Scenery description can start from the front, directly describe the characteristics of the scenery, making people clear at a glance; We can also start with the side scenery related to it, not the front scenery, so as to reveal the characteristics of things and provide readers with rich imagination space. The combination of the two methods can make the features of the scene more distinct and prominent.
For example, Bai Juyi's "Yang Liuzhi Ci", "A thousand branches of a spring breeze are softer than gold and softer than silk. Who owns the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng all day? " The first sentence and the second sentence describe the beautiful form of willow in spring by means of positive description.
Wang Changling's "Joining the Army" "The desert is dusty, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought the Taohe River at night, but they were captured alive. " The second sentence describes the situation from the side, and describes the tragic war by writing that the wind is strong and the red flag is rolled up for urgent marching.
Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Stone City", "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and it is lonely. This poem named "Stone City" is obviously about "Stone City", but it begins with the scenery around the stone city-mountains, tides and the moon-and describes the decline and desolation of the "old country" of the stone city. Second, the combination of static and dynamic.
In ancient Chinese poetry, in order to create artistic conception, poets pay special attention to dynamic description, and the combination of dynamic and static is a common way to describe scenery. In the use of this technique, poets are often ingenious, "every word is the best" and "the realm is the best" For example, the selection of "push" and "knock" in Jia Dao's Living in Seclusion with Li Ning, and the adjective "green" used as a causative verb in Wang Anshi's Sailing in Guazhou are all examples of dynamic description, and many articles have been made on the use of verbs. However, as a combination of dynamic and static scenery, it often depicts dynamic and static with a kind of artistic conception, and often focuses on static, and forms a harmonious unity of artistic conception and image in a way that dynamic sets off static. Therefore, the combination of static and dynamic scenery writing techniques is often inseparable from foil.
For example, Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn Night" stands empty after the rain. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? Wang Wei, a poet, deserves to be called an expert in describing landscapes. The combination of dynamic and static is one of his main techniques in describing landscapes. In the scenery described by the poet, there is movement in stillness, stillness in stillness, and the combination of movement and stillness constitutes a moving artistic conception. The second couplet "Moonlight in the Pine Woods" is a static scene, but what you see says that the moonlight shines all over the earth through the pine branches; And "crystal stone in the stream" is a moving picture, a smell, a combination of motion and static, which constitutes a beautiful and lovely landscape painting. The third link is that the poet uses the sound of bamboo to set off the tranquility of the mountain, which is what he heard, and uses the lotus movement to set off the tranquility of the water, which is what he saw. What he saw and what he heard are intertwined, and "noisy" and "quiet" are in contrast, which is quite artistic.
Third, the combination of melody and sound.
The description of scenery in ancient poetry often involves sound and color, which is the poet's use of senses to describe the scenery from multiple angles, making readers feel as if they were there, and receiving high artistic effects.
For example, in Du Fu's quatrains, "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, at the entrance of the boating in Wan Li, Wu Dong. " The first part is a set of opposing sentences. There are many willows around the thatched cottage, and there are a pair of orioles singing on the new green willow branches, which are a happy scene and colorful, forming a fresh and beautiful artistic conception. "Cui" is new green, "Liu Cui" is early spring phenology, and willow branches have just sprouted. "Two orioles sing green willows", and birds are paired, showing a kind of vitality and a festive meaning. Egrets in the blue sky are flying freely. This long-legged bird flies gracefully and naturally. In Wan Li, the sky is clear, and the egrets are brightly colored against the "blue sky". The four bright colors of "yellow", "emerald", "white" and "cyan" are used successively in the two sentences to weave a beautiful picture; The first sentence is also described by voice, which conveys extremely cheerful feelings.
Fourth, the combination of reality and reality.
"Virtual" and "real" are two big concepts, specifically, intangible and tangible, abstract and concrete, imagination, memory and reality. For example, Mourning for the Past is illusory, because it is intangible and abstract, while Spring Water in a River, A Boat with a Leaf, Spring Grass, and The Wind on the Willow Shore and the Last Moon are real. Ancient poems often express some feelings with tangible things, or give some feelings imagination or help. When students appreciate this poem, they should pay attention to what is true and what is empty. And whether the poet intends to express truth or emptiness. Only by understanding these points can we accurately grasp their relationship. The real scene is the realistic and objective scenery described by the poet, while the virtual scene is the scenery created by the poet through association or imagination. The combination of reality and reality can better express an overflowing emotion.
For example, Gao Shi's "Listening to Xiao in the Bunker" and "Snow-clean Hutian Grazing Horses, Qiangdi Guarding the Building under the Moon". Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over Tianshan Mountain overnight. One or two sentences in the poem actually describe the scenery. The content described is that the ice and snow have melted and the season of grazing horses has arrived. In the evening, the soldiers came back with horses, and the sky shed the brilliance of the bright moon. In such a vast and clear night scene, I don't know which garrison building played the Qiang flute, which is the familiar tune of plum blossom falling! In three or four sentences, the plum blossom fell, as if the wind was not blowing the flute, but the flower pieces of the plum blossom. They were scattered everywhere, and the color and fragrance spread all over Tianshan Mountain overnight. This poem expresses the soldiers' deep homesickness by listening to music and thinking of plum blossoms in their hometown (there are no plum blossoms in Alakazam) and the autumn of plum blossoms.
Five, the combination of point and surface
Everything is interrelated, not isolated, and the scenery described is the same. They are always inextricably linked with the surrounding scenery. Therefore, when poets write landscapes, they don't write the subject in isolation, but also the related images around the subject, combining point and surface to make the subject image fuller and more distinctive.
For example, Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue, Hundreds of Mountains Without Birds and Thousand Paths Without Footprints. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing on the cold river-the application of "snow" in the combination of point and surface. "Dai Li Weng" is relatively small in the picture, but it is the center of the whole poem in a conspicuous position, and "A boat with a leaf and a bamboo coat" belongs to the description of points; The first two sentences "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths" belong to the superficial discussion. The poem describes the bitterness and loneliness of the characters from "birds fly away" to "people disappear", and puts the quantifier "thousand" and "ten thousand" before "mountains" and "paths", which highlights the characters' perseverance and outstanding character. It can be called point-surface combination. Point out one thing, including comprehensiveness.
Sixth, the combination of distance and distance.
Looking at the same scene, the observer's position is different and the angle is different. Looking down, looking up, looking far away and looking closely, the visual image will be varied and varied. Describing from different angles will make readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the scenery described and get a more perfect feeling.
For example, Mutu's "Mountain Walk" "Far Cold Mountain Stone Trail, people are in Bai Yunsheng. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February. " The first two sentences describe the prospect of Akiyama. The first sentence describes the majestic scenery of the autumn mountain and shows the poet's courage to climb it. The second sentence describes a specific scene in the autumn mountain, and several families can be seen faintly under the white clouds fluttering sky. The last two sentences depict a close-up of Akiyama. The phrase "Frost leaves are red in February flowers" is full of vitality, bright, fresh and vivid, giving people a sense of beauty that Qiu Guang is better than spring.
Seven, line drawing techniques
Line drawing, originally one of the traditional techniques in China's painting, is roughly similar to sketch or sketch in western painting. Its characteristic is to outline the picture with simple ink lines, freehand brushwork, no contrast and no color. This painting method is introduced into poetry creation, that is, without adjectives and modifiers, it is carefully carved and rendered layer by layer, not to mention melody or foil, but by grasping the object of description, using accurate and powerful brushstrokes, simple and concise language and plain words, it neatly outlines the shape, light and shade (sound) of things and shows the author's feelings about things.
For example, the article "Going on a Good Morning Trip" "Starting a levy in the morning, guests will mourn their hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost. Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because of thinking about Ling Du's dream, the geese return to the pool. " The second couplet of the two poems is a combination of six nouns (that is, six scenes) without any modifiers. It can be seen that it is hard to go early. It is obvious that it is difficult to walk early in the morning before the rooster crows and the moon falls.
Writing scenery is the main content of poetry. To appreciate the scenery of poetry, we should start with the way the poet writes the scenery, so as to accurately grasp the feelings contained in the poet's scenery writing.