Chu Taihang
1May, 940, went to Chongqing for negotiation via Luoyang, and returned to Yan 'an halfway. At that time, the anti-Japanese war was in an emergency, and the civil war broke out again, which worried the whole people.
The mountain peaks stand on the wall,
The natural barrier of the Yellow River was closed at a glance.
The smoke on both sides is as red as fire.
This business can comfort and hate.
Annotation of works
(1) Natural disasters: natural disasters. "Biography of Cui Haochuan in Shu Wei": "The number of Hangu Pass says that there is a natural barrier, and no one can enter." Look at it: when you look far away, you can see all the scenery.
2 beacon smoke: originally refers to the border police. In ancient times, when foreign enemies invaded the border, they lit a fire and burned wolf smoke at night as a warning. Later it was extended to war and war. This refers to the anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare carried out by the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians on both sides of the Yellow River.
Writing background
From the end of 1939 to the beginning of 1940, at the most difficult and severe juncture in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang die-hards headed by Chiang Kai-shek launched the first anti-* * climax, attacking the Shensi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, Shanxi Province and Taihang Mountain area. 1940 in March, Zhu Huaibing, a die-hard general, led three armies to attack the anti-Japanese base area in Taihang Mountain area under the cover of Japanese planes. Zhu De followed Mao Zedong's "People don't commit crimes against me, I don't commit crimes; If people attack me, I will attack "instructions, personally led the soldiers and civilians in Taihang Mountain area to fight back in self-defense, wiped out three divisions of Zhu Huaibing in one fell swoop, and repelled the rampant attack of the Kuomintang die-hards.
After repelling Zhu Huaibing's invasion, in order to stop the civil war and unite against Japan, Zhu De adhered to the unity of Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee, persisted in the war of resistance, adhered to the instructions of progress and the principle of rational, beneficial and restrained struggle, shouldered heavy responsibilities and did not take risks. 1May, 940, set out from Taihang Mountain base, crossed the Yellow River, crossed the Japanese blockade, and prepared to negotiate with the Kuomintang in Chongqing via Luoyang. In Luoyang, Zhu De met with Wei, commander-in-chief of the first war zone of the Kuomintang, and publicized the idea that China's * * * production party adhered to the anti-Japanese national United front, emphasized the importance of the unity of the two parties and the national army for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's final victory, and resolutely refuted the wrong slander of the die-hards against the Eighth Route Army, exposing the shameful act of the die-hards deliberately creating anti-* * friction at a critical moment in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The rational, favorable and restrained struggle kept Wei neutral in the friction between the two sides, thus maintaining the relationship of the United front. Later, Zhu De continued to go to Chongqing, but when he went to Xi 'an, he learned that more than 20,000 Japanese invaders were besieging the anti-Japanese base areas in northwest Shanxi and advancing towards the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, so he returned to Yan 'an halfway according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee. This poem was written by Zhu De during his trip to the top of Taihang Mountain in Jiyuan County, Henan Province.
works appreciation
Under the domestic situation and background of "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is urgent, civil war has broken out again, and all the people in China are worried", the author painted a magnificent picture of anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians bravely killing the enemy with heroic brushstrokes, eulogized their patriotism and heroism in the war of resistance against Japan, expressed his lofty revolutionary heroism and optimism spirit of fearlessness, daring to face adversity and impacting adversity, and expressed his confidence and determination to win the war of resistance against Japan. This poem, like a battle horn, has added infinite strength to the soldiers and civilians in the base area, enhanced confidence in the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and inspired people to persist in the war of resistance until the final victory.
The author of "The Fashion of the Peak Standing on the Wall" starts with describing the magnificent scenery of Taihang Mountain, and directly expresses his feelings with the scenery, which lays the foundation for the whole poem. Here, the author only uses the word "the peaks stand on the wall" to briefly and vividly outline the majestic, connected, layered and majestic posture of Taihang Mountain, giving people a sense of solemnity, solemnity and grandeur. When you see Taihang Mountain, you can't help but think of its anti-Japanese base. Taihang Mountain Anti-Japanese Base was founded at the end of 1937, and has gone through nearly three spring and autumn periods by May of 1940. During this period, the broad masses of anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in the base area fought bloody battles with the Japanese invaders under extremely difficult environmental conditions, repelled the enemy's rampant sweeping attack, shattered the enemy's blockade and encirclement, consolidated and expanded the base area from scratch and from weak to strong, and became one of the main battlefields of anti-Japanese. Taihang Mountain base, like Taihang Mountain, stands tall on the land of North China. Zhu De's description of the magnificence of Taihang Mountain here actually symbolizes the vigorous growth of Taihang Mountain's anti-Japanese base area, and is the author's sincere praise and warm eulogy for the base area.
"The natural barrier of the Yellow River is clear at a glance" means that the writer stands at the top of Taihang Mountain and looks up at the surging Yellow River like a dragon, with a panoramic view. On the one hand, this sentence describes the continuation of Taihang Mountain. Taihang Mountain is neither too high nor too small, so the Yellow River can't be "clear at a glance", which embodies the majesty of Taihang Mountain. Of course, this also reflects the author's broad mind, otherwise, it is difficult to sing such a poem. So in addition to geographical factors, there are also factors of the author's temperament. On the other hand, through the word "natural barrier", this sentence also outlines the majestic posture of the Yellow River, attracting people's attention from Taihang Mountain to both sides of the Yellow River, thus building a bridge to describe the heroic killing of the enemy by anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians on both sides of the Yellow River. This makes the structure of the poem progressive, rigorous and fluent, and the theme is gradually prominent. The Yellow River is the birthplace of the Chinese nation and has been a symbol of the Chinese nation since ancient times. It originated in the Bayan Kara Mountains in Qinghai Province, and flows through Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and other provinces (autonomous regions), and enters the sea in Shandong, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers. During this period, she passed through numerous mountains and valleys and roared day and night with overwhelming momentum. The unruly and surging momentum of the Yellow River is a symbol of the Chinese nation's character. The author calls the Yellow River a "natural barrier" here, which is not only a general description of the dangers and wonders of the Yellow River, but also gives her a brand-new and profound meaning. 1937 After the Lugouqiao Incident on July 7th, the Japanese invaders began a large-scale aggression against China. Due to Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance policy, the Kuomintang Central Army retreated at the front line, causing the Japanese army to drive south and a large area of land to fall into the enemy. In this case, the Eighth Route Army led by China Producers Party stepped forward and went to the anti-Japanese front in North China to fight bloody battles with the Japanese aggressors. Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Northwest Shanxi, Southeast Shanxi, Taihang Mountain, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan and other base areas have been established on both sides of the Yellow River, connecting these base areas together and becoming an insurmountable solid barrier for the Japanese aggressors to advance westward. If the Yellow River is a geographical natural disaster, then the vast number of anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in the base area are also a huge "natural disaster" for the Japanese aggressors.
Zhu De is a poet, but he is also a revolutionary, politician and strategist. Therefore, to appreciate his poems, we must combine these relations and melt them into one furnace, so that we can truly appreciate the tolerance, grace and charm that ordinary poets in his poems do not have, and truly appreciate the broad mind, profound ideological connotation and emotion contained in them.
"The peaks stand on the wall, too fashionable, and the Yellow River is closed." Generally speaking, these two sentences are both landscapes, the former one is about close-up scenery, and the latter one is about prospect; The close-range view is static, the prospect is dynamic, the distance and the distance set each other off, and the dynamic and static combine to complement each other, which vividly shows a magnificent picture, creating a broad and far-reaching artistic conception for the whole poem and giving people a rich space for daydreaming. From this, the author also expressed his praise for the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland and his heroic feelings for the anti-Japanese base areas.
"The smoke on both sides of the strait is like fire", and the author describes the anti-Japanese guerrilla war waged by the military and civilians in the base area to fight against the Japanese aggressors and defend the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. The "cross-strait" here refers to the anti-Japanese base areas established by China's * * * production party on both sides of the Yellow River. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China Producers Party reorganized the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and established large anti-Japanese base areas on both sides of the Yellow River, such as Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Taihang Mountain, Jinsui, Hebei-Shandong-Henan, etc., actively mobilized the masses, armed them and mobilized all anti-Japanese patriotic forces. Under extremely difficult conditions, we launched a wide-ranging guerrilla war with the Japanese aggressors, consolidating and expanding the base areas. However, the Kuomintang die-hards headed by Chiang Kai-shek adhere to the policy of "settling down first", actively oppose * * *, passively resist the Japanese war, constantly create troubles, engage in military friction, and find excuses to attack the anti-Japanese base areas. Zhu De's description of the excellent situation in the anti-Japanese base areas on both sides of the Yellow River here actually contrasts the heroic resistance of the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians with the passive resistance of the Kuomintang die-hards. While praising the anti-Japanese base areas, it also contains profound exposure and criticism of the shameful behavior of the Kuomintang die-hards who violated the will of the state and betrayed the country and surrendered. Thus, it also expresses that China's * * * production party and all anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians persist in unity and oppose separatism; Adhere to the war of resistance and oppose sincere surrender.
As the conclusion, "This matter can be comforting and hateful" takes care of the whole poem and fully expresses Zhu De's confidence in negotiating with the Kuomintang. When the Japanese invaders stepped up their aggression and attacks, the Kuomintang die-hards passively resisted Japan, actively opposed and reactively attacked the anti-Japanese base areas, and the people all over the country were worried about the future and destiny of the country, Zhu De took on the heavy responsibility and negotiated with the Kuomintang. In Luoyang, he had a rational, beneficial and restrained struggle with Wei, the commander of the first war zone of the Kuomintang, and achieved positive results, which kept Wei neutral in the friction between the two sides. Although this trip did not finally reach Chongqing, Zhu De deeply felt that this trip was of great significance to further promoting the continued cooperation and unity of the two parties in the war of resistance. So this sentence was written in a light and cheerful style, which fully reflected Zhu De's mood at that time.
This poem strongly expresses Zhu De's confidence in the victory of the Anti-Japanese War with its distinctive theme, broad and distant artistic conception, vivid metaphors and appropriate allusions, as well as concise and vivid language, loud syllables and neat antithesis. [3]
Brief introduction of the author
Zhu De (1886- 1976), a native of Yilong County, Sichuan Province,
Formerly known as Zhu Daizhen and once known as Zhu Jiande, Zhu is a great Marxist, proletarian revolutionary, politician and strategist, and one of the main founders and leaders of China Producers Party, China People's Liberation Army and People's Republic of China (PRC). China people's top ten marshals.
Zhu De joined the China League in his early years and participated in the Revolution of 1911. After 19 13, he served as battalion commander, deputy head, head and brigade commander in Yunnan army. Participated in the war to protect the country and protect the law. 1922 went to study in Germany, and joined the China * * * production party in the same year. 1928 Participated in leading the uprising in southern Hunan and established the democratic regime of workers and peasants. In April of the same year, he led an insurgent army to Jinggangshan and joined forces led by Mao Zedong to form the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as deputy chairman of the Central Military Commission and commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army. During the War of Liberation, he served as Deputy Prime Minister of chairman of the Central Military Commission and Commander-in-Chief of China People's Liberation Army. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as vice chairman of the Central People's Government, vice chairman of chairman of the Central Military Commission (member of the Military Commission), commander-in-chief of the China People's Liberation Army, vice chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC) and vice chairman of the National Defense Commission.