Zhaotong, located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, is an important hub for Yunnan to enter the Central Plains in history and the hub of the "Southwest Silk Road". Known as "the key is in the south of Yunnan and the throat is in the west of Sichuan", it is also the north gate of Yunnan leading to Sichuan and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Zhaotong spans east longitude10252' ~10519' and north latitude 26 55'~ 28 36'. The east-west width is 24 1km, and the north-south length is 234km, with a total area of 2302 1km. It borders Guizhou Province in the east, Sichuan in the northwest and Huize County in Qujing area in the south. The highway from Zhaotong area to Kunming, the provincial capital, has a mileage of 430 kilometers and the air navigation time is 30 minutes.
Zhaotong is a multi-ethnic community. Among the 56 ethnic groups in China, Zhaotong has 3 1 population, among which the population of Miao, Yi and Hui exceeds 65,438+10,000. Miao nationality is the most populous minority in Zhaotong; Yi is an indigenous people with a long history in Zhaotong, and the Hui population accounts for 1/4 of the Hui population in the province. Zhaotong is the area with the largest population of Hui nationality in Yunnan. Zhaotong area is the transition zone from Yunling Plateau to Sichuan Basin, cut by Jinsha River system, with high mountains and deep valleys, vertical and horizontal gullies and great height difference. The highest point in the south is Qiaojiayao Mountain, which is 4040 meters above sea level, and the lowest point in the north is Shuifu Gunkan Dam, which is 267 meters above sea level.
The relative height difference is 3773 meters, and the three-dimensional climate is very prominent. Wumeng Mountain and Wulian Peak in the middle span between them, forming a natural barrier that divides the natural environment of the whole area into two. It is often cloudy and foggy in the north, with few sunshine hours. There is less rainfall and more accumulated temperature in the south, which makes the whole north-south biological community have distinct characteristics. The oldest living fossil Alsophila spinulosa has grown to 1200 mu in Weixin, which has important scientific research and tourism value.
There are many famous local products in Zhaotong area, such as Wumengma, Zhaotong sauce, Cui Hua tea, Gastrodia elata, etc. Bamboo resources are more spectacular, bamboo shoots are nutritious, fresh and delicious, known as delicacies, and its precious edible fungus Dictyophora enjoys a high reputation. There are more than 30 kinds of fruits, especially apples, oranges, cherries and kiwifruit, and the output ranks first in the province.
Zhaotong has a long history of development. The ancients created a splendid Zhu Di culture, left many places of interest, and combined with the special topography, formed unique scenic tourism resources. Cultural landscapes include: Wuchi Road on the South Silk Road in China; The word "cliff" inscribed by Yuan Zituo in Yunnan in the Tang Dynasty when he conferred the title of Nanzhao King; A "human hanging coffin" on a cliff near a fast-flowing river; Large Neolithic cultural relics unearthed; "Guanqingting" with Suzhou garden charm, pavilions and water set each other off; Long Yun, the former residence of patriotic generals, Luo Binghui General Memorial Hall. There are many waterfalls in the natural landscape, and there is a limestone cave "Qinglong Cave" comparable to Yanzi Cave and Aru Ancient Cave. There is a waterfall with a vertical drop of 65 meters and a width of more than 20 meters, which is as spectacular as Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou. There is the "Huanglian River" natural scenic spot, which integrates waterfalls, beautiful and spectacular hundreds of rivers hanging rocks and water curtain corridors.
Zhaotong writers group-a group of literary writers named after their regions, the relative harvest of their literary creation and the relative backwardness of the economy where their literature occurred constitute a strange contrast, which is what people often say about Zhaotong literature phenomenon.
Since the 1980s, Yunnan has gradually emerged, forming a group of writers who strive hard. They are rooted in Zhaotong's profound cultural soil, persistently engaged in literary creation activities and made remarkable achievements. According to incomplete statistics, Zhaotong writers have published more than one million words in Dangdai, People's Literature, October, Everyone, China Writers and Poetry in recent years, and most of their works have been selected by China novella, Selected Novels, Novel Monthly, Selected Novelties and Poetry. A large number of fine works of art with a strong sense of urgency, mission and responsibility have emerged, and a number of influential writers and poets such as Song Jiahong, Fan Zhongwei, Zeng Lingyun and Xia have emerged, which has driven a large number of Zhaotong local literature lovers and formed a unique phenomenon of "Zhaotong writers", such as Xia's "A Big Pair of Sheep".
Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve: There are 15 species of cranes in the world, among which only black-necked cranes live on the plateau. Grusnigricolis, also known as "Tibetan crane" and "plateau crane", is a kind of crane endemic to China, which is mainly distributed in Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Black-necked crane is a national first-class protected wild animal, and it has been designated as an endangered rare bird in urgent need of rescue worldwide. At present, there are more than 6,000 black-necked cranes in the world, of which Zhaotong has 1.300, accounting for 1/5 of the total wild population of black-necked cranes in the world.
Black-necked cranes overwinter in Zhaotong area, mainly concentrated in the plateau meadow wetland in the eastern basin of the lower Jinsha River, with a geographical location of 26 40'-27 40' north latitude and103 02'-103 45' east longitude, showing a vertical distribution. In the whole Zhaotong area, Dashanbao has the largest number of black-necked cranes, and it is also the place with the largest wintering population of black-necked cranes in the world. Dashanbao has abundant sunshine, large daily temperature difference, small annual temperature difference and little precipitation in winter and spring. According to the meteorological data for many years, the annual average temperature here is 6.2℃, the annual rainfall is 1, 1 24.3mm, the annual evaporation is1,851.0mm, the average snow days are 34.6 days, the total sunshine hours are 2324.2h, and the maximum wind speed is 6.7m/.
Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province is located in Dashanbao Township, northwest of Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, with the north latitude10314' 55 ÷-103 23' 49 ÷ 2718' 38. Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve is now the largest wintering ground for black-necked cranes in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Black-necked crane is called "bird panda", which is the latest discovery of human beings and the only rare bird living on the plateau in the world. Here, you can witness groups of black-necked cranes dancing, strolling leisurely, soaring, gliding and playing, and living in harmony with the locals. You can also see beautiful wetlands, the habitat of black-necked cranes. Everything here has inspired many artists, travelers, poets and photographers! Every year, many photographers come to Dashanbao to shoot and do a lot of photography creation.