China's knowledge points of poetry appreciation 1: the emotion of chanting poems 1, expressing the feeling of unfulfilled talents and lofty aspirations.
Ancient literati were often arrogant, arbitrary and willful, incompatible with the rulers and could not be reused. Therefore, lamenting the untimely birth and the useless place of heroes has become a common theme in the works of literati. Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Li Bai, Li He and Li Shangyin? There can be a long list.
Such as (Zhu), etc.
In May, when the pomegranate is in full bloom and the branches are growing, the children also begin to grow.
Unfortunately, there are no horses and chariots here, and the pale platform has been turned upside down.
Willow blossoms are so brilliant; Willow is pale yellow, willow branches are soft as silk, but there are no chariots and horses, or grow in a deserted garden. Who will appreciate it?
2. Dislike officialdom and pursue a free, secluded, indifferent and leisurely life.
Staying in officialdom for a long time, the emperor pressed the emperor, courtiers intrigued, and conscientious people had to work hard for the people. After a long time, it is inevitable that you will feel tired, so you are eager to get rid of officialdom and yearn for a free life, which has become an emotion often entrusted in object-chanting poems.
Such as: thrush (Ouyang Xiu)
The cries of thousands of birds echo their own hearts, and thousands of purple flowers on the mountain are on the height of trees.
Only then did I understand that listening to the cry of the thrush locked in a golden cage is far less than singing leisurely in the forest.
3. Express loneliness, unyielding, noble and refined integrity.
When the country's politics is corrupt or even extinct, the rulers are incompetent and traitors do evil, do you go with the flow or lead an honest and clean life? Most people will choose the latter, because they have read books and are unconsciously influenced by martyrs, so they have noble integrity.
Such as: painting chrysanthemums (Zheng Sixiao)
It is interesting to hedge when the flowers are not together and independent.
It is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind.
? Aren't all the flowers blooming together? Is it a noble and refined? It is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind. It is a kind of firmness that would rather die than surrender.
Knowledge points of China's poetry appreciation Part II: Common methods of shaping images in poetry 1, comparison and contrast
For example, in Meng, the heroine's different attitudes before and after marriage are in sharp contrast, and the hero's loyalty before marriage is also in sharp contrast with his defection after marriage. In contrast, it depicts the kindness and strength of the heroine and embodies the ruthlessness of the hero. Two or three virtues? .
Step 2 describe it in detail
Most of the characterization focuses on the description of the characters' language, movements and other details. Such as "hurricane? On that quiet girl? Love and not see? This life detail shows the girl's innocence, liveliness and naughty. Let me handle this? It reflects the girl's sincerity and persistence in love. Describe Lan Zhi in Peacock Flying Southeast? But if you don't say goodbye to your sister-in-law, your tears will even drop? The details depict a female image with a clear love and hate, who can't bear to leave but is helpless.
3. Bixing technology
For example, the third chapter of Self-preservation? Mulberry leaves flourish before they fall. In the nest, there is nothing to eat. ? The poem begins with mulberry trees and turtledove, and compares the changes of the heroine's love life with natural phenomena; Chapter iv use? When the mulberry fell, it was yellow. Did it fall? It is a metaphor for the heroine's change from young and beautiful to old Huang. The use of these metaphors helps to shape the image of poetry, and also helps readers to enter the hero's life world to experience their true feelings.
4. Contrast rendering
From Du Fu's Climbing the Heights? Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward? Fallen leaves are used to render a cold and sad autumn atmosphere, thus setting off the poet's image of poverty and wandering. Another example is Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue? Hundreds of mountains have no birds, thousands of paths have no footprints? In order to mold the proud character of the old fisherman who is not afraid of cold and loneliness, and set off the environmental atmosphere.
China's knowledge points of poetry appreciation Part III: Refine the words used in poetry appreciation The so-called word practice is to temper the words used in poetry to make it vivid, vivid, refined and vivid. These words are generally verbs, adjectives, numerals and adverbs.
1, refining verbs
Example 1. Li Bai's Interview with Taoist Daitian Mountain: With the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick. See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't ring the bell at noon. Wild bamboos are green and misty, and flying springs hang blue peaks. No one knows where to go. I'm worried about two or three loose. ? Neck knot, neat antithesis, beautiful artistic conception, wild bamboo connected with clouds, this is a still life scene, but the poet used it? Integral? Chinese characters have a touching meaning, which reminds people of the clouds moving slowly with the hills and constantly drifting from the top of wild bamboo. A line of spring water, flying in the air, was originally a moving scene, but the poet used one? Hang up? Words, from moving to static, make people want to see the steep peaks and the drops of mountain springs.
Example 2. The third and fourth sentences of Du Fu's "Spring Hope": sad, can't help but burst into tears, the birds are amazing, and I am sad and hate. ? Splash? And then what? Surprised? They are all refined words. They are all causative verbs: flowers make people cry and birds make people tremble. Spring has come, birds and flowers are fragrant, which should be happy; Now, because of the national turmoil, families are ruined and people are killed, and flowers and birds can only make poets cry.
Example 3. Wang Zhihuan? Why should Qiangdi complain about the willow? Why can't the spring breeze pass Yumenguan? Are you online? Complain This word is obviously personified, which is both the love in the song and the heart of the piper.
Step 2 refine adjectives
Example 1. The third and fourth sentences of Wang Wei's Hunting: autumn grass is yellow, and the eagle eye is sharper; When the ice and snow melt, the horseshoe is extraordinarily brisk. ? There are four subject-predicate phrases in these two sentences. Fuck? Disease? Do what? Light? , is the predicate. ? Fuck? With what? Do what? Is the usual predicate, and? Disease? With what? Light? If it is refined. After the grass withered, the eagle's eyes could see more clearly. The poet speaks rather than sees clearly? Quick? Fast? Than? Is that clear? More vivid. After the snow disappeared, horseshoes walked better. The poet said not fast, but? Light? ,? Light? Than? Faster and more vivid.
Example 2. Wang Wei's? The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen? Like a huge landscape painting, it vividly depicts the vast and desolate scene outside the Great Wall. ? Straight man? Words show a straightforward and persevering beauty; The setting sun's circle gives people a boundless feeling against the background of Gobi in Wan Li. ? Straight man? Round? The word "two characters" combines the beauty of straight line with the beauty of roundness, and the picture is spectacular, which is really irreplaceable.
Example 3. Wu Wenying? Narrow pastoral dream, wide water and sky? ("partridge day? Huadu Temple)? Narrow? With what? Wide? The description and contrast are wonderful; Be careful? The dream soul wants to go, afraid that the dream will be covered by sadness? ("The balcony is high? Send friends in Vietnam), to? Light? Words describe dreams and souls, turn intangible into tangible, and the sense of touch that expresses weight is the wonderful use of synaesthesia in adjective tempering.
The flexible use of adjectives can turn decay into magic. A prune by Jie Jiang? Streamer can easily dump people, red cherry, green banana? Chinese, adjectives? Red? Green? Used as a causative verb. The poet expressed his regret for the passage of time through the dynamics of cherry turning red and banana leaves turning green. What if? Red? Green? Also used as an adjective, say? Cherry red and banana green? It will taste like chewing wax. Another example is Zhou Bangyan? Old warbler chicks, inch fat plums? Associate the young warbler with the change of plum and wind inch, from adjective to verb? Old? Fat? , like a panacea, played a role in the sentence.
3. Refine quantifiers
Example:? How many branches were opened in Qiancun Zita Law last night? Zheng Gu put the poet Miracle's poem "Early Plum"? How many branches? , changed to? Is the branch open? , manufacturing? One? With what? Good morning. Is it true that Miracle worships Zheng Gu for this reason? A word teacher? .
4. Refine function words
In classical poetry, function words, after proper tempering, can achieve aesthetic effects such as dredging literary style, opening and closing echoes, melodious twists and turns, activating emotional charm, and turning stagnation into flow. Such as the famous sentence in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting? Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are the same color? , remove it? With what? ***? This word will be greatly discounted.