Du Fu's Information Card

Chinese name: Du Fu

Alias: Shaoling Yelao, Ling Du Yelao, Ling Du Buyi.

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Gongxian (now gongyi city).

Date of birth: 71Feb 212nd.

Date of death: 770.

Occupation: poet

Main achievements: realistic poetry creation

Representative Works: Du Gongbu Collection

Word: Zimei

No: Shaoling is old at night

World Name: Du Shaoling, Du Gongbu.

Honorary title: poet and saint

Type: realism in Tang Dynasty

The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, exposed and criticized the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and was even willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonist, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Wang Yucheng, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190.

Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.

Du Fu's works:

Sorrow, Past Travel, Buju, Tang Cheng, Scholar, Farmer, Guest, Madman, Shed, Jiangcun, Wild Old Man, Jixing, Neighboring South, Hate Farewell, Guest, Jiangting, Pity, Solitude and Solitude are two poems in the whole city, thatched cottage, two quatrains, four quatrains, and the play is a song of flowers, a hope for yue, and a reward for senior officials.

Du Fu's life:

Du Fu, the grandson of the famous poet Du Fu, was born in a family with literary tradition. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. He was frustrated all his life and only worked as a small official such as Zuo Shiyi. Although later generations called it a "poet" and poetry a "history of poetry", it didn't get people's attention at that time in the Tang Dynasty. There is a poem "The Play is Six quatrains (Part II)" written by "Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty": "Wang Yang and Luo Lu are contemporary, but frivolous; Second, Cao's name is destroyed, and the rivers will last forever. " Among them, there are many poets' self-comparisons. Du Fu's experience and poetry creation can be mainly divided into four periods:

First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)

The so-called "dissolute Zhao Qi, Qiu Ma is quite sober and crazy".

In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (at the age of 20), he began to roam in wuyue, returned to Luoyang five years later, and then Du Fu roamed Qi and Zhao. Later, I met Li Bai in Luoyang, and the two met and hated each other late, forming a profound friendship. Then I met Gao Shi, and the three of them traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to qi zhou. After breaking up, they met on East Road respectively. This is the last time that "Shi Xian" and "Shi Sheng" met.

Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)

During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Li, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, even told Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty that no one in the ruling and opposition parties was successful. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "grabbing the rich door in the morning, catching the fat horse dust at dusk, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding sadness everywhere". Finally, I got a small official who led Cao Youwei to join the army (mainly guarding the soldiers' weapons and the keys to the treasury). During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "From Beijing to Fengxian, Singing 500 Words" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.

Third, the period of being trapped as a thief (45 to 48 years old)

When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope and Crossing the River Head. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of his advice, Shangshu was demoted to prime minister of joining the army. (Fang Shu is a typical intellectual, but unrealistic. He fought against the rebels and adopted the Spring and Autumn Array, which resulted in a crushing defeat. Du Fu began to tidy up Zuo's remains. He said Fang was innocent. He was angry and wanted to find fault. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".

"Three officials": Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official; "Three Farewells": Wedding Farewells, Homelessness, Farewell to the Old and Welcome to the New.

Four, the southwest wandering period (48 to 58 years old)

With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. After Yanwu filmed "Our Times" as a blog in Chengdu, Du Fu went to Yan and died. He drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to Hubei and Hunan, and died on the Xiangjiang River. During this period, his works include Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Broke the Straw Shed, Shuxiang, Yellow River Banks Recovered by the Imperial Army, Gordon, Moon Landing Building and many other famous works. One of the most famous poems is: "An De Wan Lou, all the poor people in the world are happy." And the "leaves fall like waterfalls, and I think the long river always rolls forward" in "To the Top" is a swan song.

Influence on future generations

Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of Han Yuefu's poetic style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.