Beethoven, Mozart, Schumann, Strauss the Great, Strauss the Little,
Chopin, Haydn, Schubert, Mach, Liszt,
Bicai, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, dvorak,
Britten, Cherny, Debussy, Degert, Foster,
Gershwin, Grieg, sibelius, Kodaly, carl orff,
Rossini, Rimsky-Korsakov, Verdi, Stravinsky, prokofiev,
Puccini, Paganini, Vivaldi, Weber, Bedrich Smetana,
Saint-Sang, Mahler and Modest Petrovic Mussorgky.
Detailed introduction:
Introduction of world famous musicians (/dispbbs.asp? ; ; board id = 18 & amp； id=6206)
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-Music information: introduction of world famous musicians
Beethoven (1770- 1827)
Ludwig? Where is it? Beethoven belongs to a generation deeply influenced by the French Revolution. He was influenced by the vision of freedom and personal dignity. The favorable weather, geographical location and human harmony have created an artist who is most sensitive to the pulse of the new century. He created the music of a heroic era and praised the belief that "man has the right to decide his own destiny" in an unforgettable tone.
biography
Beethoven was born in Bonn in the Rhine Valley of Germany. His father and grandfather were local election marquis Max? Frederick's court singer. This family is an unfortunate one, and his father is addicted to alcohol, so Beethoven was forced to take over the burden of raising his mother and two younger brothers very early. At the age of eleven and a half, he worked as an assistant organist in the court church. A year later, he became an clavichord player in the court band. At the age of seventeen, he visited Vienna. There, he had the opportunity to play for Mozart. He made a wonderful improvisation with a theme given by Mozart, and made Mozart say to his friends, "Pay attention to him, and one day he will be famous all over the world." A few years later, the Elector paid him to study with Haydn in Vienna. He left the city where he was born at the age of 22 and never came back. Unfortunately, the old Haydn didn't like the violent temperament and independent spirit of young Beethoven. When Beethoven and other famous artists studied music, one of them declared very pedantically, "He didn't learn anything, and he won't write anything in an orthodox style."
At that time, he was welcomed by powerful patrons in Vienna's aristocratic families. The names of these patrons appear in the dedication of his works, including Prince Li Xi Lovsky, Prince Lobkowitz, Razumovski's Fear, and so on. These musicians, like ordinary people, were deeply excited by Beethoven's unique improvisation, rich musical ideas, novel handling methods of these musical ideas and the passion contained in them. In a revolutionary era, this young genius turned into a passionate rebel. He called the princes "noble rabble" and forced them to regard him as an equal friend.
Just as the baby eagle was about to fly high, fate hit his most vulnerable place: he began to lose his hearing. Faced with this kind of distress, he can do nothing, which is a devastating blow to his self-esteem. He accepted the doctor's wrong advice and lived in seclusion in a summer resort called Heiligenstadt 1802 on the outskirts of Vienna. His mental pain and his desire for life and creation have a fierce conflict in his heart. He wrote Heiligenstadt's suicide note: "It was art, and she kept me. Oh! I think it is impossible for me to leave this world until I have completed all the tasks entrusted to me. In this way, I am living this painful life, which is really painful! "
Life refuses to give him joy, but art will give it to him. He pulled himself together and showed a desire to fight. "I want to hold the fate by the throat, it will never let me yield. Oh, how beautiful it would be to live a thousand times! " Beethoven overcame his own chaos. As a result, he believed that human beings could overcome chaos. This has become the heroic theme in his music: the development process from despair to struggle, from struggle to calm, from calm to victory and joy.
In the remaining years of Beethoven, he made unremitting efforts to express his pursuit of ideals and achieve perfection. Musicians and critics at that time may find fault with the boldness of his thoughts, but his victory is certain. More and more people, especially the younger generation, have responded to his powerful music. His life seems calm on the surface, but he quarrels with his colleagues and friends. He became more and more suspicious and irritable, especially in his last years of complete deafness. His complicated transactions with publishers, his troubled love and his painful relationship with his nephew Carl all constitute an extremely tense inner life. However, the continuous development of his spiritual world has produced deeper insight and opened up new fields for music art.
1827 When Beethoven died on March 26th, the schools in Vienna closed for mourning, and more than 20,000 Viennese people attended his grand funeral.
Style of works
Beethoven is the most advanced music architect, and his genius is reflected in the ideological structure of sonata-symphony. His shorthand book shows how his idea of music was finally formed step by step, and also shows how much effort he made when he injected these materials into the inevitable form.
Beethoven inherited the sonata form of Haydn and Mozart and transformed it into a huge structure suitable for his own thoughts. He enlarged the scale of the first movement, especially the ending. Like Haydn and Mozart, he regards unfolding as the power center of sonata style. His short and profound themes provide unlimited opportunities for expansion and development, and they unfold with fierce strength and momentum. Adagio movement has the characteristics of hymn in Beethoven's hands, which embodies Beethoven's sorrow. He turned the minuet into a scherzo and a rhythmic movement, with emotions ranging from "laughing" to mystery and surprise. He expanded the finale into a movement similar to the first movement in scale and artistic conception, which made the symphony return in triumph.
In Beethoven's art, piano music occupies a central position, and his 32 sonatas are an indispensable part of the repertoire, whether for amateur pianists or concert soloists. They are properly called the pianist's "New Testament" ("Old Testament" refers to Bach's piano music collection with even rhythm). Comparison of strength. Explosive stress, opposition between high and low areas, syncopation and strong gradual strengthening are the basic characteristics of Beethoven's piano style. His love for theme variation is also very distinctive. In this respect, he is an outstanding architect. He used endless ideas to build towering buildings from the simplest materials.
Beethoven believed that symphonies were an ideal means to address human beings, and his nine symphonies were spiritual dramas with universal appeal. They affirmed life with overwhelming and exciting momentum. In the third symphony (Hero), Beethoven's style has matured. This work was originally dedicated to Napoleon, who believed that Napoleon was the embodiment of revolutionary spirit and human freedom. Beethoven gave up his illusions when the news that Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor came. The enraged composer tore out a page from his newly completed work and rewritten it as "Hero Symphony, written in memory of a great man".
It is generally believed that the Fifth Symphony is the prototype of a symphony, which has everything that a symphony has. The Seventh Symphony can be compared with it in many ways. The ninth chorus symphony played the deep tone of Beethoven's last period. In its finale, Schiller's famous Ode to Joy was sung by human voices, which is a resounding prophecy of the times.
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Bach (johann sebastian bach, 1685- 1750)
Bach John? Sebastian? Bach was the greatest and most influential composer in Europe in the first half of the18th century. He is an important representative figure in the baroque music period. Because of his outstanding creative activities and great contribution to the development of music art, Bach is known as the "father of music" in the history of world music.
Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany on March 2 1685. Bach was very interested in music when he was young. He quickly mastered the playing methods of organ, violin and other musical instruments, and at the same time began to show his edge in composition. Bach began to participate in music activities extensively in middle school, and later worked as a singer in the church in Lombard. Bach started as a musician from 1708, and created many valuable works.
Bach's music is entirely German-style. He is a famous master of polyphony. His works are solemn and rigorous in style, pure and pious, with excellent writing skills and profound contents. He made important development and innovation in many musical forms, such as concerto, orchestral music and piano music.
Bach created a large number of works in his life, and his genre forms are also very diverse, including organ music, piano music, violin music, cello music, flute music, oratorios, orchestral music and many religious acoustic and instrumental works. The most famous of these works are Tokata and fugue in D minor, Piano Suite with Average Rhythm, French Suite, English Suite, The Art of fugue, Violin Concerto in A minor, Violin Sonata and Suite for Violin in Six Kubinashi, Cello Sonata and Suite for Violin in Six Kubinashi, Brandenburg Concerto and Farmer Kang.
Bach's exquisite musical skills and profound philosophical implications in his works make him a giant in the music industry. Although his music is closely related to the old tradition of polyphony in style, he actively developed the idea of theme harmony, thus raising polyphony to a new level. Bach's music is philosophical, but the philosophy in his works is combined with lyricism and scenery writing, so his music makes people feel more intimate and acceptable. Bach is the link between the past and the future. His music absorbed the highest achievements of music creation in previous centuries and laid a solid foundation for the emergence of great musicians such as Beethoven in the future.
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Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840 ~ 1893).
biography
Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky was born in the remote Russian province of Vattins, the son of a government official. He/Kloc-graduated from Petersburg Law School at the age of 0/9 and worked in the Ministry of Justice. At the age of 23, he resigned from public office and entered the newly established St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music, where he completed his studies in three years. Principal Anton. Rubinstein recommended him to teach at Moscow Conservatory of Music. After busy teaching, he devoted himself diligently to composing music and created some successful works. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky has a sensitive personality, and his hasty marriage aggravated his misfortune and almost made him have a nervous breakdown. At this moment, a kind female patron Nadezhda von Meek appeared. She sponsored him to go abroad until he recovered; This also freed him from teaching and began a productive creative period. Their friendship thus began through correspondence. Since then, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's reputation has gradually spread, and he became the first Russian to arouse western interest with his own music. In his correspondence in recent years, he revealed that he had no illusions and suspected that he had nothing to express. But he still composed two of the best symphonies. No sooner had he finished the sixth symphony "Pathetique" than he suddenly contracted cholera and died at the age of 53.
Few composers are like Peter? Ilych? Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky can represent the mood at the end of19th century. He belongs to a generation that sees that their faith has been shattered and nothing can replace it. No one showed the pessimism that accompanied the last stage of the romantic movement like him.
Stravinsky said: "He is the most thorough Russian of all of us." In the eyes of Chinese people, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky is a national artist, and he puts Russian factors in a very weighty position in music. "Because of the simple Russian scenery, walking in the fields and forests of Russia in summer or walking on the grassland in the evening can impress me. I will be overwhelmed by a trend of loving nature and lie on the ground at a loss." At the same time, when composing music, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky is a cosmopolitan. He is fascinated by Italian opera, French ballet, German symphony and songs. He absorbed them into the folk melody he inherited as a Russian, and marked this mixture with distinctive marks.
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Dvorak (184 1- 1904)
The most important composer of the Czech nation. Born in a small business family in the countryside. He studied in Prague Organ School for three years. From 65438 to 0862, he joined Prague National Opera Band, playing viola and writing. After resigning from the band, he mainly engaged in creation, teaching and performance activities. He received an honorary doctorate in music from Cambridge University and was the dean of new york Conservatory of Music and Prague Conservatory of Music. His music is closely related to the life of the Czech people and the struggle for national independence. His first successful work was a patriotic ode for chorus and band. Music language is easy to understand and vivid. The well-known symphony "New World" (the Ninth Symphony) (from the New World) not only expressed his feelings about American life, but also expressed his nostalgia for his hometown when he was a guest in a foreign country.
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Bicai (location: 1833- 1875)
French composer. /kloc-entered the Paris Conservatory of Music at the age of 0/0, and/kloc-0 won the Rome Prize in 857. Bicai is a pioneer of realistic opera, which has an important influence on opera creation in France and Europe. The orchestral suite "Girls in Alec City" is a decisive work on his creative path, and the last opera "Carmen" marks the highest achievement of his creation. This outstanding work is an important milestone in the history of French opera and a masterpiece of realistic opera in the second half of the19th century, which directly inspired the rise of Italian realistic opera. Other works include the operas Pearl Pickers and Tang? Procopio, suite for two pianos, children's games, piano variations, serenades, etc.
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Benjamin britten (19 13- 1976)
British composer. I went to Gresham School in my early years and began to learn music. From 65438 to 0930, he entered the Royal Conservatory of Music in London to study Benjamin's piano and Irish composition. 1935 to 1939, mainly composing music for radio broadcasting, drama and movies. 1939 went to America. 1942 After returning to China, he performed as a pianist in various parts of Britain and continued to compose music. Representative works include: chorus "The Birth of a Child", "The Ceremony of a Christmas Carol" and "Spring Symphony"; Instrumental music Frank? Variations on the theme of "Bridge", Guide to Youth Orchestra; Vocal work Ode for Female Voice and Harp; The opera Peter? Grims, etc. In addition, he wrote a song for China's ancient poems.
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Brahms (Jkhannes Brahms 1833? 1897)
German composer. He is the last classical composer with great influence in the history of German music, and is regarded as a "retro school" in the romantic music period of19th century. Among these four magnificent symphonies, the first symphony is called "Beethoven's Tenth Symphony". Brahms, while inheriting the structural form of classical symphony, endowed his works with romantic color and temperament. The works are rigorous in structure, rich in emotion and grand in scale. He also applied the rigorous polyphony and motivation development techniques of German classical composers to the creation of symphonies. Other important works include piano concerto in D major, Hungarian dance music No.5 and No.6, orchestral overture of college ceremony, lullaby of musical works, etc.
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Cherny (carl czerny, 179 1- 1857)
Austrian composer, pianist and piano educator. He studied piano with his father when he was a child. He studied piano from Beethoven in 1800, and was influenced by hummel and clementi to study their teaching methods. /kloc-started to be a piano teacher at the age of 0/5, and taught some excellent pianists such as Liszt. As the founder of Vienna Piano School in the first half of the 9th century, he systematically recognized piano teaching books, such as<& lt fast and smooth etudes >>,< fingering skill textbooks for preparatory courses >>,< left-handed textbooks >>,< advanced skill textbooks >>, and performed piano works in ancient and modern times >:> He has created a wide range of works. Nearly a thousand books have been published. He also adapted many famous works from other schools into piano works, such as Rossini's opera.
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Debussy (Claude Debussy, 1862- 19 18)
French composer. The pioneer of impressionist music. Works are usually based on poems, paintings and natural scenery, aiming at expressing their subjective impressions in the sensory world. According to the artistic conception of Malarme's poems of the same name, his orchestral prelude "Afternoon of the Faun" and the opera "pelias and Melisand" adapted for maeterlinck's plays of the same name fully show his unique creative personality. His important works include piano music Moonlight, Girl with Flaxen Hair, Reflection in the Water, Orchestral Music The Sea, Nocturne and so on.
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Degeyter ( 1848- 1932)
French worker composer. Born in Ghent, Belgium, he became a French citizen and settled in Lille. When I was young, I sang in Lille Church, then worked as a worker (furniture maker, sculptor, modeler) and participated in the workers' movement. Conductor of Lille's "Voice of Workers" Choir since 1887. In his spare time, he composed more than 20 workers' songs, the masterpiece of which is "The Song of the Proletarians in the World"-"The Internationale", written by the worker poet Eugene Porter Ye,1June, 888. Others are Degeyter's Song of Uprising and Working Class. His own lyrics include Song of the Producers' Party, Children's Branch and Red Saints.
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Stephen Collins Foster (1826? 1897)
American composer. Self-taught without formal training. I used to be a shopkeeper in my hometown of Pittsburgh and a singer of an amateur men's quintet. The songs of black workers had a great influence on it. The song "Oh Susanna" became popular, and nearly 200 songs were written. Most of the works are simple and smooth in melody, simple and deep in feelings, slightly sad in color and widely circulated, which can be regarded as folk songs. Such as relatives in my hometown, Kenta in my hometown, old slaves, rest in peace in the cold soil, beautiful dream gods, etc.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756- 179 1)
Mozart's music contains some incredible things. People know how his music was created, where it developed and how it achieved its goal, but its beautiful voice and perfect style, its profundity and elegance are difficult to analyze and describe with pen and ink. There was a moment in the history of music when all the opposites were consistent and all the tensions were eliminated. Mozart was that glorious moment.
It has always been thought that Mozart taught musical instruments to sing. Mozart integrated the lyricism of the great vocal art in the past into his exquisite instrumental music form. Mozart's musical inspiration comes neither from folk songs nor from nature. His music is chamber music, profound and implicit, rooted in the cultures of two music cities-Salzburg and Vienna.
biography
Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, and began his musical career as the most famous musical prodigy in18th century. From the age of six, his father Leopold? Mozart took him and his sister Nannerl on a trip in Europe, including Paris, London and Munich. When he returned to Salzburg at the age of sixteen, the eldest bishop died and the new archbishop became more severe and bossy. Mozart clashed with the archbishop many times, and finally submitted his resignation and publicly broke with him. Mozart came to Vienna at the age of 25 and began his career as a freelance artist. 1782, Mozart married constance against his father's wishes? Wilbur is married. Constance is an ordinary woman, but Mozart has always been deeply attached to her. 1786, Mozart according to Lorenzo? Da? Pang's close-up script created the opera The Wedding of Figaro, which was a great success in Vienna and Prague and reached the peak of his career. The next year, Mozart and Da Da? Ponte co-authored the opera Don? Juan, a superficial audience at that time, had a hard time understanding this work. Mozart's life became more and more difficult in the last few years. In order to maintain his daily life, he is busy with teaching, acting and writing, and often falls into a situation of poverty and illness. When he sells his works at a low price, he often goes into debt. His creation has decreased. But in the last year of his life, he mustered all his strength and made a final effort. He composed the opera The Magic Flute. 179 165438+ In February, Mozart died while writing a requiem. At that time, his wife was seriously ill and there was not even a penny at home. The funeral was simple and no relatives sent him to see it. He was buried in a poor man's grave. After a snowstorm, his grave was never found.
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Liszt ferenc. 18 1 1- 1886)
Hungarian composer, pianist and conductor. In his early years, he was famous in European countries for his excellent piano skills, and also engaged in creation and criticism. Most of his works clearly show his love for the motherland, the people, life and nature, and show strong national characteristics and spirit. Liszt greatly enriched the expressive force of the piano, gave full play to the piano playing skills and solo timbre, and made the piano music not only poetic and picturesque in lyric sketches of chamber music, but also magnificent and brilliant in symphony effect. Together with Berlioz, he advocated new title music. He created the genre of symphonic poems with single movement title, thus expanding the field of orchestral performance. His major works include: symphonic poem Tasso, Prometheus, symphonic poem Faust, 19 hungarian rhapsody, a large number of etudes and piano music Dream of Love.
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Gershwin (george gershwin, 1898- 1937)
American modernist composer and jazz pianist. He began to write pop songs in his early years, and began to write operas and instrumental works after 19 19. His music successfully absorbed the rhythm, melody and instrumental style of black dance music and jazz music, and was deeply loved by people. His works include rhapsody in blue (piano and jazz band) and Rhapsody No.2; The phonetic poem "An American in Paris" and "Piano Concerto in F Major"; Based on the opera "Monster and Beth" that black people have been performing all their lives. He is one of the representatives of American pop music composers.
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Schumann (robert schumann, 18 10- 1856)
German composer and music critic studied law at Leipzig University, studied piano with Vic at the age of 65,438+09, and founded New Music Newspaper at the age of 65,438+0834, publishing a large number of critical articles, which became the mouthpiece of the artistic tendency of innovation and progress in German music art life at that time. 1840 married the German pianist Clara, Vic's daughter. 1854 went insane and died in a mental hospital. Representative works include piano music Butterfly, Carnival, Childhood Scene and so on. Vocal divertimento "Women's Love and Life" and "Poet's Love"; Art songs such as Moonlit Night, Dedication and Walnut Tree. Schumann inherited and developed the tradition of Schubert's song creation, further enriched the expression method of piano accompaniment, and paid attention to choosing poetic lyrics, so he enjoyed the title of "poet musician".
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Edvard Grieg (1843- 1907)
Norwegian composer. Norwegian Folk Music School is the first composer to gain European reputation since the second half of19th century. He began to compose music at the age of 9 and graduated from Leipzig Conservatory of Music from 65438 to 0862. In music creation, he combined western European music technology and the harmony characteristics of Chopin, Schumann and Wagner, the romantic music schools in the19th century, with Norwegian folk music, forming a unique Nordic music style. In his music for Ibsen's poetic drama Per Gunter, the melody of Solvig is related to Norwegian folk songs. As a lyric poet among musicians, Grieg is called "Chopin of Northern Europe". His main works are music: overture Autumn, Pearl Gold Suite, and String Orchestra from Holburg era; Piano music: sonata and lyrics in e minor 10; Chorus "In front of a monastery in the south"; Drama music "Sigur Josafa" and so on.
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Chopin (frederic chopin, 18 10- 1849)
Among the first-class artists, Chopin is the only master who concentrates his creative life on the piano. From the beginning, his imagination was dedicated to the keyboard. ......
My life ... is an episode with no beginning but a sad ending.
Polish composer Frederic? Francois? Chopin is half French. His father moved from France to Warsaw to teach French to aristocratic children. Chopin showed his musical talent as a child and studied at the newly established Warsaw Conservatory of Music. At school, he fell in love with the young singer constance? When Gratkovska was nineteen, he wrote a piano concerto in F minor. It is said that this young girl inspired Chopin's creation. 183 1 In September, Chopin came to Paris, and he was connected with the artistic life of this city for the rest of his life. Chopin kept in touch with many outstanding artists in the salon, such as musicians Liszt and Berlioz, writers Hugo, Balzac and George? Sang, Heine, painter Delacroix. Chopin met Aurore with "a pair of melancholy eyes" through Liszt? Mrs. Du Wangde, the world famous novelist George? Sang. Chopin's first impression of her was not good, but she was soon conquered by her charm. Under the control of a passion he had never experienced before, his musical imagination reached a high level of excitement. For the next eight years, Chopin spent every summer at noon. Sang's villa. These years are also the most prosperous period of Chopin's creation. But his health is getting worse and worse. Him and George? Sang's feelings also broke down. His last letter was full of loneliness and despair. 1848 performed in England and died a few months after returning to Paris at the age of 39. His funeral was held in Mozart's requiem and his own funeral March. He was buried in Lachez cemetery, and a friend scattered Polish soil on his grave.
Chopin is one of the most original artists in the Romantic era. His style is entirely his own, and he will never confuse his own style with others'. Among the first-class artists, Chopin is the only master who concentrates his creative life on the piano. From the beginning, his imagination was dedicated to the keyboard, and he created a world in this narrow structure. His genius even turned the limitations of the piano into a source of beauty. Of course, the main limitation of the piano is that it can't play any continuous tone, but Chopin skillfully overcame this. /ca & gt；