Teacher: Students, who can tell a short story about Cao Cao?
Health: I know, he is a very bad person. He killed his rescuer when he escaped.
Health: Cao Cao is treacherous and wants to usurp the throne as emperor.
Health: He is suspicious and cruel. He killed Hua Tuo and died of a malignant tumor in the skull.
Teacher: It seems that Cao Cao has no good impression in the eyes of his classmates. In fact, Cao Cao is a great hero, a brilliant politician and a great poet. Now we are going to learn a poem by Cao Cao and look at the sea. Firstly, the writing background of this poem is introduced: in August of the twelfth year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (AD 207), Cao Cao broke the remnants of Wuhuan and Yuan Shao, who occupied the northeast, and unified the north; In September, I passed Jieshi Mountain on my way home and wrote this poem. Next, please read the text to see who knows the most information.
The student has read the book three times. )
Health: I know from the poem that this poem has written the following contents: Jieshi, sea, mountain island, trees and flowers. ...
Health: Not flowers, but herbs. There are autumn winds, red waves, the sun and the moon, and the Milky Way.
Student: Teacher, I think there is a song. It seems that Cao Cao is singing.
Teacher: The students answered well, but I have a question. When does Cao Cao see the sea, day or night?
Health: It must be daytime. How can we see the sea in the dark?
Health: No, I have seen it all day and night, because the poem says "Journey to the Sun and Moon", which means I have been there twice.
Teacher: It seems that Cao Cao is really a poet and very elegant. We will not comment on the students' answers for the time being. I still have questions: Where did the sun and the moon come from? Where did the Milky Way come from?
(Students are silent. )
Life is not clear ...
Teacher: If there is an answer in the poem, can you find it?
Student: (reading the text) "If the journey between the sun and the moon comes from this. Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The sun, the moon and the milky way all come from the ocean.
Teacher: Students, do you know anything about the universe? Does the sun, the moon and the milky way all come from the earth and the sea?
Health: No, it is wrong to say that the sea can hold the sun, the moon and the Milky Way. Teacher, you said Cao Cao was a poet. Why don't you even know this common sense?
Teacher: Yes, poets don't even know common sense. This is a bit of a misnomer. However, we know that there is a proverb: the prime minister can punt in his stomach. What do you mean? Think about it.
Health: It means being open-minded, that is, not afraid of others gossiping.
Teacher: In this idiom, what is "the belly of a prime minister" compared to?
Health: I think the prime minister's belly may be compared to "rivers, lakes and seas", because only rivers and seas can sail.
Teacher: Since "rivers, lakes and seas" can be used to describe people's broad mind, what does Zhong Tao use to describe the poet's broad mind?
Health: Sun, Moon and Galaxy.
Health: No, it should be the sea, because doesn't the poem say that the sun, the moon and the milky way all come from the sea? Because the sea can devour the sun, the moon and the milky way, it is bigger than the sun, the moon and the milky way, so the sea is used in the poem to compare the poet's broad mind.
Teacher: There seems to be a way to solve the problem we discussed before. There is little point in fighting for a day and night. These four poems are not the scenery in front of the poet at all. What is this?
Health: It is the poet's feeling.
Health: It is the poet's imagination.
Teacher: Good analysis. What are the real scenery that the poet sees? Please profane the text.
Health: (read together) "Where is water and where is a mountain island?" There are many Woods and many herbs. The operation of the sun and the moon seems to be from the vast ocean. "
Teacher: This poem has truth and falsehood, and the combination of truth and falsehood. The whole poem is coherent and clear in one day. By this time, we have also solved the problem of the last two poems.
Student: Because there are explanations in the text, the last two sentences are in each chapter and have no direct relationship with the main content of this poem.
Teacher: Please read and recite this poem.
Comments: This poem is not too difficult, so the teacher is required to convey the richest content by the most economical means; As far as this poem is concerned, the teaching purpose is clear, the questions are profound and the students' activities are substantial. In this class, the role of the teacher has changed. Teachers are not only imparting knowledge, but also promoting students' learning, and students have really become the main body of learning. The teacher sorted out the general questions from the students' questions, which not only clarified the difficulties of poetry, but also grasped the main line, resulting in the effect of killing two birds with one stone.
A berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain.
Teacher: don't hate to stay sad, it has existed since ancient times. In ancient times, traffic was underdeveloped, people flooded, Le Shu stagnated, and people who lived in a foreign land or worked outside could not return for a long time, which naturally produced homesickness, thus becoming an important theme of poetry. The poem I am learning now is about homesickness. We should learn how to read poetry aloud and understand its meaning in reading. Please read this poem first and make the words clear.
The students read and the teacher writes on the blackboard. )
Health: I don't quite understand the meaning of the first sentence
Teacher: Let's make clear the meaning of "guest road" and "castle peak" first.
Health: "off road" refers to the journey, while "green hill" refers to "Beigushan", which means the word "outside" is difficult to understand.
Teacher: It doesn't matter if you don't understand. You can get some results after reading the last sentence. At this time, did the poet walk or take any means of transportation during the journey?
Life: The poet is in a boat in the river, facing the "green water" in front of him, facing the "green mountain" and facing the distant "guest road" beyond the "green mountain".
Teacher: I understand the meaning of the poem accurately, and I also explain the special structure of the poem. Moreover, the meanings of "outside" and "before" are clarified. I don't understand a question. Excuse me, classmates, where is the poet's hometown?
Student: I come from Luoyang. The notes below the text have been explained.
Student: (supplementary) Teacher, actually there is an answer in the poem. "I can finally send my angel? Goose, return to Luoyang. "
Teacher: It seems that a problem can be solved in many ways. Reading notes is a way to learn to look up information; Reading poetry is a way to learn to read the text deeply. What kind of feelings can a person feel in the south, far from home?
Health: Homesickness of wandering abroad, because it responds to the "homesickness" and "returning to the wild goose" in the distance.
Teacher: Deeply touched, tell the beauty of poetry. I want to ask, what kind of scene is the poet sailing on the river? Read this poem!
Students read poems and discuss them. )
Health: "until the low tide, the bank widened, and there was no wind to stir my lonely sail." The spring tide is surging and the river is vast. Looking around, the river seems to be flat with the shore, calm, and the sails are hanging on the mast.
Teacher: How poetic. Can the students point out which words in these two poems are used well?
Health: I think there are four words: flat, wide, straight and hanging. Because the teacher often reminds us to pay attention to the use of verbs when writing articles.
Teacher: We know the scene of the ship sailing on the river. When did the poet set sail?
(Students read poems and discuss. )
Health: I'm a little confused. There are several words for time: day, night, spring and year. There seems to be some contradiction, which is difficult to answer.
Teacher: Let's clarify a few words first. What do you mean by "sea day" and "remnant night"?
Health: "the sun on the sea" is the sun on the sea; "Residual night" refers to the end of the night.
Teacher: So, what do these two poems mean? Health: When the night is not over, Dongli? The sun has risen in Ran Ran, and when the old year has not passed, the river has shown spring.
Teacher: We should understand the meaning of the words that we didn't understand just now. Can students feel beautiful things from these two poems?
Health: Chinese New Year. Because poets sail at night until dawn.
Teacher: That makes sense, but who else has their own opinion?
Health: To be precise, these two words: "day" and "spring" are symbols of new and beautiful things. And use the words "life" and "people" to personify them and give them will and emotion. In fact, the poet is not too depressed, but optimistic and positive.
Teacher: The sea is rising, and spring is budding. The poet puts the boat on the green water and continues to sail to the guest road outside Qingshan. At this time, a flock of geese returning to the north are walking through the clear sky. Yaner is about to pass through Luoyang, so I'd better ask Yaner to take a message: Yaner, please give my regards to your family when you fly over Luoyang. The whole poem is shrouded in faint homesickness. Let's learn something about reading poetry. Five-character rhyme is divided into syllables, forming the rhythm of "221" or "212".
The teacher writes on the blackboard, listens to the tape and reads the model. The teacher instructed to divide syllables and find rhymes. )
Comments: Teaching this poem mainly starts from two aspects. First of all, from the content of the poem. A wanderer in a foreign land is old and tired. Why don't you miss home? The teacher set the emotional tone for the poem in the introduction. Reading and reading in teaching are all around this line. Second, from the form of poetry. It captures two universes: reading and taste, reading and taste, and reading and taste. The taste of words is also to understand the emotions to be expressed in poetry. In the last link, I marked syllables to find rhyme, made clear the characteristics of Chuge's metrical poems and conducted effective reading training.
Spring outing in Qiantang River
Teacher: Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake. When people mention the West Lake, they will think of the famous sentence in Su Shi's poems: "To compare the West Lake with the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate." After reading Bai Juyi's poems, I seem to really see Shi's smiling face. People are fascinated by the beauty of the West Lake and are eager for it to appreciate its charm. Now, please read the poem "Spring Tour in Qiantang River". And think about a question: when is this poem about the scenery in spring?
(Students read poems aloud. )
Health: Spring, and it is early spring.
Teacher: Can we find words to express early spring from this poem?
Health: "The water is flat", and there is not much rain in early spring.
Health: "Competing to warm the trees", the cold of spring has not retreated, and warblers compete to eat the branches of the morning sun.
Health: "peck at the spring mud", and the swallows come back to build their nests.
Health: "No horseshoes", the grass hasn't grown deep yet.
Teacher: Next, let's listen to the recording, close our eyes and listen attentively to the birds and flowers in the charming spring scenery of the West Lake.
Students listen to the tape and imitate the reading. )
Teacher: What scenery do we hear in spring?
Health: I can hear birds singing in spring, the light footsteps of horseshoes, toot, toot ... from far to near, but gradually drifting away.
Health: I heard the children screaming happily. I guess they are cheering kites in the sky or rolling on the ground.
Health: I heard boating and splashing water on the lake. At that time, ships should be made of wood, and ships should be lovers in love.
(laughs. )
Teacher: I have a rich imagination, but people at that time were not as free as they are now. What else can you hear?
Health: I heard the wind. It was a cool breeze, and three or two good friends enjoyed the lakes and mountains on the lake embankment against the wind. Very pleasant.
Health: I heard some swallows fighting for food in the tree. Listen, teacher. Mother Yan is still whispering, "Keep your voice down, children. Don't worry. "
Health: I can hear the hiss of grass coming out of the soil.
Health: The fragrance of spring flowers has entered the classroom.
(laughs. )
Teacher: Students express their opinions, expand their imagination and pay attention to reality. Their literary perception is very strong! I wonder who can hear colors with their ears. (Students laugh. ) We find words representing colors from poems.
Health: There are green and white.
Health: Also, "flowers" are colorful, so they are colors.
Health: Ice should be turquoise or turquoise.
Teacher: May you paint colorful spring with beautiful brushes! Next, let's look at multimedia pictures. Please express them orally first, and then write with a pen.
(omitted. )
Teacher: Seven-character verse is extracted from syllables, forming the rhythm of "222 1" or "22 12". Please underline the syllables of this poem. Students listen to the tape, then a student reads it, and the students compete. )
Comments: This lesson cultivates students' imagination from the perspective of "listening".
In fact, the word "listening" is not only an auditory activity, but also an interaction between mind and senses. This "listening" is a process of memorizing, narrating, imagining, creating and thinking about poetry. This lesson trains students' oral expression ability and written writing ability from the perspective of "seeing". Finally, multimedia pictures appear, so that students can look at the pictures first and tell the poetry of the pictures. Then write and write the poetry of the picture.
Tianjingsha
Teacher: Next, let's learn a Sanqu. Please read the music first. Let's see who can recite this Sanqu in three minutes.
Students check their recitation after reading for 5 minutes. )
Teacher: The students can recite this Sanqu in 3 minutes, which shows that this 28-word poem is easy to recite. Can you tell me how you feel about this poem?
(Students read books and discuss in groups. )
Health: You can feel a sad scene from the title. Autumn, the grass withers, everything is cold and lifeless, which is autumn; That "homesickness" is nothing more than homesickness, melancholy, grief, missing, homesickness, homesickness and so on.
Health: This poem shows a wandering wanderer's worries about travel and homesickness. Because there is a saying in the song: "Heartbroken people are at the end of the world."
Health: Some words are miserable: withered vine, old tree, faint crow, ancient road, west wind, thin horse, sunset, heartbroken man.
Health: some words are very warm: small bridges and flowing water.
Health: There is warmth in bitterness, happiness in sorrow, and warmth in cold.
Student: Teacher, I think "Little Bridge Flowing Water Family" is actually the feeling and scenery imagined by heartbroken people wandering around the world.
Teacher: Imagination is peculiar and extraordinary.
Health: That shouldn't be an imaginary scene. We can describe his emotional process in this way: the crow has returned to its nest on the old tree wrapped with dead vines. Next to it, the sparse cottages with small bridges and flowing water are already smoking. The wanderer riding a thin horse is still walking wearily on the desolate ancient road. Alas, when the sun sets, the wanderer in a foreign land is deeply grieved.
Teacher: Students, expand your imagination and conceive a scene of wandering home as homework. After learning these five poems, I want to test you in the form of couplets. Please get ready for tomorrow.
Comments: Because "Tianjingsha? Qiu Si has only 28 words, which are short and pithy, so he adopts the teaching method of "learning from the past". Under the guidance and mobilization of teachers, the analysis is also carried out step by step, so that students can feel two different poetic images and realize the images. Students' enthusiasm for participating in learning is very high, and their learning methods have changed greatly, from passive acceptance to active discovery and exploration.