun Lu, among which Yangchun Ji was handed down from the Northern Song Dynasty, and the books in the Song Dynasty have long been lost. The earliest existing book is Amin Wu Ne's Hundred Poems by Celebrities in Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are many in Qing Dynasty. However, the characters collected in each book are different, and some of them also contain forgeries. The Five Pronouns of the Whole Tang Dynasty, edited by Zeng,, and Liu Zunming, published by Zhonghua Book Company 1999, contains12 Feng Yansi words. (Selected Poems of Sir Zhong Feng Yansi in Southern Tang Dynasty)