The Different Changes of Literature in Southern Song Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty

```````` 1. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, it inherited the style of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, mainly parallel prose, and some people wrote ancient prose. The greatest achievement of this period was the revival of the ancient prose movement. Representative writers include Liu Kai, Wang Yucheng, Shijie, Fan Zhongyan and Athena Chu. From the ideological content, the greatest feature of these ancient writers is the close combination of speech and politics, which is very enlightening; From the artistic point of view, its greatest feature is advocating simplicity and nature, but its creative practice is still not satisfactory, and sometimes it is inevitable to reveal the shortcomings of astringency and bitterness.

``````` 2. The mid-Northern Song Dynasty was the most glorious period of prose in the Song Dynasty, and it was also the period when the ancient prose movement made achievements. Ouyang Xiu was actually the leader of this period. In terms of ideological content, reason and politics are gradually separated. Neo-Confucianism headed by Cheng Yi advocates that "literature carries Tao" and reason becomes the purpose of Neo-Confucianism; The ancient prose writers headed by Ouyang Xiu emphasized their concern for the world, and politics became the main content of the ancient prose writers. From the perspective of artistic practice, ancient prose writers not only put the "people-oriented" theoretical proposition in the early Song Dynasty into practice, but also developed the artistic charm of ancient prose, making it more literary.

3. Prose creation in the early Southern Song Dynasty was full of patriotic passion. Scholars govern the country in classical Chinese, demanding resistance to the enemy's Northern Expedition, critical surrender and seeking peace. It is very combative, passionate, full of vigor and clear pronunciation and mellow voice.

4. The mid-Southern Song Dynasty was a relatively developed period of prose creation, in which political essays advocating the Northern Expedition and discussing the country and lectures advocating Neo-Confucianism and debating philosophy achieved the highest achievements. The former is represented by Xin Qiji, Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and the latter by Zhu, Lu Jiuyuan and Ye Shi. These two contents are written in detail and accurately, which is more argumentative and logical than the prose of the Northern Song Dynasty.

``````` 5. The prose in the late Southern Song Dynasty showed a declining trend, and the lazy writing style that appeared since the middle period increased at this time. A large number of writers, such as Wen Tianxiang, Xie Ao, Deng Mu and Wang, who appeared at the time of national subjugation in the Southern Song Dynasty, left many excellent lyric essays on the spot, the content of which was still mainly to express patriotic feelings, but the style was even more sad at the time of national subjugation.