One moment the sound is like an oriole singing gracefully and fluently under the flowers, and the other moment it is like spring water flowing stagnantly under the ice. Then it was like a frozen spring water that was cold and astringent and could not flow smoothly. The strings seemed to be frozen and the sound stopped temporarily.
"The words of the orioles in the Guan Guan are slippery, and it is difficult to swim under the ice of the quiet spring." The author turns his pen and brings the reader's thoughts from high pitch and solemnity to elegance and ambiguity. The oriole at the bottom of the flower is buzzing in and out - how fluently it calls, and the spring water under the ice swallows quietly - how hard it flows! The shape of the oriole has not been seen, but only its gorgeous and melodious sound can be heard among the flowers; the trace of the spring has not been seen, but its sad and desolate gulping sound can be heard through the bone-chilling ice. Grow. The images here are intertwined one after another, and the music produces delicate and rich changes in the interlacing and slipping of the images, conveying the desires and calls deep in the soul.
The "underwater beach" in Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" "The orioles in the Guan Guan are talking on the slippery bottom, and the springs are flowing down the beach" have four different understandings and interpretations due to different versions: ① "Beach under water", ② "Difficult under ice", ③ "Beach under ice" ("Beach" means exhausted), ④ "Beach under ice" ("Beach" means flowing or running water). This article believes that "underwater beach" is ordinary and does not need to be studied deeply. Since Duan Yucai combined "Youyan Spring" and "underwater beach" and used the rigid requirement of "belonging to each other", they have become more integrated. This article researches that "underwater beach" is "like the sound of water flowing down from the beach". It is interpreted as "difficult under the ice"? It is barely reasonable, and the interpretation of "under the ice beach" does not matter whether "tan" means "exhaustion of energy" or "exhaustion of energy". "Water rushes" and "flows" are both inconsistent with the original meaning of Tang poetry and cannot be established. ?Key words? Underwater beach? Difficulties under ice? Beach under ice? "Pipa Play"? The popular version of "Pipa Play" by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, has this saying: "The orioles in the Guan Guan are talking about the slippery bottom of the flowers, and the flowing water of the quiet spring flows down the beach." Among them, commentators have different opinions on the word "underwater beach", and they still can't agree on it. The reason lies in the different understandings and interpretations caused by the different versions of the text. Please see the variant text of the edition: ? ① As "Underwater Beach" - "Bai Shi Changqing Collection" published by Ma Yuan in the 34th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, "Bai Xiangshan" published by Wang Liming's Caotang in the 43rd year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty "Collection of Poems", "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" published by Yangzhou Poetry Bureau in the 46th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty, and "Wenyuan Yinghua" published by Longqing in the Ming Dynasty; ② "Difficulty Under the Ice" - Wang Liming's "Baixiangshan Poetry Collection" published by Yiyu Caotang, Yangzhou The "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" published by the Poetry Bureau noted "One for 'ice'" under "water" and "One for 'difficulty'" under "Tand"; the "Baixiangshan Poetry Collection" published by the missing thatched cottage of Linhe Zhuo School in the Beijing Library;? ③ "Bing Xia Tan" - the Ming Dynasty Longqing version of "Wenyuan Yinghua" noted "一作'冰'" under the word "water", and the "Sibu Congkan" photocopied the Song version of the Song version of "Bai Shi Changqing Collection" by Naha Michien in Japan; ?④Writing "Underwater Difficulty" - Literary Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied the Song Shaoxing version of "Bai's Collected Works", and Qing Lu Wenxu's "Quanshu Supplement" proofread "Bai's Collected Works". ?Let’s look at each explanation (in order to illustrate the problem, please quote in detail): (1) The first person to attack the "Underwater Beach" in the Tong version was Duan Yucai of the Qing Dynasty. From the angle of view, it is regarded as "difficulty under the ice": I read Tang poetry recently and learned three things. I reported them to my teacher. There are people who have been wronged for thousands of years and have no regrets...Bai Letian "The orioles in the Guan Guan are talking about the flowers, the bottom is slippery, and the spring water is swallowing quietly." "Go down to the beach" and "Go down to the beach" and "Spring water go down to the beach" are not idioms, and why are they consistent with the previous sentence? In the past, it was said that "the spring is difficult to flow under the ice", so the following text is continued as "the ice spring is cold and astringent". "Difficult" is opposite to "slippery", and "difficult" is the opposite of "slippery". The orioles are whispering at the bottom of the flower, and the spring is flowing under the ice. It describes the two realms of astringency and slipperiness, which can be said to be a masterpiece... I don't know who first wrote and circulated the ancient books, so that the true face will not be seen for thousands of years, which is extremely frightening. Tang poetry is so great, not to mention classics and history. (2) Mr. Chen Yinke (1978) agrees with Duan Yucai’s theory and “further proves its meaning”: ?1 mutually supports this collection. Bai Shi's Changqing Collection Lu Si Zheng said: "The frost is still intact, and the ice spring is clearing the throat." ?The composition and meaning of this sentence are the same as those of Pipa. ?Secondly, it is mutually supported by the Wei poems related to this poem. There are many words and phrases in Yuanshi's Changqing Collection of Erlu Pipa Songs that are similar to Lotte's poem. Sentences such as "The colorful clothes and feathers are twisted and twisted", "The sequence of the Liuyao San sequence has many cages and twists", and "The broken strings and the ice cracked on the ground" are all examples. But among them: ?The icy spring sobs and the flowing orioles are astringent. (You can refer to Yuan's Changqing collection of 17 gifts of peony pieces to Li Twelve because they are used as farewell to Qijue? "The lingering sound of the orioles is falling into the wind.")? This sentence is actually Lotte "The orioles are talking between the flowers, the bottom is slippery, and the throat is quiet. The origin of the evolution and expansion of the two sentences "The spring flows but it is difficult to go under the ice". Taking Yuan poetry to correct the white lines, Duan's theory is undoubtedly correct. However, when reading Lotte Pipa Yin, one must also read Wei Zhi Pipa Song. The reason is not only the connection between the meanings of the two poems, but also the relationship between the two poems. Moreover, the correction of its words and sentences can also depend on whether it is correct or not. ?You also have Wei's poem "Liuying Yingse" and Lotte's poem "Guan Yingyu's words are slippery at the end of flowers". Gai Baigong has expanded one sentence into two sentences. If it is still astringent, it is inevitable that the two sentences are said at the same end, which is very strange. repeat. Bai's poems are based on slippery and difficult opposition, which is more sophisticated than Yuan's poems. ?Also in Yuanshi Changqing Collection Erlu He Manzi Song (original note says: Zhang Hunan seat is composed by a bear.) It is slightly said: ?I came to pay homage to the emperor outside the lake, just when the ashes are flying in mid-spring. He is most attentive when he is lingering and torn, but he is quite leisurely when he is fixing his clothes. The ice is far away and the throat is clear, and the orioles are getting lazy as they sing in the evening. ?Another preface to Lu Toutuo's poems in the same collection says: ?In the ninth year of Yuanhe, when Zhang Zhongcheng was in charge of Tan, I paid homage to Duke Zhang in Tan. ?Old Tang Dynasty Book 1 Wu Xianzong recorded that: ?[Winter and October of the eighth year of Yuanhe] Zhang Zhengfu, the governor of Suzhou, was appointed as the observation envoy to Hunan.
?According to this, Wei Zhihe Manzi's poem was composed in the spring of the ninth year of Yuanhe, and Lotte Pipa quoted it in the autumn of the eleventh year of Yuanhe. Lotte must have seen Wei Zhi's poem. However, one of the lines of his expanded pipa song "The ice spring is whimpering and the orioles are astringent", which is also influenced by Wei's poetry. The "Bingquan Yanfutong" poem by Le Tianzheng was written in the seventh year of Yamato. There is no need to discuss it after that. ?Again, Yuan's Changqing Collection's 24th New Title Yuefu Wuxiantan says: ?The wind blows into the spring, and the pines are in disorder, and the orioles have a soft and delicate tongue. Whining secretly, I swallowed the ice spring, and killed the frost knife with its astringent cold sheath. Bai Shi's Changqing Collection II Qinzhong chanted Wu Xian Yun: "It's loud and rough, like scattered wind, rustling wind and rain." The voice was extremely soft, full of ghosts and gods. ?The same collection of Sanxin Yuefu Five-string Play says: ?The sound of the fifth string is the most subdued. Long water is so cold that it can't flow in the throat. (Li Gongchui, a compassionate and talented person, said, "The cold spring is injected into the long water and the water opens up." This sentence can be used as a reference.) The five strings are played together for you to try. Desolate and solemn. Iron hits the coral for one or two songs, and ice writes thousands of sounds on the jade plate. The sound of killing reached my ears and my skin was bloody. People suffer from musculoskeletal acidity in the cold air. The final sound of the song lasted for half a day, and the four people looked at each other in sorrow and speechlessness. There was a faraway scholar in the seat, chirping incessantly. ?Yinke case: Yuanbai New Yuefu These two chapters were both written in the fourth year of Yuanhe (see New Yuefu chapter.) Bai's Qin Zhongyin was also written by Zuo Shiyi when Lotte was appointed as an admonisher, (see Bai's Changqing Collection 1 The second of the two poems of "Shang Tang Qu") was written before Lotte composed the pipa citation, and it can also be used as a reference for the pipa tone section of Lotte's pipa citation. ? (3) Mr. Qian Zhongshu supports the theory of "difficulty under the ice" and proves that it was mistakenly called an "underwater beach" starting from the Yuan Dynasty. According to Mr. Zhou Zuzhuan's (1999) recollection: The graduation examination method of Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies is quite special. It stipulates that you must pass the subject examination before thesis defense... In June 1952, I took the subject examination. The external department of our school invited Qian Zhongshu and Mr. Zhou Liang of the history department, and the main department of the external school invited Yu Pingbo and You Guoen of Peking University. gentlemen. ...In this defense examination, Mr. Qian asked me a question about the sentence "It's difficult to swallow a flowing spring under the ice" in Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" and "Under the Water Beach". Which version is correct? What's the basis? This question was examined in detail by Mr. Chen Yinke in "Yuanbai Poems and Notes", and I answered according to what he said. Mr. Qian said: "Very good. But I also want to ask you, when did the errors in this version begin?" I was stunned and didn't know what to do. Mr. Qian then listed many relevant sentences in Song poetry and lyrics, proving that popular books in the Song Dynasty all wrote "It's difficult under the ice", which was correct. In the Sanqu of the Yuan Dynasty, words like "underwater beach" began to appear. It can be seen that the errors in this version began in the Yuan Dynasty. ?(4) Mr. Song Hong (1983) found the basis for the version of "Difficulty Under the Ice" from Japan: ?The transcript of "Pipa Xing" by Nobuyoshi Kiyohara (referred to as the Long version) collected in the Japanese Longmen Library, written by: ?Youyan? Spring flow? Ice Nobuhiro Kiyohara (1475-1550) was a famous scholar at the end of the Muromachi period in Japan. ... Long's version of "Pipa Xing" was written when he was fifty-five to sixty-nine years old (1529-1543) - equivalent to the eighth to twenty-second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty in my country. Long Ben's "Difficulty Under Ice" occurred more than 200 years earlier than Duan Yucai's inference. ...Longben is not a figment of Qingyuan Xuanxian, but is based on a version. ?First of all, Bai's collected works were introduced to Japan during Bai Juyi's lifetime. When Bai Juyi was seventy-four years old, that is, in April and May of the fourth year of Huichang (844), Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty, Master Huihe, a Japanese monk who studied abroad, copied Bai Letian's enshrined book at Suzhou Nanchanyuan. ...The world's first full-length court novel "The Tale of Genji", written during the Heian Dynasty (794-1192), and the famous notebook literature "Pillowko" at the same time both involve this poem. Judging from the early introduction of Bai's collected works to Japan, it is entirely possible that Longben's ancestral version is earlier than my country's earliest Shaoxing blockbuster of the Southern Song Dynasty, "Bai's Changqing Collection". ?Secondly, there was indeed a version of "Difficulty Under Ice" that was popular before Longben. It is worth noting that the collection of ballads from the Heian Dynasty in Japan, "New Collection of Long Songs" (approximately written between 1070 and 1140), rewrote excerpts from Bai Juyi's poems into Japanese ballads. . The "Xinzhuan Langyong Collection" may have been written slightly earlier than the Southern Song Dynasty edition of "Bai Shi Changqing Collection", and it is different from the Southern Song Dynasty version of "Underwater Difficulty". It can be inferred from this that there was a version of "Difficulty Under Ice" that was popular in Japan before the Southern Song Dynasty version. Volume 4 of "The Record of the Peace" (according to research by Japanese scholars, the first nine chapters of the "Record of the Peace" were written between 1280 and 1356) also uses the sentences "Yingyu" and "Quanliu" when describing the wonderful sound of the pipa. The sentence "Quanliu" means "difficulty under the ice", which should have evolved from "difficulty under the ice". It can be seen from this that before Longben's "Pipa Xing" there was a "Difficulty Under Ice" version that was circulated in Japan. This kind of notebook is probably the ancestor of Long Ben. (5) Mr. Jiang Lihong (1982) disagrees with Duan Yucai's point of view, and thinks that it should be called "beach under the ice", and "beach" refers to flow: I think Duan's statement is not completely correct. This sentence should be based on Japan's Nabo. It is called "Youyan Spring flowing under the ice beach". The word beach should be interpreted as flowing. "Huadi" and "冰下" are both local words, and the local words must be connected with verbs. In these two sentences, the only words that can be used as verbs are Hua and Tan. "Guangyun" Qusheng twenty-eight Han: The beach, the water rushes; the slave case is cut, and his Dan is cut. The water running is the current. The spring water flows under the ice, and the sound of the spring is separated by the ice, so it is quiet. The voice of the orioles is also conveyed in twists and turns because it is among the flowers.
(6) Mr. Guo Zaiyi (1985) also disagrees with Duan Yucai's theory and thinks that it should be called "Bing Xia Tan", and "Tan" means exhausted: First of all, the word "water" must be a mistake of the word "ice", because "the spring flows under the water" "The argument does not make sense. Spring is also water, so it cannot be said that water flows under water. Judging from the structure of the poem, the first sentence says "the orioles are talking at the bottom of the flowers" and the second sentence says "the spring flows under the ice", which corresponds very neatly. Secondly, looking at the word beach, Duan Yucai said, "'The spring flows under the ice and flows down the beach' is not an idiom (ice should be water - the author's note), and why is it correct with the previous sentence?" This is because he did not know that the word "tan" is Tang Dynasty. It is a slang word from the ancient times and has its own special meaning. However, it certainly does not make sense to understand it according to the general meaning of the word "tan". Today's note: The word "tan" means exhaustion of energy. Its original character should be "瑑", which is also written as "瘘". In "Guangyun", Pingsheng twenty-five cold rhymes: "瑑, Li Ji." Volume 9 of Guifu's "Zha Pu", "Old News from the Countryside·Miscellaneous Words": "Li Ji means 瑑", the note goes: "Yintan." "Taiping Guangji" Volume 5, Volume 212 "Zisheng Temple" article: "The power of Lingjia is pinched." The power pinched means that the strength is exhausted. "Dunhuang Bianwen Anthology: Demon-breaking Bianwen": "There are thousands of kinds of ghosts and gods, and the Tathagata's energy beach changes." The energy beach means that the energy is exhausted. Pi Rixiu's poem "Shangzhen Guan": "The sound of wind and tinea in the bed, the strength of the ground is weak", this word is used. There is also the word "寯" in the calligraphy book, which means that the energy is exhausted, which should be the body or body. ?The word "tan" in the poem "Youyan Spring flows under the ice" has the same meaning as the word "tan" in the Dunhuang Bianwen. They both refer to exhaustion of energy. Under the ice of the spring, there is a faint moan, as if there is no energy. Doesn't this make sense? The character slip in the first sentence describes the fluidity of the orioles talking about the bottom of the flower; the character beach in the second sentence describes the astringency and slowness of the spring flowing under the ice. The contrast is neat and the art and science are smooth. But if you don't know that the word beach means exhausted, this poem will be difficult to explain. No wonder Duan Yucai said that "'The spring flows under the ice on the beach' is an idiom" (ice should be water - the author's note). As for the "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" under the word "tan", it says: "It is difficult to write a book". This is either a mistake due to the closeness of the shape, or a rash change because later generations did not understand the special meaning of the word "tan", which is not sufficient evidence. . (7) Mr. Jiang Lihong (1997) later agreed with Mr. Guo Zaiyi's opinion: "The Demon Breaking Essay: "There are thousands of kinds of ghosts and gods, and they are transformed by the power of the Tathagata. No matter how many changes you have in front of you, the Tathagata will not move even a hair." ( Page 349) "Qi force beach" means exhaustion of energy. ...Case: Volume 17 of Xuanying's "Sound and Meaning of All Sutras", the first volume of Jushe Lun's Sound and Meaning quoted Li Xun from "Erya" Shi Tian's "Jutan" annotation: "Tand, Shan, all." "Shan" "It is commonly used as "殚", and "殚" is also the end. "Tan" in "Shuowen" is the popular form of "Hanniao", "Hanniao, the water is wet and dry." It also quotes "Poetry" "Hanniao is dry." When the water dries up, it means the water is exhausted. When the water is exhausted, it is called a beach. When the strength is exhausted, it is also called a beach. ?Xu Fu said: The above only inferred the etymology, not the actual word. "Exhaustion of energy" also has a special word for "瘘". "Shuowen" in the "瘒" section says: "瘅 means labor sickness." It is also called "煑". In "Guangyun" Pingsheng 25 Han: "瘅 means extreme strength." , "Heganqie" is the same as "Tand". "Liji" means "tiredness", which means "exhausted of energy". ... Guo Zaiyi said: Pi Rixiu Shang Zhenguan's poem: "The wind sounds ringworm in the bed, and the ground is weak." "瑑" is the original character of "Tan". Then use this character. Bai Juyi's pipa line: "The flowing water from Youyan Spring (as "ice") flows down the beach." The word "tan" carries the meaning of Youyan, which also means exhaustion of strength. Duan Yucai changed it to the word "difficult", which failed to pass the test. Li Hong Case: Tang Xuandu's "Newly Added Nine Classics Characters": "瑑, Yintan, horse disease. This "Poetry" is written as Wei." Based on the opinions of Xu and Guo, the original character of "Qilitan" should be "tan". The words "瘅", "瑑", and "寯" mean to exhaust one's strength; the word "tan" in "Youyan Spring flows under the ice on the beach" is the character "Hanniao" in "Shuowen", which means to exhaust one's water. The two have the same meaning but different origins. The "underwater beach" of Pipa Xing is the "ice beach" originally written by Naha Doen in Japan. Ouyang Xiu and Li Liu's family heard Zheng's poem: "Mianman cleverly chattered his tongue among the flowers, and sobbed to communicate with the spring under the ice." It can be proved that the word "ice" is true. (8) Although Mr. Jing Kaixuan (1999) agrees with "Bing Xia Beach", he interprets "Band" as water emergency: In the case, Duan said that "Bing Xia Beach" is an idiom, and it is not correct to the previous sentence. This is a good statement. . But if it is written as "the spring flows under the ice, it is difficult", firstly, it is said to be on the same end as the following "ice spring is cold and astringent", and the semantics are repeated; secondly, from the language of the poem, the word "slippery" is a subtle description, but the word "difficult" is not the same Descriptive words appear clumsy and empty, not clever. The meaning of "case" is consistent with the word "sliding" above, but it still seems to be overlapping with the meaning of "ice spring, cold, stringy and condensed" below. Moreover, according to Duan Yucai's annotation in "Shuowen", the word "shuijing" is the word for beach. The ancient meaning, and Bai Juyi's poems mostly use common sayings, such as "It's hard to listen to the vomiting, dumb, mocking," which are well known to people, so this interpretation is still far-fetched. ?Both of the above two theories believe that "water" is regarded as "ice". From the perspective of belonging, this is correct. Ouyang Xiu's poem "Li Liu's Family Hears the Zheng": "Mianman cleverly chatters his tongue among the flowers, whimpering to communicate with the spring under the ice." It can also be proved that the word "ice" is true. The problem is that whether the last word of this sentence is "difficult" or the word "tan" is interpreted as "water is exhausted", the interpretation of the meaning of the poem is still not reached. ?Actually, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the word "tan" not only refers to the water beach (he Ganqie), but also has another meaning, that is, to refer to the urgency of water. "Guangyun·Hanyun": "The beach, the water rushes." "Ji Yun·Changing Rhymes": "The beach, the water rushes." This is probably a common saying in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as Wu Rong's "Shu Huai": "The sound of the beach Wherever it suddenly rains, the cloudy pine trees turn to clear skies in the distance." This is an example.
From this we can see that the poem "Pipa Xing" should indeed be read as "Youyan Spring flows under the ice beach", which means that the water whimpers and flows rapidly under the ice
The spring water under the ice swallows quietly - flows so fast How difficult! The running water froze, and also the strings of the pipa. The strings froze, and the sound temporarily stopped