Pine, plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum are the embodiment of noble morality and fear of evil. The ancients often used these four images to express noble sentiments. There is a saying in Serina Liu's "Give it to a Brother": "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." Wang Ji's "Zhu Yong" said: "Cold in old age is different, different from ordinary vegetation." Yuan Zhen's poem "Chrysanthemum" has a cloud: "It's not that chrysanthemum is favored among flowers, but that this flower has no flowers." There are also many poems about Mei, such as "It is not snow from a distance, because there is a delicate fragrance." "Scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains." In 2004, I visited Su Shi's red plum in Beijing, showing the noble character that red plum is not afraid of the cold and does not compete with peaches and apricots for spring.
2. Send homesickness by "Moon" and "Goose"
The bright moon in the sky often evokes the homesickness of wanderers and poets, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night. Looking up, I found that the moonlight sank back, and I suddenly remembered my home. Du Fu's Moonlight Memories My Brothers, he knew that the dew would be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight at home was! And Su Shi's "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine" all express the poet's homesickness.
Wild geese are a kind of migratory birds, and ancient poems are often written in the homesickness of foreign travelers when they see wild geese flying south. In 2004, the poem published in the language volume of Hubei College Entrance Examination was Wang Wan's "The next berth on the North Fort Mountain". The last two sentences of this poem say, "I can finally send my emissary? Geese, return to Luoyang. "Poets wandering, to return to his hometown. Even the poets on the boat are not clear, so we have to hope that the geese in the north will send books for themselves in the spring. The image of returning geese shows the author's homesickness.
3. "Cuckoo" and "Partridge" cried sadly
Du Fu, also known as Zigui and Du Yu. In ancient mythology, Du Yu (that is, Wang Di), the king of Shu, retired to the mountains. After his death, his soul became Du Fu. He said that Du Fu was called "it is better to go home", so Du Fu in ancient poetry became a symbol of desolation and sadness. In 2004, the topic of poetry appreciation in the second volume of the national book was Yan Zhetian;
Gu Gu Tian Yan Dao Ji
Shili terraces lean on green, and cuckoos crow in the depths of flowers. Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time. Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day. It's better to return than to return. Is it true that the end of the world has not returned, and it is impossible to strive for a return date?
Question: Why does the author use this word to describe the cuckoo's cry? The answer to this question should start with the cuckoo's cry, and the word also mentions "the sound is not as good as going home", which expresses the author's homesickness outside drifting.
The image of "partridge" in ancient poems often reveals sadness. For example, Li Bai's "Visit to the Ancient in Vietnam": "Maids in the Palace are full of spring palaces, but now they are only flying partridges."
4. The leaves of "Indus" are sad.
There is an old saying called "rather critical", which means that the plane tree leaves have fallen. Writing sad autumn with phoenix tree is a common technique used by the ancients. In 2004, Zhu's Fujian Poetry was titled Autumn Night, in which the image of "phoenix tree" wrote:
The night is sleepless, the autumn wind is clear, and the candle flowers are frequently cut to night. The bed is cold and full of phoenix trees, and the moon is bright where phoenix trees are missing.
In this poem, the cool bed, the moon shadow and the phoenix tree create a lonely artistic conception.
5. Don't be a "pavilion" or a "willow tree"
In classical poetry, Yangliu is often associated with divorce. The Book of Songs, Picking Wei, writes: "I have been there, Yangliu Yiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " The swaying figure of weak willows can best convey the feelings of relatives and friends when they leave. In addition, "Liu" and "Liu" are also homophones. Pavilion is the place where the ancients bid farewell, so it is also an image that often appears in farewell poems. Liu Yong's "Yulinling" wrote these two images at the same time, which are "chilling and sorrowful, coming late for a long time." And "Where to wake up tonight, Yang Liuan Xiaofeng is dying."
6. Falling flowers and flowing water spread sadness.
The drop of "flowers" makes people feel pity and sadness, while the flow of "water" is noisy or soothing, which is the most worrying. Therefore, it is often used to express sadness in ancient poetry. For example, Li Yu's "Yu Meiren": "When the spring flowers and the autumn moon will end, how much is known about the past", "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward"; Another example is Li Qingzhao's "A Plum": "Flowers come from Shui Piao, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure."
7. "Crow" and "Swallow" rise and fall.
Crow is a kind of bird, which often appears in graves and other places and is often regarded as an ominous sign. Poets often use the image of "crow" to render the declining atmosphere. Swallow, because of its attachment to the old nest, has become the sustenance of classical poetry to express the changes of current events and express the feelings of historical rise and fall. There are many college entrance examination questions with the image of "crow", such as: In 2006, Hubei volume "Danyang sent Wei to join the army", In the evening, Jiangnan looked at Jiangbei, and Western Western jackdaw flew all over the water, and in 2006, Jiangsu volume "Partridge Sky" and "Mountain meets water, water is bright, and forest remnants meet crows". In 2007, Zhejiang introduced a comparative appreciation topic, namely "Wuyi Xiang" by Liu Yuxi, "Man Moon Circle" by Wu Ji and "Mountain Slope Sheep" by Yuan Dynasty. 6? 1 Swallow, all three works express a deep sense of ups and downs through the image of "Swallow".
8. "Vegetation" is still undergoing personnel changes.
The vegetation is evergreen, but the personnel are quietly changing. Ancient poetry often uses "vegetation" to express the emotion of things being transformed and sigh over the rise and fall of history. For example, Yangzhou is slow, and the wheat is green ten miles after the spring breeze. In 2007, the appreciation topic of Hubei scroll poem Crossing the Qing Palace in China also used the image of a tree: "The jade tree has ascended to heaven, and only the tree can stay in the Forbidden City forever."