Du Fu's Hope for Spring;
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Appreciation of Du Fu's Spring Hope1;
This is a work written by Du Fu in the second year (757) when he went to Germany in Tang Suzong, that is, in the spring of the second year when he lived in occupied Chang 'an. Since the An Shi Rebellion, it has been the spring of March. However, the war is still going on, and I look forward to hearing from my family. At this time, the letter from home is nothing more than "ten thousand gold"! These two poems describe the urgency of ordinary people waiting for a letter from home in the era of war and news cut off, which is easy to arouse people's * * *, so they have become famous sentences that have been told through the ages.
The first sentence reflects the poet's deep patriotic feelings. It is written with the sonorous voice and extraordinary momentum and the five laws of lifting. Saying that "the mountains and rivers are there" shows that with the demise of the country, the former prosperity of Kyoto has disappeared, leaving only mountains and rivers. The word "deep" in the second sentence is a tempered poetic eye, which describes the scene of Chang 'an after the robbery. Spring was originally lush, but the word "deep" showed a scene of vegetation and weeds. The two sentences that begin with antithesis are the antithesis in rhyme. The general explanation of three or four sentences is that flowers and birds are pleasing to the eye, but they hate parting because of love, but they make the author cry when he sees flowers and smells birds. However, we might as well make another understanding, that is, people are personified by flowers and birds, feel sad when they leave, flowers will splash tears, and birds will be frightened.
Although the two explanations are different, their spirit can be interlinked. One is touching the scene and the other is empathy; Good poetry can have both, depending on the reader's own experience. There are different views on poetry, which is also called. The two sentences "bonfire" and "letter from home" were transcribed from "Feeling Time" and "Farewell" respectively, but they were born out of the last sentence in the later period, which was natural and profound. "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" can tell all the thoughts in everyone's mind when the news is isolated and there is no news for a long time, so this couplet is popular.
There is no news, and when I am extremely bored, I can't help scratching my head and hesitating. The last two sentences stop here, saying that I feel my hair is short, sparse and at a loss. In this way, in addition to the pain of chaos, sighing and aging will add a layer of sadness.
Appreciation of Du Fu's Spring Hope II;
"Spring Hope" was written in 756 AD, the second year after Du Fu was captured by the messenger of the rebels in Chang 'an. The poet looks forward to spring and is devastated; I hate leaving when I feel sad. Zhuan Xu's Where Tears Are, Lonely Birds Sing Sadness, in which sadness is written in a joyful scene, can be analyzed from two angles.
First, I feel empathy for the scenery, and writing music scenes can't be appreciated for mourning.
There is no difference between heaven and earth scenery and people. When people are sad, it is a great pity that although the scenery is beautiful, it seems that it does not belong to "me" and they have no intention to appreciate it. Such feelings can express sadness deeply and implicitly. Aesthetic feeling is the objectification of human's essential strength. People in different situations will have different aesthetic attitudes towards the same scene. "Beauty has no effect on a soul addicted to pain" (French philosopher Cushing's On Beauty). The poet personifies flowers and birds, empathizes with the scenery and mourns the scenery. "Everything is my color." Therefore, although flowers and birds are entertaining things, it seems that flowers are also "tearful" and birds are "shocking". And such a sad scene gives birth to sadness, and this so-called scene is born together. Therefore, although the scenery is beautiful, it cannot be appreciated for sadness, which also contains deep sadness.
The second is touching the scene, writing music scenes is disgusting for mourning.
The poet's sadness is not in harmony with the beautiful scenery, and sometimes he not only has no intention to appreciate it, but also feels out of place and even has a sense of disgust. This aesthetic feeling can better express the deep depression of sadness. Sometimes there is too much sadness, and no matter how beautiful the scenery is, it may make people feel disgusted. Du Fu's great political ambition is to "respect the monarch before making the customs pure", but many profound social contradictions, especially the Anshi rebellion, are intertwined. Therefore, the beautiful scenery of flowers and birds at this time is incompatible with the poet's sadness, resulting in a feeling of disgust. Beautiful spring, picturesque spring, makes people even more sad; A hundred flowers are blooming and birds are singing, and natural selection is competing, but people are not prepared. Instead, I feel that my loved ones are separated and my body and mind are in trouble; All things strive for spring and flourish, which in turn deeply feels that mountains and rivers are broken, the country is crumbling and life is aging. The poet is still saying, why do the flowers bloom so brilliantly and the birds sing so beautifully when I feel sorry for you, which makes people "cry" and "panic"? "Burst" sound, like surging tears, "shock", that great shock and disgust is full of deep sorrow and great pain, but it is also implicit. Although the angle of this taste is different, the essence of "happiness and sadness" is exactly the same.
The sadder the music scene, the more meaningful it is. Due to the specific historical background and personal experience, Du Fu's poems often show the aesthetic contradiction between pleasure and sadness. It is more prominent, implicit and profound to compare and contrast the deep and gloomy sadness with a harmonious scene. This is also a common expression in classical poetry.
The poet's poems set off the deep melancholy of homesickness, making people feel the infinite sadness away from chaos and drift, and have a unique charm.
Appreciation of Du Fu's Spring Hope 3:
Chun Wang
Don du fu
The country is broken, the mountains and rivers are there, the spring returns to the earth, and the vegetation is green again.
When I feel it, the flowers shed tears. I hate saying goodbye to the birds.
The bonfire lasted for March, and a message from home was worth a ton of gold.
The bald head is shorter than the scratch, and the desire is endless.
Precautions:
(1) Country: The capital refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). 2 break: fall. 3 mountains and rivers are there: the old mountains and rivers still exist. (4) Deep vegetation: refers to a vast territory with few people. ⑤ sense of time: I feel sad for the current situation of the country. 6 hate parting: regret parting. ⑦ bonfire: the fireworks of ancient frontier warning, which refers to the war of An Shi Rebellion. 8 Whitehead: This refers to white hair. Pet-name ruby scratch: scratch gently with your fingers. Attending hun: simple.
Appreciate:
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning of the poem, I described what I saw in the spring: the mountains and rivers are still there, but the capital has fallen, the city is overgrown with weeds and the trees are deserted and dilapidated in the war. In the poet's memory, the spring in Chang 'an in the past was so prosperous, birds were singing and flowers were fragrant, and the flying sheep were filled with beautiful smoke willows, but that scene has disappeared today. A word "broken" is shocking, and another word "deep" is sad. The poet wrote about today's scenery, which truly expressed people's sense of history, pinned their feelings on things, and created a desolate atmosphere for the whole poem with the help of scenery. The two diametrically opposite images of "national destruction" and "urban spring" coexist, forming a strong contrast. "Spring in the city" refers to the season of lush flowers and trees and bright smoke in spring. However, due to the "destruction of the country", the decline of the nation and the fall of all countries, the glory of spring has disappeared, leaving only ruins and only "deep planting". The word "deeply planted" has a profound meaning, which means that Chang 'an City is not neat and orderly, but barren and dilapidated, sparsely populated and mixed with vegetation. Here, the poet sees that things are sad and shows a strong sadness of separation.
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." Flowers shed tears mercilessly, birds are frightened without hatred, and flowers and birds have grievances because of people. Flowers in spring are originally beautiful and fragrant; Birds in spring should cheer and sing euphemistic songs to make people happy. However, both Feeling Time and Hate Farewell are full of Du Fu's misery. The meaning of these two sentences can be understood as follows: I feel the frustration of the current situation and see the flowers bloom and fall; I feel depressed and resentful, and I feel scared when I hear birds singing. People's inner pain, when they meet happy scenes, will cause more pain, just like "I have been there, and there is another village;" Today I think of it, it's raining. "That way. Du Fu inherited this artistic technique of setting off sadness with musical scenes, which endowed the poem with deeper feelings and showed richer artistic effects. The poet felt the pain of national destruction and death. The more beautiful the scene, the more it will increase his inner pain. This kind of association creates feelings and empathizes with things through the description of scenery. It shows the poet's deep feelings of worrying about the country and the people and missing his family.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." The poet thought: The war has been going on for a spring, but it is still not over. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was forced to flee to Shu, and Tang Suzong just succeeded to the throne. However, loyalists have not yet achieved a favorable situation and failed to recover Xijing. It seems that the war will last for a long time. I also want to be captured and held in the enemy's barracks. I haven't heard from my wife and children for a long time. Their lives are uncertain, and I don't know what happened. If only I could get a letter from home. The poet's "a letter from home is worth a ton of gold" contains a lot of bitterness and expectation, which reflects the poet's urgent mood in the case of news isolation and long-awaited This is also the empathy of all the people persecuted by the war, reflecting the good wishes of the broad masses of people to oppose the war and look forward to peace and stability.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "When the war lasts for several months, the family will not believe it, and the worries of the country and the family will come to mind, and the internal and external troubles will be entangled. The poet wrote about his own experience of getting old because of the destruction of the country and the division of the war. After leaving home, I have been wandering in the war and trapped in Chang' an for several months. I have less hair. I scratch my hair with my hands, and I feel that my hair is scarce and my eyes are short-sighted. I can't even get my hair in. "White hair" comes from troubles, and "scratching" is because I want to relieve troubles. Hair is white and thin. From the change of hair, readers feel the poet's inner pain and sadness, and even more realize the poet's true feelings of worrying about the country and the people and missing his family when he is injured. This is a touching and complete artistic image.
This poem is a blend of scenes, deep feelings, implicit and concise, which fully embodies the artistic style of "depression and frustration". This poem has a compact structure and revolves around the word "Wang". The first four sentences are lyrical by borrowing scenery and scenery. The poet's sigh and anger, in the cross-transformation of feelings and scenery, have been conveyed implicitly from climbing to overlooking, from far and near, from weak feelings to strong feelings. From the beginning, I described the bleak scenery of Beijing, to the tears when I saw the spring flowers and the resentment when I listened to the birds singing; Writing about the war lasted too long, and there was no news at home; Finally, I wrote about my sadness and aging. Interlocking, step by step, creating a realm that can arouse people's voices and deep thoughts. It shows the typical feelings under the background of typical times and reflects the good wishes of contemporary people who love the country and yearn for peace. At the same time, it also shows the poet's noble feelings of worrying about the country and the people and being sad at times.