Ancient poetry is a wonderful flower of China literature, and its concise language, beautiful rhythm and rich meaning are the essence of China language and culture. Different poems have different times and personal styles, and some are simple and popular; Some are graceful and unique; Some ups and downs, profound; Some dream like smoke, sad and melancholy; There are also sad and generous, uninhibited. However, because the words used in ancient poetry are often obscure and crude, and the meaning is too deep, students are inevitably obscure and difficult to understand, and teachers are sometimes difficult to control, so students can't enter the realm of poetry and feel poetry well. To this end, in recent years, I have devoted myself to the exploration of ancient poetry teaching, trying to create poetic scenes with singing and painting, guiding students to feel poetry with chanting imagination, improving the teaching quality of ancient poetry, stimulating students' interest in learning ancient poetry, and trying to solve the problems that ancient poetry is difficult to understand, teachers are difficult to teach and students are difficult to understand.
First, the scenery of the piano, music, songs and paintings reappears, and the melody and sound blend into the poetic realm.
Ancient poetry is a song and a painting. Poets often combine subjective feelings with objective scenes, and combine the meaning in their hearts with real things, blending scenes with profound artistic conception. Using songs and paintings to guide students into a poetic environment can often make students feel the feelings and scenery of ancient poetry. For example, when I was teaching Bai Juyi's poem "Spring Tour in Qiantang", I used the children's song "Little Swallow" to introduce this ancient poem. I use familiar children's songs to arouse students' childhood memories, and use the tape recorder to play the sounds of birds, rain, streams and springs, so that students can feel the spring of nature, let them cross the barrier of time and space, reach the early spring of Qiantang River in Tang Dynasty, and immerse themselves in the spring of green grass, birds and flowers. Then, with the ancient music "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", I recited this ancient poem, and vividly described the scene content of the ancient poem with melodious music. In Qin music, I let students know the historical information, the specific environment, the author's mood and the scene in the poem. In Qin music, students also carefully taste and feel the beauty of ancient poetry. At the same time, I used the symbol of spring, the swallow, to spread a beautiful picture of spring, in which "Early Warbler" and "Chun Yan" jumped out of the paper, and "Scattered Flowers" and "Populus davidiana" dotted with spring scenery. Looking far away from Gushan Temple and Jiating Terrace, you can see Qiantang Lake and Baisha Dike in the shade. Quiet, there are blurred and delicate spring flowers and green grass, moving, there are new swallows pecking mud to clear their throats. Students imagine this kind of color-rendered picture, reminisce about familiar children's songs, listen to beautiful ancient music, and the wonderful poetry naturally reappears in front of them. In this way, beautiful music, melodious singing and elegant pictures turn the original boring and obscure poems into colorful and touching poetic images, so that students are always in the atmosphere of "painting in poetry", "painting in poetry" and "singing in poetry", so that abstract and rough words become musical pictures, thus making ancient poetry full of strong appeal. This teaching method, which integrates music, music, painting and melody, not only effectively reproduces the historical scene of ancient poetry, but also fully mobilizes students' visual and auditory nerves, deeply touches their heartstrings and souls, and turns the boring text barrier into colorful and three-dimensional visual pictures and scenes, so that students' visual, auditory and imagination can touch the scene of ancient poetry, thus getting rid of the shackles of words and entering the perceptual and intuitive understanding of ancient poetry and poetry.
Second, sing, satirize, recite poems, and clap your hands to appreciate poems.
Ancient poetry is the essence of China culture and the masterpiece of China literature. Every poem is a masterpiece that has been tempered, scrutinized and carefully organized. Moreover, the ancient poems are neat and even, with a kind of exquisite, rhythmic and harmonious stunning beauty. Only by reciting it repeatedly can people remember it deeply. When studying ancient poetry, students must consciously recite and satirize, so as to feel the unique charm of ancient poetry, ponder and taste the exquisite charm of ancient poetry, thus inspiring students' associative thinking, appreciating the unique poetry in ancient poetry, stimulating their enthusiasm and interest in reading poetry, and cultivating students' ability to perceive and use ancient poetry. For example, when I was teaching Li Shangyin's Untitled (the time was long before I met her, but it became longer after we parted), I recited the feelings of parting, the helplessness of life, and the poetry biased towards the end of spring, which made students taste the rhyme of "difficulty", "disability", "dryness" and "cold", showing a density alternating with sobs. According to the rhymes, even words, balanced words and neat sentences, the ancient poems are satirized, which makes them read smoothly, harmoniously and beautifully. Naturally, students have a unique sense of music, so that students can feel sweet and smooth phonology, unified and harmonious rhythm and cadence of language beauty. At the same time, in repeated chanting, students also tasted the unique language style beauty of ancient poetry. For example, Li Bai's poems are romantic, heroic and passionate, showing the grandeur of the Tang Dynasty; Du Fu's poems are neat and rigorous, sad and restrained, facing the darkness directly, reflecting the sad reality of the late Tang Dynasty after the An Shi Rebellion. Bai Juyi's poems are popular and simple, Wang Wei's poems are natural and remote, Wen's poems are graceful and graceful, Liu Zongyuan's poems are steep and elegant, and so on. , showing the beauty of different language styles of ancient poets. Different works, different poets, different periods and different backgrounds will have different language styles and artistic conception. Only by chanting, satirizing, playing and reading can students truly feel the poet's feelings and appreciate poetry. Sometimes, the artistic conception of ancient poetry can only be understood, which is difficult to express. Therefore, in teaching, teachers should first instruct students how to chant and satirize, and repeatedly experience the beauty of music, rhythm and context of poetry, then give full play to students' initiative, carefully understand the meaning and sentence meaning of poetry, feel the scene and atmosphere in poetry, correctly understand the content and background of poetry, the poet's inner world and the profound philosophy contained therein, then taste the poet's emotion and the connotation of poetry in chanting, and finally guide them to play and appreciate it repeatedly.
Third, the scene is integrated into the artistic conception, inspiring * * * to understand poetry.
Poetry is valuable in expressing ambition, and poetry is valuable in expression. Poets express many beautiful feelings with the help of ancient poems: they love and yearn for a better life, which contains profound philosophy of life; Inspired future generations to make progress and be full of lofty sentiments. Let students know these feelings, for them, it is not only a kind of enjoyment of beauty, but also edifies the mind and enriches emotions, which is conducive to cultivating healthy and upward personality and improving personal cultural accomplishment. Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long: "People who write articles are moved to leave, and people who read articles wear them to enter the artistic conception." Poets "speak with emotion", and teachers should guide students to "write with emotion", so that students can understand the strong feelings contained in poems and feel the poet's heart. To this end, teachers should first integrate themselves into the poet's emotions, turn themselves into poets, and express the emotions of ancient poems with words, expressions, gestures, eyes and gestures. If the artistic conception of ancient poetry is high-spirited and full of ambition, then the teacher should show a spirit of swaggering and worshipping everything; If the artistic conception of ancient poetry is high-spirited and strong, then the teacher will give people an angry mood; If ancient poetry contains coldness, loneliness and melancholy, then the teacher will interpret the emotions of crying, loneliness and resentment; If ancient poetry is peaceful and quiet, and it sets each other off in an interesting mood, then teachers should naturally show a calm, elegant and carefree appearance, but, more importantly, let students' emotions fluctuate with the teacher's interpretation of poetry, resulting in the singing of * * *, and the teaching process of ancient poetry is bound to be an emotional exchange process and an interactive process between teachers and students. Only by motivating students to sing * * can teachers and students interact. For example, when I was teaching Wang Bo's Biography of Sending Du Shaofu to Shu, it happened that the intern teacher was about to leave school for the last time. I said to the students: today is the last lesson given to our class by the intern teacher, and then we went our separate ways. We may never see each other again. Let's sing a song here to express our feelings of parting. Then I sang a farewell pavilion with melancholy feelings and tunes. "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green, ..." The song suddenly rendered the atmosphere of parting, and the students' emotions were completely submerged, and they echoed involuntarily, producing a * * * sound. After the song, everyone was immersed in the feeling of parting.
Fourth, make the finishing point, guide the "poetic eye" and understand the innovative significance of the whole poem.
In an ancient poem, the poem that best highlights its artistic conception is called "poetic eye".
"Eye of Poetry" is often a famous sentence that poets deliberately pursue in their creation. Therefore, in the teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should attach great importance to guiding students to understand the "poetic eye" in poetry and understand the connotation of the whole poem from the "poetic eye". How to guide students to understand the "poetic eye" of ancient poetry, and then understand the realm of the whole poem? I think we should do the following three things: first, teachers should have an overall concept of the whole poem in teaching and grasp the artistic conception of ancient poetry as a whole. Starting from the historical information and background of ancient poetry, from the poet's writing mood and creative atmosphere, from the emotional tone and philosophical implication of ancient poetry, we should grasp ancient poetry sensibly and rationally, present the whole picture of ancient poetry to students, shorten the time and space distance between students and ancient poetry as much as possible, let students intuitively understand the writing background, accurately grasp the emotional tone of ancient poetry, and eliminate the learning obstacles that cannot produce a sense of singing because of too long time interval; Secondly, on the premise of grasping the whole poem, the "poetic eye" is introduced to make the finishing touch of the whole poem, guiding students to enter the "poetic eye", thus feeling the charm of ancient poetry and plucking the strings of students' emotions, so that students can feel the whole poem from the commanding heights in the "poetic eye". Thirdly, from the eyes of poetry, students can be inspired to understand the spirit, quality, meaning, artistic conception, feelings, delicacy and philosophy of poetry from the form. At the same time, in the process of understanding the whole poem, in order to let students further understand ancient poetry from a new angle and innovative thinking, I also consciously focus on "poetic eyes", let students give full play to their imagination and innovative ability, and choose some topics for students to participate in teaching, thus clarifying and extending the profound meaning of "poetic eyes", inspiring students' innovative thinking and improving students' innovative ability. For example, the last sentence of Du Fu's "Looking at Yue": "Climb to the top of the mountain, and you will see that other mountains are short under the sky." It is not only the eye of the whole poem, but also a famous sentence sung through the ages. In this inspiring and symbolic poem, this poetic eye can realize the poet's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to reach the top and overlooking everything. While students deeply understand the connotation of this "poetic eye" and grasp the artistic conception of the whole poem, I return the classroom teaching to the students, and use the life philosophy of "reaching the peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky." contained in this poem to let the students express their strong feelings and fighting spirit in the face of difficulties with innovative language and expression, and express their ambitions in study and life. Make students learn this famous saying, use this famous saying, and absorb nutrition and essence from this famous saying to stimulate innovative thinking in learning ancient poetry.