Li Bai's poetry has a strong romantic spirit. With his genius artistic creation, he used a variety of techniques in a wider range to expand the field of romantic expression. Its characteristics are mainly reflected in the following four aspects.
(1) Strong subjective color and romantic sentiment
Li Bai is a sober realist, and his poetry is a strong voice of the times based on real life. . Most of Li Bai's poems are lyrical poems. In these poems, the poet does not express life calmly and meticulously, but focuses on expressing his personal fiery inner emotions. He expresses his distinctive personality with strong subjective color and romantic sentiment. originality. For example, when criticizing the political darkness, he angrily rebuked "Barbarians and sheep are all over the middle and wild, and the high gates are full of crocodiles" ("Ancient Style", Chapter 51); when criticizing the Anshi Rebellion, he cried out sadly: "White bones turn into hills, and the common people are like mountains." What a crime?" ("Gift to the Excellent Prime Minister Wei of Jiangxia")! express his intense anger. He is always very confident when describing his ideals, "I am born with talents that will be useful" ("Will Enter the Wine"), "There will be times when the wind and waves break" ("The Journey Is Difficult" Part 1), and when expressing his pursuit of freedom, It is even more wild: "When will the wind and clouds soar, and the fighting string will be able to do it?" ("Gift to the New Pingsha Year") "Once the wind blows with the Dapeng, it will fly up to 90,000 miles" ("Shang Li Yong") all show a kind of He has an uninhibited, arrogant and unyielding spirit, especially when there is an irresolvable conflict between his progressive ideals and the dark reality, the subjective color of his poetry becomes even stronger. For example, "Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Tower Farewell to the School Secretary Shu Yun": "Those who abandon me will not be able to stay yesterday, and those who mess up my heart will be troubled today!" This sudden onset directly expresses the depression in his heart, which shows his mental depression. strong. Then he turned to describing what he saw and felt when he climbed the stairs. He was drunk and in high spirits, and it seemed that all the worries were swept away. However, the darkness of reality still exists, and emotions have not calmed down. Therefore, the following poems fall into greater depression, hoping to find relief in the passive escape from the world: "Cut the knife to cut off the water, the water will flow more, raise the cup to eliminate the sorrow, and the sorrow will become more sorrowful. Life is not satisfactory in the world, and the dispersion in the Ming Dynasty will make the boat flat." This is how the poet expresses his inner anguish, depression, pursuit and hope. The above-mentioned expression of passionate emotions gives Li Bai's poems a strong subjective color of self-expression, showing a distinctive arrogant and unyielding personality, which embodies Li Bai's poems of "romantic waves, letting go of restraints" (Yuan Zhen) Language), the characteristic of capturing people with Qi.
(2) Use rich and peculiar imagination to express emotions
The romantic characteristics of Li Bai’s poetry are also reflected in his good use of rich and peculiar imagination to describe images. Express feelings. He sometimes uses the dream world to capture surreal images, create a beautiful ideal world, and express his thoughts and feelings of despising darkness and pursuing light. For example, in "Dream Wandering in Heaven's Farewell", travelers from the sea talk about Yingzhou, and it is hard to find letters in the misty waves; people in Yue Dynasty talk about Tianmu, and the clouds are dimming or visible. Grandma Tian reaches the sky and stretches across the sky, pulling out the five mountains to cover up her sincerity. The rooftop is 48,000 feet long, and it is tilted toward the southeast. I want to dream of Wu Yue and fly across the Jinghu Lake in the moonlight overnight. The moon over the lake shines on my shadow and sends me to Yanxi River. Xie Gong's residence is still there today, and the green water is rippling and the apes are singing. Wearing Xie Gong's clogs, we climbed the Qingyun Ladder. Half of the wall can see the sea and the sun, and the sky can smell the chickens. Thousands of rocks and ravines, the road is uncertain, and the lost flowers and leaning on the rocks suddenly become silent. Bears roar and dragons chant in Yinyan Spring, and the sound of water flowing deep into the forest is startling at the top of the mountain. The clouds are green as if it is raining, and the water is sluggish with smoke. There was a thunderbolt when the columns were missing, and the hills collapsed. The stone door of the cave opens suddenly. The vast blue sky has no bottom, and the sun and moon shine on the gold and silver platform. Ni is the clothes, the wind is the horse, and the kings of clouds come and go one after another. The tiger drums and the harp are playing, and the carriages are returning, and the immortals are standing in rows like hemp. Suddenly his soul palpitates and his soul moves, he suddenly wakes up in fright and has a long discussion. But when I sleep on my pillow, I lose the ever-present haze. The same is true for pleasure in the world. Since ancient times, everything has flowed eastwards. When will you return after leaving? Let the white deer wander among the green cliffs and ride to visit famous mountains as soon as possible. An Neng's humiliation makes me unhappy. With the help of dreams, the surreal images of roosters singing, the sea sun rising into the sky, bears roaring and dragons roaring, and horses in neon clothes exaggerating the magnificence and beauty of the fairy world, reflecting the filth and darkness of reality, and expressing lofty ideals. In some poems, he used myths and legends to gallop his imagination, boldly exaggerated, and used unrestrained momentum to describe majestic and magical images of mountains and rivers, expressing his broad mind and heroic spirit. "The Road to Shu is Difficult" is such a famous poem. At the beginning of this poem, it integrates historical legends and ancient times, and uses exaggeration to emphasize the majestic tone of "the road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the clear sky". It then highlights the difficulties and obstacles of the road to Shu: "There are The six dragons are returning to the high standard, and there are rushing waves and twists and turns back to Sichuan. I sat down with my hands on my back and sighed, wondering when I would return to the west. I was afraid of the unreachable rocks, but I saw mournful birds flying around the forest. It is difficult to climb up to the blue sky, so that people can listen to the withered beauty." The myth of "Six Dragons Returning to the Sun" in the poem. The exaggeration of the difficulty of flying the yellow crane and the imagination of "mangjinli well" are used over and over again to blend into one, layer by layer exaggerating the high danger of the mountain, and layer by layer reflecting the difficulty and danger of the Shu road. Then, the desolate atmosphere such as the wailing of mourning birds and the night cry of Zigui is used to set off the landscape of Shu Road, expressing the poet's admiration for the magnificent mountains and rivers and some hidden worries about real politics. Yin Quan praised this poem as "strange and strange" and said that "it is rare to see such a style since the poet returned" ("Heyue Yingling Collection").
Pi Rixiu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, said that Li Bai's poems "speak out of heaven and earth, think about ghosts and gods, read them with great joy, and measure them with all kinds of thoughts in mind; they are all fallen into pieces, could they be the world's talkers" ("Liu Zaoqiang Monument") ), refers to this type of poem.
(3) Skillfully use rhetoric to express passionate emotions
Using bold exaggeration, novel metaphors, and personification are also common artistic techniques used by Li Bai to express romantic feelings. Sometimes, he uses both exaggeration and metaphor. "The white hair is three thousand feet long, and the fate is as long as the head" ("Qiupu Song", Part 15), "The snowflakes from Yanshan come to the table" ("Beifeng Xing"), all are exaggerations with metaphors. Sometimes he combines rich imagination with strange exaggeration to write about his strong emotions: "The strong wind blows my heart, and the Xianyang tree hangs in the west" ("Send Wei Ba's Capital in Jinxiang") to express his longing for Chang'an. The mood is very magical, unique and vivid. "The south wind blows home, flying down in front of the restaurant" ("To Donglu Erzhi"), and the feeling of missing the flesh and blood of the children is also vividly expressed. "With the bright moon, follow the wind to the west of the night" ("I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Longbiao was far away and sent this message"). It is a bold and exaggerated way to express sorrow; to send it to the bright moon is even more strange imagination. The longing for friends is in the poem. to obtain the best expression. He is also good at using personification to make nature unique and serve to express emotions. "The spring breeze knows how to avoid suffering and does not send away the green willows." " ("Laolao Pavilion") turns the ignorant and heartless spring breeze into a knowing and sentimental person. He is better at using the moon as a person to express his feelings. "The dusk passes under the green mountain, and the mountain moon returns with people." There is a mountain moon written as a sentimental companion. "Blue Sky" When is the month coming? I will stop drinking and ask about it now" ("Ask the Moon about Wine"), treating the bright moon as a close friend who can answer questions. "Four Poems on Drinking Alone Under the Moon") One: "The flower asks about a pot of wine, drinking alone has no blind date. Raising your arms to invite the bright moon, facing the person whose shadow is made. "Also using rich imagination and personification techniques, he turns the moon shadow into a confidant to express his feelings.
(4) The language is simple and straightforward, and he expresses his feelings directly
Li Bai's poems The language is straightforward. It is said that "hibiscus comes out of clear water, and the carvings are naturally removed." "Those lyrical poems that express one's heart directly, such as "The road is like the blue sky, I can't reach it alone" (Part 2 of "The Road is Difficult"), I am born with talents that must be useful, and I will come back after all the pounds are gone ("Jiangxia Gives Weinan Lingshui"), They are all straightforward, natural and heroic language, which helps to show his romantic passion. Li Bai's fresh and bold language is also reflected in his unconstrained rhythm and uncarved clauses. Everything is unified with nature. , naturally without carvings ("After the chaos and separation, the day after tomorrow, Si Liu Yelang Yi traveled to Jiangxia Wei and gave it to Liang Zai, the prefect of Jiangxia"). These two poems by Li Baisi can be used to illustrate people's own language characteristics, such as "No Song at Midnight". The long night is filled with moonlight and the sound of thousands of households pounding clothes. The autumn wind never blows away, but there is always love between the two. When will the Hu barbarians be pacified and the good men stop their expedition? Another example is "Early Departure from Baidi City": Baidi's colorful clouds are sent out in the morning, and Jiangling, a thousand miles away, is returned in one day. The apes on both sides of the bank can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains. They all use extremely simple, natural and bold and powerful language to express extremely deep feelings.
Li Bai never let meter constrain his emotions. When his emotions reached a climax, he often broke through the limitations of meter and appeared in some prose poems. For example, "You don't need a penny to buy a clear breeze and a bright moon. Yushan will collapse on its own and no one can recommend it." "Song of Xiangyang" "The danger is just like this. People who have traveled a long way to complain have come here for no reason!" ("The Road to Shu is Difficult") " I will destroy the Yellow Crane Tower for you, and you will destroy the Parrot State for me." ("Jiang Xia Presents Weinan Lingbing"), which is very helpful for all the manifestations of his romantic spirit.