Sit down when you are comfortable, get drunk when you are thirsty, and lie down and listen to sand sounds when you are sleepy. The sun and the moon are long and the world is wide. You are carefree and happy!
As soon as the old wine is thrown away, the new wine is poured down, and the old clay pot is happy, and the monk is idle. He gave birth to a pair of chickens, and I gave birth to a goose. It's fun!
Who's surprised when you lock your heart and jump out of the world of mortals? Leave vanity fair, enter the comfort zone, and enjoy yourself!
Leisure life translation and annotation translation
Walk easily if you want, and sit quietly if you want. Drink when you are thirsty, eat when you are hungry, sing some folk songs when you are drunk, and lie on the grass when you are sleepy. The sun and the moon are long, the world is wide, and the leisurely days are so happy.
Old wine is brewed again, and new wine is brewed. Everyone gathered around the old earthen basin, drinking and singing with monks and villagers. He gave birth to a pair of chickens and I gave birth to a goose. Leisure time is so happy.
I tied the horse to lock the ape and jumped out of the sinister world of mortals. In broad daylight, Nanmeng was awakened by several people. Leaving the place where fame and fortune are both gained, I got into my own manual comfort zone, and my leisure life is so happy.
Farming in the south like Tao Qian, lying on your back on the East Mountain like Xie An, you have experienced so many human feelings. I used to think about the past one by one in my spare time. He is clever and I am stupid. What are we fighting for?
Appreciating the first scene summarizing leisure life reflects that the author's mood is more ethereal than heaven and earth. He seems to have no thoughts and entered a state of letting nature take its course, just as "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour" said: "What is evil if a husband takes advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth, resists the debate of six qi, and swims endlessly?" It is to conform to the nature of all things, to conform to the changes of nature, to live in an endless void without beginning or end, and not to rely on anything. This is what Taoism calls the realm of inaction and freedom. The author's leisure is the yearning for this realm, and "leisure and happiness" is the state of mind to enter this realm.
In fact, the author may not be as leisurely and happy as a fairy. If we deeply understand the author's social environment at that time, we may see that there is endless bitterness and anguish behind happiness. In China's long-term feudal society, the sweetest dream of literati is to "study hard and become an official". Once the Wild Goose Pagoda is named and the Dragon Gate leaps in, you can display your talents, or serve the country, or run around for personal gain, so that you have the guarantee of power and realize your ideals more conveniently. Unfortunately, the road of the Yuan Dynasty was so bumpy and narrow, full of thorns and traps. If you accidentally fall, you will never recover. The rulers of Mongolian and Yuan dynasties practiced the policy of national oppression, and the Han people belonged to the third and fourth classes and were in the lower class. While intellectuals belong to the lower class. The so-called "seven craftsmen, eight prostitutes, nine men and ten beggars" shows how pitiful Confucian scholars are in front of dignitaries who only know how to bend bows and shoot big carvings, and their gentleness has already swept the floor.
A nation that has fallen from nobility to being bullied has a dim future, so it is always accompanied by a strong sense of loss. Many playwrights felt this way at that time. Junbao Shi sighed in Qiu Hu's Playing Wife: "Confucianism is not as good as human beings!" Ma Zhiyuan also complained in "Jin Zijing": "I am trapped in the Central Plains ... I hate ladders." In fact, Guan Hanqing, like them, has a strong hatred for the dark alien rule and deep sympathy for the oppressed and damaged lower class people. Such a "Liyuan leader" and "troupe leader" who is full of loyalty, enthusiasm, care about the world and work diligently will never be detached or idle. Born in the world, a gentleman should make contributions and make a difference; Even if you can't achieve something, there are other ways to go. Guan Hanqing has made great contributions to the country and the nation with his rich zaju works.
The second song describes the happy scene of the poet and his friends' wine feast.
On a sunny day, the house in the author's village is full of leisure and comfortable atmosphere. Old wine is brewed again, new wine is brewed again, and the room is full of incense. The host called a friend and put some old clay pots on his humble Eight Immortals table, which were filled with vegetables. Although dining tables are not delicious, they are also delicious, rich in meat and vegetables. The guests sat together, comfortably, regardless of each other, chewing food and wine, while singing poems and singing; Whether monks or savages, whether scholars or farmers, are old friends, no matter how high or low, no matter how high the status. You have a cup, I have a lamp, you say something, I say something, you sing a song, I get along, do whatever I want, and have fun.
Interestingly, this banquet is not a ceremonial banquet prepared by the host for the guests, but a "lottery" dinner for friends, which is rare in the government and officialdom where etiquette is particularly important. "You give a pair of chickens and I give a goose." He brought several kinds of vegetables. Everyone began to work, both as a host and a guest. This kind of equal and sincere gathering of old friends is much fairer and more reasonable than entertaining everyone with one's own pocket. Much happier, much more interesting, really a little back to nature.
Guan Hanqing described this rural life scene in a simple style, which showed his pursuit of elegant taste. Here, people are harmonious and friendly, treat each other sincerely, do not stick to cumbersome etiquette, and act spontaneously; Neighborhood affection is like brotherhood, secular gratitude and resentment, and the intrigue of officialdom have all disappeared here. Du Fu wrote in "Guests Arrive": "It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan. I can't give you much, but in my cottage, we still have old wine in our cups. Shall we call my old neighbor to join us, call him through the fence and empty the jar? "is also a kind of praise for this situation.
The third song reflects the author's inner call to see through the world of mortals, put aside fame and fortune, and hope to live in seclusion and enjoy his old age. At first, I used an idiom "in one spirit". Dunhuang bianwen "Vimalakīrti Jing Bodhisattva" says: "Ding Zhuo is unfathomable and crazy." Vimalakīrti Jingji Xiangping said: "A difficult person is like an ape, so he can control his mind in several ways." This is to compare people's names, hearts and desires to galloping wild horses and jumping apes. Only by firmly tying them up and locking them up can they be quiet.
People are often dominated by fame and fortune. In society, you fight for me and get exhausted, resulting in harm to others and yourself, like a fable. Therefore, in Vanity Fair, especially in the Yuan Dynasty, where class and ethnic conflicts were fierce, some intellectuals saw through fame and fortune and tried to get rid of its bondage. Guan Hanqing has also shown this mentality many times. This is also the same psychology of many literati in the Yuan Dynasty. For example, Lu Zhi's "nothing more than happiness, locking the spirit of the soul" and Yu Tianxi's "being close to the center of the earth, it is rare to tie a horse" all reveal this mentality.
All kinds of sinister realities make scholars have to sigh. The tragedy of Qu Yuan sinking into the river, Wu Xufu drawing his sword and Huaiyin losing his temper keeps repeating itself. Even if they want to be the marquis of No.1 and Wanli, they will never forget "in the end, they will never escape that day". So he made up his mind to "jump out of the world of mortals and evil violence" and asked with emotion: "Who is surprised by Huaiyin's afternoon dream?" Huaiyin Dream is Conan Dream. Dreaming in the afternoon means "daydreaming". The human heart in the world is sinister, the sea of people is rough and the waves are rough. The world's extravagant hopes for the future and even the wealth in its hands are essentially the same as Conan's dream. But few people can really break this daydream. These observations and thoughts have always influenced generations of intellectuals who are diligent in thinking and have the courage to explore, resulting in many hermits and hermits who live in seclusion in the mountains. Especially under the special social environment of foreign domination, unequal laws and brutal intellectuals in the Yuan Dynasty, many great intellectuals in the Yuan Dynasty embarked on the road of seclusion, many of whom worked as officials for a period of time, including some ministers in high positions. Of course, the premise is that these people will only quit when they can keep mindfulness and see the dirty officialdom and the sinister people's hearts. If mindfulness is not strong, or even there is no mindfulness, it is not just cooperation with the world.
The fourth poem is about why I want to live a leisurely and secluded life, which can be seen as a summary of this group of poems. He experienced the ups and downs of the world and saw the chaotic reality of the upside down of the virtuous and the foolish. There is nothing to argue about. At the end of the song, "What are you fighting for?" Highlighted the concept of not competing with the world.
"Farming in the south and sleeping in the east" is the author's pastoral life after retirement. Nan Geng is based on the poems of Tao Yuanming's Returning to the Garden and Planting Beans in Nanshan. Here, it means going back to the fields to farm. "Lying in Dongshan" is an allusion to Xie An's seclusion in Dongshan. It is not difficult to know that elegant hermit life like Tao Yuanming and Xie An has long been yearned for by the author. The reason why the author wants to retire from the mountains and forests is not that he doesn't care about the world. On the contrary, like Tao Yuanming, Xie An and others, he once had the ambition of governing the country and helping the poor. However, after personally experiencing various social conditions and public opinions, the poet finally realized something. Looking back suddenly, I "think about the past and think about the future" and understand what is "the world" and what is human feelings. Although he didn't say anything here, after this poem, it made readers feel deep and dignified.
Creation background Guan Hanqing's Four Poems of Jade Leisure were written in the early Yuan Dynasty, and the specific production year is unknown. Taoism prevailed in Yuan Dynasty, and the society was dark. Some intellectuals who suppress their subordinates often show profound consciousness and negative thoughts, such as Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu. Even those intellectuals whose careers are booming often show this consciousness in their poems, and Guan Hanqing's poems are the representatives of this consciousness. Guan Hanqing (about 1220 ── 1300) was a zaju writer in Yuan Dynasty. He is the representative figure of China's ancient opera creation, and the first of the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera". No. has been lent (one-to-one) and has been lent. Han nationality, a native of Xiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), and Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu are also called "four masters of Yuanqu". Zaju has achieved the greatest success, with more than 60 kinds of creation in his life. Today, there are 18 kinds, of which Yuan is the most famous. Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as: Single Knife Meeting, Single Whip to Get the Focus, West Shu Dream and so on. Today, there are more than 40 pieces of Xiaoling Sanqu, and the number of sets is 10. Guan Hanqing's image of "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, boiled, fried or fried" ("I am not old") is also widely known, and is known as "the sage of Qu family". Hanqin Guan
Yesterday, there was a letter from the mountain, and it was only today that I became a farmer. I'm too late to return the mountain. Lonely on the pond, no one in the forest. Things remember your position, lazily leaning against the cormorant. -Tang, "Back to the official Tankou to leave my brother" also left my brother in the official Tankou.
Yesterday, there was a letter from the mountain, and it was only today that I became a farmer.
I'm too late to return the mountain.
Lonely on the pond, no one in the forest.
Things remember your position, lazily leaning against the cormorant. Lyric and yearning, brothers build houses leisurely in human feelings, without the noise of horses and chariots. What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say. -Wei and Jin Tao Yuanming's "Drinking Fifth" Drinking Fifth
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say. 300 ancient poems, junior high school poems, senior high school poems, leisure, life, ideal philosophy. No guests are often closed all year round, and there is no intention of being idle all day. You might as well go drinking and fishing again, but you can return the favor. -in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei answered Zhang Wudi and Zhang Wudi.
There is a small house in the south, with the front facing south.
No guests are often closed all year round, and there is no intention of being idle all day.
You might as well go drinking and fishing again, but you can return the favor. Give a reply, my friend, and live in seclusion.