From the Song Dynasty poet Xie Tiao's "Looking at Xuancheng County"
On the day of getting off the bus, the gangsters stared at Shu Yuan.
Looking at the cold city, Pingchu is pale.
The mountain is blocked by the sun, and the stream is a spring valley spring.
Weiwei is far from Yaodian and the rock belt is far away.
Cutting the evil wind at dusk, mulberry leaves are cold smoke.
I am disappointed, my soul moves again and again.
Tiredness is a journey, and it is in the early days of life.
Who rules Ding Sheng would rather be white and fresh.
Fang abandoned Ru Nannuo and said that he would pay taxes in Liaodong field.
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In the summer of 495 (the second year of Jianwu), Xie Tiao was appointed as the magistrate of Xuancheng. The word "county" in the title refers to Xuancheng County. The first sentence "get off" means to arrive. Judging from the sentence of "cutting the evil wind at dusk, mulberry leaves cold smoke", it was late autumn when this poem was written. In other words, Xie Tiao has been in office for some days. However, he clearly remembers that on the day he arrived, "the gangsters stared at Shu Yuan". It's not that the moon is bright and the wind is clear, but that the moon is incomplete and the night is heavy. "Wang Shu" refers to the moon. These two sentences are actually from Zhang Xie's miscellaneous poem "Get off the bus like yesterday, and wish four or five yuan". It seems ordinary, but in fact it contains twists and turns. "Get off the bus day" is not today, times have changed. However, the poet still remembers, and he mentioned it first, which has revealed his lonely mood as a magistrate of Xuancheng. The broken moon, like a broken shadow, always haunts the poet. Therefore, when he looked at the county, what he experienced was the scene of Xiao Su, a vast and wild nature: "Looking at the cold city is peaceful and peaceful." This couplet has laid a "pale" background for the whole poem with its vast and boundless scenery from a large number of cold cities. When the poet looks at this cold city, it is a vast color. This organically combines subjective feelings with objective scenery, and expresses the poet's loneliness by painting and dyeing the unique colors in autumn. Moreover, the "one" and "right" in the two sentences echo each other, especially conveying the meaning of an epiphany. On the surface, the poet suddenly saw a vast color inside and outside the cold city. In fact, it is a sudden release of the poet's inner feelings. At this moment, the melancholy mood and the bleak physical environment suddenly communicated in a broad and muddy way. The following three parts continue to write about scenery. Third, fourth, write about mountains and rivers. "Lingyang", the name of the mountain; "Spring Valley", the name of water, is located in Xuancheng County. Looking from a distance, I can see that the mountain is high and dangerous, fluctuating and far from the horizon; The river gurgles and twists and turns, extending to the suburbs. The sentence "Wei" is near Chunguxi, and the sentence is far away from Yangshan. The composition is just in the form of a cross, which shows the skill of arranging needles and threads skillfully. This is real writing. Wulian still uses a real pen and continues to write about the scenery. The word "dusk" points out the time, vaguely indicating the time when the county boarded the ship. The poet has stopped to move his eyes and wasted a long time; The bleak images of "evil wind" and "cold smoke" add density to the vast primary colors and aggravate the cold tone. The evening breeze is a natural scenery, and mulberry trees are a farmhouse scenery, but in the eyes of the poet, they are all cold things, so it is said that "the evil wind cuts off the dusk and the mulberry trees raise cold smoke." In the heavy dusk, there is wind and smoke everywhere, and the poet's eyes are covered with a veil, and the autumn colors are gradually invisible. Therefore, a feeling of desolation hangs over the poet's heart more strongly: "I am so disappointed that my soul moves again and again." At this point, a "disappointment" turns off the poem "hope" and explains the specific mood "melancholy" of this hope. The poet looked at the cold city scene in autumn with a melancholy heart, and as a result, his mood became heavier and the scenery became more desolate. The soul goes with things, and the scenery is born of feelings. Structurally, this couplet is a turning point. At this point, the first part of the poem is about scenery, and the next part is about lyricism.
"Knot hair", when the word is weak. The ancients called twenty years old a weak crown, and the phrase "twenty years old is a weak crown" came from the Book of Rites Quli. According to the report, Xie Tiao/Kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/9 and followed Wang Xiaolong in Donglangfu at the age of 23. At that time, Tang Yu was a thief, Xiao Zilong was a festival, and he was the commander in chief of five counties: Huiji, Dongyang, Xin 'an, Linhai and Yongjia. Therefore, "I am tired of swimming and my life is early" is the poet's recollection of this period of life. "Tired Travel" shows that his original intention is not to get ahead in his career, nor to gallop on the battlefield and dominate the world. But "it happened in the early days of my life", showing an uncontrollable feeling-although it was not vilified, it was not very comfortable because it violated my original intention. What's more, it was precisely because of "things came out early" that Jingzhou suffered a series of blows afterwards, such as returning to Beijing with Wang Fu and Xuancheng magistrate, which aggravated the poet's mood of "traveling tired". This couplet confirms the content of "disappointment" and is a further development of the previous couplet. The last four sentences are sentence by sentence. For the story of "Who rules whom", see Confucius' Family Language. The sentence "Yao Ning" uses the story of Gong Jing sitting on one side of the hall, next to the fox's white fur. For details, see Yan Zi Chun Qiu. The phrase "Fang abandons" is based on the patriarchal affairs of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The patriarch is the satrap of Runan. Everything is told by Fan Pang. He is a hero, but he only promises himself. Therefore, there was a rumor at that time: "Runan is too defensive, and Nanyang's father painted his promise." "Tax" Sentence and Guan Ning. From Guan Ning to Liaodong, some people bask in cows in the fields and take them to a cool place to eat. Thus, Guan Ning became famous. Xie Tiao used four books and five classics in succession here, followed by the first couplet, indicating turning and retreating. It means that since we have embarked on a career and committed ourselves to a county, we must fulfill our duties and implement good governance, and we must never eat fat clothes and be incompetent. Xie Tiao once said in the poem "Looking at the Sunset": "Luoyang society can rest in peace only if there is no evil politics", which has the same ideological significance. Both of them are works of praise, both of them have feelings of "disappointment" and thoughts of good governance, which shows the coherence of Xie Tiao's thoughts. The allusions here are slightly complicated, and the sentence patterns change skillfully, which shows the poet's ingenuity.
On the whole structure, the first half of the poem depicts scenery and the second half expresses emotion, which inherits the structural style of Xie Lingyun's landscape poems and shows the typical structural characteristics of early landscape poems. Zhong Rong once commented that Xie Tiao was "good at writing poems spontaneously, but he wrote too many poems at the end" (Poetry), and this poem is also quite appropriate. This poem naturally begins with twists and turns in the ordinary, especially the second couplet, which captures a large number of vast and ethereal scenery, conveys an overall atmosphere and broad realm, and makes people feel distinct, intense and endless. It vividly expresses the poet's unique mood at this moment, and perfectly combines the description of the scene with empathy. The last chapter expresses feelings, but it appears three-dimensional twists and turns, with complicated allusions and hard-to-find themes, which makes people feel deeply hindered in reading. Perhaps the poet has something to hide and has to use this method, but in any case, it weakens the artistic integrity of poetry. This is a pity.