First of all, we should know that painting can only reflect spatial, that is, static things. So, can pictures describe dynamic things? German playwright Lessing once said: "Pictures can also imitate actions, but only objects can indirectly imitate actions." It can be seen that when describing the action with pictures, it is necessary to turn the action into stillness and express the whole process of the action with a static surface. This means that if you want to express the content of poetry through painting, the content of poetry must be relatively static. At the same time, the more advanced thing of "the unity of poetry and painting" is to link poetry with artistic conception. You can use static things to express the artistic conception of poetry.
As we are familiar with "moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream". It can be completely expressed by painting: it is already dark, but there is still a bright moon in the sky; The flowers have withered, but there are pine trees covered. The mountain spring is clear, flowing through the rocks, like a pure white plain, shining in the moonlight, vividly showing the quiet and clear natural beauty.
In this spring morning, I woke up easily. In Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn", birds sang everywhere around me. But now I think of that night, that storm, I don't know how many flowers I folded. "The first two sentences read: I wake up in a spring dream, but I don't feel that it is already bright and birds are singing everywhere; The last two sentences are: Recall how many fragrant spring flowers were blown down by the sound of wind and rain last night. How is this hearing and thinking expressed through painting?
Gu Kaizhi said that painting is "easy to wave five strings, but difficult to watch it return to the flood".
Wang Wei's literary achievements are mainly reflected in his poetry creation. Su Shi even commented on Wang Wei's work "Smoke and Rain in Lanchang", saying that "there are paintings in poetry; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " Su Shi thinks that Wang Wei's works are full of poetry, where poetry and painting are integrated.
The reason why Wang Wei's poems have the characteristics of "integration of poetry and painting" lies in his experience. Wang Wei was very clever when he was young. At the age of 2 1, he was admitted to the Jinshi and became an official. But it didn't last long. He was demoted because of the participation of his subordinates. In principle, if you downgrade, you downgrade, and we can make a comeback. But Wang Wei didn't. He was young and energetic, and he was hit by demotion. He became a little depressed and couldn't stand it, so he simply lived in seclusion. In the 16th year of Kaiyuan (728), he lived in seclusion in Shang Qi. In the 17th year of Kaiyuan (729), he began to learn from Daoguang Zen Master of Dajianfu Temple. Wang Wei is about thirty years old at this time. However, at this time, he has not been fully "Buddhist", but at least he has returned to North Korea to be an official for some time. "Make it a frontier fortress" was written by him during his mission to the frontier fortress in this period, and it also reflected his writing characteristics of "poetry and painting in one". Later, the successive deaths of his friend and wife made him completely "Buddhist". After returning from the frontier fortress, he decided to carry out the "Buddha system" to the end. Of course, he did not give up being an official. After all, it is a long-term meal ticket, but his main business is no longer an official, but-repairing-not-villa! This villa is called Wangchuan Villa. And since then, I have lived a good life of paid vacation.
In Wangchuan Villa, Wang Wei wrote Wangchuan Collection. "Wangchuan Collection" contains 20 poems by Wang Wei and his friends, which record the life of Wangchuan Villa. They are all idyllic poems. The poet painted a tangible picture of life in beautiful language, full of poetry. The works of this period also established the position of Wang Wei's pastoral poetry school.
The fusion of poetry and painting in Wang Wei's pastoral poems is mainly manifested in two aspects.
On the one hand, it is hierarchical beauty. Wang Wei's pastoral poems skillfully use artistic composition techniques, which are reflected in many poems. For example, in Zhong Nanshan, its huge height is close to the city of heaven, connecting 1000 mountains to a corner of the sea. The white clouds merged behind, and the blue mist melted into the mountains and disappeared. The central mountain peaks separate the southwest, and the valleys are also different. As I needed a place to spend the night, I called a woodcutter on the river. "The poet first described the overall outline of Zhongnanshan, which can only be seen from a distance to reflect the mysterious beauty of Zhongnanshan. Then, in the middle of Mount Zhongnan, the poet painted a scene like walking in the clouds. Then the poet looked at the changed scenery in the distance and got a panoramic view of the looming scene in the sun; Finally, the poet turned sharply to find a place to stay and found the woodcutter on the other side of the mountain. The appearance of poets and woodcutters is in sharp contrast with Zhong Nanshan, which further highlights the hierarchical beauty of poetry.
On the other hand, its color is beautiful. Wang Wei is well aware of the mystery of color and boldly uses color in his creation, thus achieving the artistic effect of poetry. For example, after "looking at Sichuan for a long time in my lodging", "rain was stored in the forest, and smoke came slowly, and quinoa was steamed to cook millet and paid for it. An egret flies over the quiet swamp, and mango birds sing in the trees in midsummer. I learned to watch the morning glory in the mountains calmly and eat sunflower seeds with dew under the pine trees. Why should I scare seagulls, even if I think about it, by giving the honorary position to any clown? The poet contrasts the vast and dense green desert with the lush and dense green shade, showing a strong color contrast effect, vivid image and far-reaching significance, showing the poet's seclusion in the mountains and escape from the secular leisure, revealing the poet's deep concern for the simple pastoral life.