In the Tang Dynasty, the area south of Changsha was very desolate, and the hardships in Panzhou were imaginable. The poet was wronged and demoted, and moved from Suzhou, Jiangnan, where there was plenty of fish and water, to the remote Panzhou. The heart is self-evident. The poet's grievances were turned into a poem: "The heart of my country is filled with joy at the new year, and the sky is alone with tears." The New Year is here, and I am thousands of miles away from my relatives, so my homesickness naturally becomes even more intense. When people are happy, they are sad, and the tears of sadness flow down. In fact, sad tears have long been shed on the road to demotion: "Whoever wants to complain about the book cutting, there are no tears to shed." ("Piling Collection") It is difficult to control oneself when contacting officials and officials, but there are "New Year's tears to the country" ("New Year's Tears to the Country") Reward Guo Xia as a gift in Changsha.") This is similar to "thinking about relatives even more during festive seasons" (Wang Wei's "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th").
"When you grow old, you live under others, and when you return in spring, you come first", which is derived from Xue Daoheng's "When people return home behind the wild geese, their thoughts are in front of flowers" ("People think about returning home every day"), which is derived from the predecessors Integrating the feeling of official life into the simple homesickness expands the capacity and enhances the thickness of emotion. The two sentences were uttered out of emotion, naturally integrated, and they are sincere words of joy and sorrow. It has always been the poet's specialty to convey the meaning of the pen with proficiency and roundness, and to condense the words into sentences. The "old age" sentence inherits the "lonely sigh", and the "spring return" sentence inherits the "new year's cut", with meticulous context and deep affection. The poet felt that he was "too old" in his years, but was demoted and "living below others". At the beginning of the new year, spring is coming all over the world, but we are still stuck in the south of the country with no hope of promotion, so sometimes I feel like I am not waiting for you, but I am the first to return with spring. The grief and anger were simmering, and I couldn't control myself, so I expressed it in four sad sentences in a row.
The two sentences "Monkeys in the mountains share the same day and night, rivers and willows are surrounded by wind and smoke" describe the scenery of the barren mountains and rivers on the horizon. The cry of apes accumulates sad poetic images. The ancient ballad "The ape cries three times and tears wet the clothes" arouses resentment, and uses this attribute to introduce the sad and shrill sound into the poem. It is the same sentimental sound image as the sobbing Longshui in the north, and both make people feel sad and longing for home. . Liu Changqing's official activities were mainly in the south. There are many sentences expressing ape crows in his poems: "The ape cries in the dream", "The ape cries thousands of miles away", "The ape cries thousands of miles away". And here, the "Tongdanmu" is emphasized again - morning and evening, day and night, it is heard in the ears, causing sadness and thoughts, and then vividly depicts the "hometown heart". The melancholy on this first day of the new year has a different feeling in my heart. Looking from a distance, the willows on the banks of the river not only did not bring vitality and new ideas to the poet, on the contrary, the wind and smoke cleared the air and shrouded it in a mist, which cast a thick layer of mist on the poet's heart.
In the mood of depression and loss, the poet let out a long sigh: "I am already like Fu in Changsha, how many years will it be from now on?" Here I borrow an allusion from Jia Yi. Jia Yi, a talented man from Luoyang, has the ambition to help the world and the country. , he stood out for the first time, but was slandered by the powerful and powerful, and was promoted to the Taifu of Changsha. When the poet was demoted this time, he also felt that he had failed because of his merits. He was frustrated and complained from time to time: "The earth is far away and the Mingjun abandons it, and the sky is high and the cruel officials bully him" ("First Demotion from Nanba to Poyang, Inscribed on Li Jiayou Jiangting"), so Jia Yi is cited as the same tune. , and there is a feeling of "similarity" of "the same people who have fallen into the world". However, since he was dissatisfied with the powerful family and worried that he would never be able to return, he could not help but worry about "how many years from now on". At this point, the poet craned his neck to look at Chang'an in the distance, his heart returning, and his lingering back seemed to be right in front of him; he seemed to be able to hear deep sighs.
The emotion of the poem is deep and sorrowful, the couplets are full of emotions, and there are sighs from beginning to end. Only the neck couplet describes the scenery, which is light and dense but not brilliant, and the mood is pathos. The whole poem has a deep structure, with the style of "the threads are lingering and continuous, the taste is connoted and the purpose is enriched by chanting" (Lu Wenzhao's words). As far as his character is concerned, he belongs to the Dali family and is showing signs of sudden decline. "Qi Sha Tang Poems": Fu said: Su and Li were in the forefront, Shen and Song were on par with each other. Even in this article, they are all rivals in terms of workmanship, so they are naturally out of reach.
"Yingkui Lvsui": Three or four charges can be obtained by infinite thinking, otherwise you will be satisfied with it.
"Yingkui Lvsui Review": Ji Yun: The third and fourth periods are from the early Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty, and they seem to be derived from Xue Daoheng's "People Think of Returning Home". Three or four sentences, gradually win over each other with mind, instead of returning to the old habit of stacking. It is more wonderful than ingenuity, dense and pure, so it is elegant. Xu Yinfang: Three or four refined techniques, there was no such ingenuity in the early Tang Dynasty.
"Mirror of Tang Poems": Three and four are so profound, how refined the words are!
"Summary of Poetry Mirror": Liu Changqing's body is deeply emotional and he is good at casting meaning. His advantages are completely different from those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "Yellow leaves reduce the remaining years" is the tone of Yu Xin and Wang Bao. "When you grow old and live among others, you come home in spring before you come home." How can the sentence "return in spring" be subtracted from the words of Xue Daoheng's "People Think of Returning Every Day"!
"Tang Lu Xiao Xia Lu": Every sentence is spoken from the word "Qie", and one feels calm. The words "Tong" and "***" are used to describe the word "Du" in the fifth and sixth words. , very wonderful.
"Tang Poems": clever sentences. Different from the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it is here (under the sentence "Spring Returns").
"Poetic Style": In the first sentence of the sentence, the word "New Year" is used to highlight the title, and the word "Hometown Heart" is added to the title. The meaning of the title has also been pointed out. The next sentence follows the previous sentence and is fully written, covering both the title and the meaning. The upper sentence of the chin couplet inherits the lower sentence of the chin couplet to write about his failure. The next sentence follows the previous sentence to write that he cannot return. Neck couplets describe both scenes and emotions, which is the so-called scene that captures both scenes. The end of the last sentence is in Nanba, and the second sentence returns to the new year. The words are exhausted but the meaning is not exhausted. It is said that starting from this new year, I don’t know how many more years I will be here. It also echoes the word "hometown heart" above. meaning. Especially in the first couplet, the second sentence of the chin couplet is used to gain the spirit. (Product) Beautiful.