The bondage of "poetry expressing ambition" to traditional poetry theory
The concept of China's ancient poetry is embodied in "poetry expressing ambition", and the earliest description is found in Shangshu Yaodian: "Poetry expressing ambition, songs always say." The most famous one is Preface to Poetry, which elaborates on the principle of "expressing ambition in poetry": "A poet is also where his ambition lies. Be ambitious in your heart and speak as a poem. " It means: "Poetry is emotions and ideas expressed in words." This traditional concept of poetry has far-reaching influence, which restricts and fetters the development of China's ancient poetry theory.
constrained by "expressing ambition in poetry", China's ancient poetry theory either advocated relying on scenery to entrust the poet's ambition, or advocated taking the uneven life experience and resentful thoughts and feelings as the basic content of poetry creation, but rarely touched on the inherent image characteristics of poetry itself.
during the Jian' an period, Cao Pi paid attention to the "qi" in the writer's poetry creation in Dian Lun Essays, and the "qi" here refers to the poet's temperament, temperament and talent. Zhong Rong's Poem in Liang Dynasty evaluates poetry with "taste", and the core of "taste" lies in the fact that "pointing to things and writing things with poor feelings" does not deviate from the role of poetry. Every product of Si Kongtu's Twenty-four Poems in Tang Dynasty emphasizes the taste of "the image outside the image, the scenery outside the scene". The so-called taste here refers to an artistic space that combines reality with reality and gives people room for imagination by means of concrete images and concrete feelings. This artistic space still does not jump out of the scope of poetry ideological content. The primary factor of "interest" in Song Yanyu's Cang Lang Shi Hua is lyric, and the so-called "interest" refers to the artistic characteristics and infectious power of lyric poetry. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Wang Ruanting's theory of "verve" in the early Qing Dynasty and the theory of "sustenance" in the Qing Dynasty struggled to break away from the traditional framework of "poetry expressing ambition" and explore the direction of the image characteristics of poetry, but in fact they all seemed to beat around the bush on the ideological content of poetry.
The traditional concept of "poetry expressing ambition" made China's ancient poetry theory only focus on the expression of ideological content. In the country of poetry, the image characteristics and aesthetic characteristics of poetry have not been accurately summarized and expounded for a long time.