Every four sentences in the poem are divided into one level, and the three levels respectively select the different situations and attitudes of three characters on the same moonlit night as the structural framework of the whole poem. The language is extremely concise, but the connotation is very rich and profound. On the one hand, wealthy families have civil and military officials, singing and dancing, and do not think about saving the country; On the one hand, there are soldiers guarding the border, bored and unable to serve the country; On the one hand, the adherents of the Central Plains are shy, with blurred eyes and hope for reunification. These three scenes constitute three contrasting pictures, denouncing the attitude of the court in the Southern Song Dynasty, showing the anguish of patriotic soldiers who have no choice but to serve the country and the desire of the people in the Central Plains to recover their lost land, and reflecting the patriotic feelings of the poet who cares about the country and the people and longs for reunification.
The first paragraph: fifteen years of the imperial edict of harmony and honor, the general does not dispute the empty space. Zhu dances heavily, but the horse is fat and the bow is broken.
The poet first introduced the whole poem with the introduction of "the imperial edict of He Rong is fifteen years, and the general does not dispute the empty border", which formed a direct causal relationship with the following scenes. The sentence of "harmony and tolerance" at the beginning of the poem means that it should only be a temporary expedient, but fifteen years have passed in an instant, which means criticism; The general can defeat the enemy without fighting, and the word "empty" has a strong questioning tone. Secondly, this paper compares two typical scenes: "Zhumen singing and dancing" and "The horse in the stable is fat and the bow is broken". On the one hand, singing and dancing in the deep house compound; On the one hand, the horses in the stables are so fat that the bowstring in the armory is moldy.
The sentence "Zhumen" means that the ministers of the imperial court forgot the present situation of the country's decline and fall. The word "heavy" is used well, as if intoxicated deeply, and the word "pressure" describes the situation that ministers do not attach importance to the country but only know pleasure. The sentence "Steady Horse" is very painful to write that heroes are useless. This contrast reveals the present situation that the rulers lead a drunken life and lead to the waste of frontier defense equipment. This shows that they have long forgotten the national humiliation. We can fully realize that Lu You, a great poet who never forgets to resist national rejuvenation, is in full swing with strong indignation in the face of the rulers' thoughts of seeking peace and decadent life.
This is because the ruling clique in the Southern Song Dynasty only cared about their own happiness and did not hesitate to betray the interests of the country and the nation. The sentence "Zhu Men" hit the nail on the head and revealed the essence of their compromise and surrender. At the moment when Enemy at the Gates, the country is in decline and the nation is in peril, the rulers are blindly pursuing a luxurious life of feasting and dancing. They are afraid of death, bend their knees to surrender to the enemy, adopt a policy of non-resistance, and deceive themselves with the "imperial decree of harmony", so that the war horse raised to resist the enemy and the bow and arrow used to kill the enemy will be broken when they die, and the horse will be fat and broken. What a painful reality this is! "The horse is fat, and the bow is broken" is a supplement to "the general conquers the enemy without fighting", and these two sentences have a direct causal relationship with the imperial edict promulgated by He Rong.
The second paragraph: Diao Dou, a building guard, urged the moon to set, joined the army at the age of 30, and now he is white-haired. Who knows that a strong man's heart is in the flute, and the sand head is empty.
In the fifteen years of Rong Zhao's reign, there was no hard work, no thrilling and bloody war, and everything was calm. Here, the poet pays attention to the fate and value of survivors and victims. For the survivors, because of the supreme ruler's "imperial decree of harmony", for many years, they have nothing to do but send away round after round of bright moons with the sound of fighting, and they can only pin their worries on the muffled flute and spend every day in this boring life. Day after day, year after year, many brave men who joined the army around the age of 30 are now white-haired.
How quickly a word "urging" is written, how sincerely a word "a strong man has broken his wrist" is written, and how helpless a rhetorical question is! In this hurried Diao Dou sound, in this plaintive flute sound, there is an urgent feeling, that is, the strong men are looking forward to making contributions to killing the enemy, ending this boring life at an early date and returning to their long-lost homes as soon as possible. But who can understand this feeling? "Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead." (Du Fu's Stone Trench) If the survivors can still have a glimmer of fantasy, what about the victims? The word "empty sand head" shows that the soldiers' wish to kill the enemy and return to their hometown will eventually die of old age and become the bones of the wild, and it also shows that their youth and life are worthless.
The emphasis on words is avoided in the poem, but this poem re-uses the word "empty" compared with the previous "general does not dispute the empty border", and these two seemingly failed words are in sharp contrast with the life fate of "general" and "recruiting people". The contrast between the living and the dead reveals the tragic fate of soldiers and reflects their full grief and indignation. Between the lines, the poet's silent complaint about He Rong's line and his deep sympathy for the soldiers in the border area are beyond words. Words like "empty photo" and "who knows" are a portrayal of his mood.
The last four sentences are the third paragraph: the Central Plains has been at war with the ancients, and no descendants are enemies of Hu Chuan! The adherents endured death and looked forward to recovery, making them cry at night in several places!
From writing about border guards to writing about people, writing about the northern people enslaved by the enemy is the so-called adherents. It mainly depicts the picture of the Central Plains adherents looking forward to revival with tears in their eyes. The poet first showed a distant and vast historical background: the Central Plains has been a battlefield filled with smoke since ancient times, where Chinese sons and daughters fought bloody battles to resist foreign aggression. The poet's meaning is very profound: this sentence is far from the current situation of "the imperial edict was fifteen years" and "the general did not fight", forming a scene of contrast between ancient and modern times, and satirizing the present with the ancient; In contrast to "Are there any descendants who oppose Hu Chuan", the poet expressed his great indignation at the policy of harmony and honor with strong rhetoric.
Then, "descendants against Hu Chuan" and "adherents endure death and hope for recovery, and shed tears several times tonight" constitute a contrasting scene: on the one hand, the Nuzhen who occupied the Central Plains is full of children and grandchildren here, beaming and ready to take root; On the other hand, the adherents of the Central Plains endured humiliation and tears and looked forward to reunification. The two scenes contrast and blend into one. This picture makes us easily think of two other poems by Lu You: "The adherents shed tears and dust, and then look south at Julian Waghann for one year." (The Feeling of Fence Gate at Dawn in Autumn Night) In the enemy-occupied areas of the Central Plains, the prosperity of the Hu people and the misery of the adherents revealed the great harm of the "harmonious imperial edict" and showed the adherents' desire to save the country. The adherents were ravaged by other nationalities and lived in dire straits. Their spiritual strength is based on the hope that Song Jun can move northward and restore the reunification of the motherland. However, the adherents looked forward to the Northern Expedition, and their desire for recovery could not be realized, so they had to look south in vain and shed tears. This is the meaning of the last two sentences, "The adherents endured death and looked forward to recovery, and they cried several times tonight."
Ideological content of this poem: Although Guan Shanyue not only wrote about the ruling clique, but also about soldiers and adherents, there is a clue from beginning to end-the Southern Song Dynasty promulgated the imperial edict of peace, and the first sentence of this poem shows this point. It is precisely because of the imperial edict and honor that the generals did not fight empty battles, the soldiers did not go into battle to kill the enemy while they were young, and they did not liberate the adherents from the hot water of foreign rule. The poet's ideological tendency is very clear, which is a condemnation of the compromise and surrender policy of the Southern Song clique, a deep sympathy for patriotic soldiers and adherents who fought against the enemy, and a great hatred for the invaders. It is precisely because of these thoughts that we say that Guan Shanyue embodies the progressive content and spiritual essence of Lu You's patriotic poems. The patriotic spirit of Lu You's poems is often manifested in the resentment of his unpaid ambition.
In Guan Shanyue's poems, although it doesn't directly express this point like the poems such as Book Wrath, there are also some sentences such as "The general is in an air battle", "The horse in the stable is fat and the bow is broken", "Who knows the strong man's heart in the flute" and "The sand head is empty and the bones are full", which also implies his grief and indignation. The poet is closely related to the anti-Jin soldiers.