Dujiangyan was built in the late years of King Zhao of Qin (about 256 BC to 251 BC). Dujiangyan is a large-scale water conservancy project built in ancient China and still in use today. It is located in the west of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, 340 kilometers upstream of the Min River. Dujiangyan was built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County in the Qin State during the Warring States Period, and his son from about 256 to 251 BC. After successive renovations, Dujiangyan still plays a huge role for more than two thousand years. There are many historic sites around Dujiangyan, mainly including Erwang Temple, Fulong Temple, Anlan Bridge, Yuleiguan, Fengqiwo and Douxi Terrace.
Extended information
Water conservancy functions
The main functions of the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project are water diversion for irrigation and flood control. It also has the functions of water transportation and urban water supply. It divides the Minjiang River water into two parts and directs part of it to the east side of Yulei Mountain, so that the southern half of the Chengdu Plain is no longer troubled by floods, and the northern half is protected from drought. For thousands of years, the Minjiang River has turned harm into benefit here, benefiting farmers and mulberry trees, turning the Chengdu Plain into a "land of abundance" where "floods and droughts depend on people, no one knows about famine, and there is no shortage of years", and has further promoted the political development of the entire Sichuan region. , economic and cultural development.
When Dujiangyan was first established, it was mainly used for shipping and supplemented by irrigation. "Historical Records: Book of River Canals" records, "The two rivers that pass through Chengdu can be boated in this canal. The surplus can be used for irrigation, and the people can benefit from it." As a result, the Minjiang River and the Yangtze River can be navigable, and the abundant timber in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River can also be transported by raft. Chengdu has made Chengdu the transportation center of Shu since the Qin Dynasty.
In addition to the benefits of water transportation, the benefits of Dujiangyan in agricultural irrigation have become more and more important with the development of the irrigation canal system. The water from the left bank of the Minjiang River flows out of Baopingkou to the east side of Yulei Mountain, and then flows to Chengdu along the two main canals dug by Li Bing. During the Western Han Dynasty, Wen Weng, the prefect of Shu County, opened a new main canal to divert water from the Minjiang River to the eastern part of the Chengdu Plain.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Twenty miles of stone was cut" on "Wangchuanyuan" to extend the irrigation canal through the Muma Mountain highland of Shuangliu today. At the same time, the aqueduct system on the right bank of the Minjiang River continues to extend to the southwest of the Chengdu Plain based on the Yangmo River opened during Li Bing's time. After hundreds of years of development, by the Han Dynasty, the Dujiangyan Irrigation Area had developed from Pixian County to Chengdu in the Qin Dynasty, to Pengxian County, Guanghan, and Xindu, with an irrigated area of ??"more than 10,000 hectares" (one hectare in the Han Dynasty is approximately 70 acres today) .
"Hanshu Geography" mentioned the Chengdu Plain, saying that "the people eat rice and fish, and there are no worries in bad years, and no worries in common customs." In the Tang Dynasty, Shi Gaojian, the governor-general of Yizhou, opened canals extensively. Since then, the canal system in the irrigation area has become denser and denser after many renovations, and the irrigated field area has continued to expand. The function of Dujiangyan has since shifted to mainly farmland irrigation.
During the Song Dynasty, the Dujiangyan Irrigation District developed significantly again. According to Wang Anshi's "Epitaph of Lu Jun in Jingdong Tidian Prison", it can be seen that at that time, the irrigation district had reached at least 12 counties including the 1st Prefecture, the 2nd Army, and 2 Prefectures. County, of which Lu Guang was responsible for 17,000 hectares of irrigation area alone (approximately 1.377 million acres today). During the Qing Dynasty, the irrigation scope reached approximately 3 million acres in 14 states and counties.
During the Republic of China, the irrigated area counted in 1937 (the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China) was 2.6371 million acres; the "Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Summary" published in 1938 (the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China) recorded the benefits from Dujiangyan The fields "are as wide as 14 counties in western Sichuan... about 5.2 million acres."
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the irrigation system of Dujiangyan continued to be expanded and transformed. In the late 1960s, the irrigated area reached 6.78 million acres; by the early 1980s, the irrigation area expanded to the east of Longquan Mountain and nearly 300 reservoirs were built, and the irrigated area expanded to 8.58 million acres; since then, further irrigation area reconstruction has expanded the irrigation area to 1,000 acres. It is a water conservancy project with the largest irrigation area in the world.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Dujiangyan