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Label: cultural classification: style
Why did Li Bai never go back to his hometown in Sichuan? -After the Mid-Autumn Festival, talk about the face view of China literati.
Almost every Mid-Autumn Festival, when Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, they will recite a famous poem by Li Bai, namely "Thinking about a Quiet Night": "Is there frost at the foot of my bed so bright? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. "
In fact, there are more than 700 poems about the moon in Li Bai's poems and songs, most of which are related to his nostalgia for his hometown. It can be seen that every full moon, Li Bai is somewhat melancholy, which is a common inner feeling of literati. It is not uncommon, but Li Bai expresses the melancholy complex that the parties miss their hometown and can't return to their hometown incisively and vividly through poems.
At present, all kinds of historical materials in China, including the local chronicles of Shu, Li Bai's hometown, have no data to prove that Li Bai returned to his hometown-Qinglian Township, jiangyou city, which belongs to Mianyang, Sichuan. In this way, it left a mystery for people today.
Speaking of Qinglian Township, Li Bai's hometown, many people in China today must be unfamiliar with it. However, in this Wenchuan earthquake, the downstream area of Tangjiashan dammed lake in Beichuan County, that is, the triangle where Jianjiang in Beichuan County meets Fujiang in Mianyang, happened to be Qinglian Township, Li Bai's hometown. Qinglian Township is a very beautiful and rich rural area with shallow hills. It should be reasonable for this beautiful place to produce such a great poet as Li Bai.
Li Bai, according to legend, was born in Longxi. However, this statement is based on the native place of Li referred to in Fan's memorial to Li's Tombstone of Tang Zuo Hanlin Bachelor. Because Li Bai once took refuge in his "uncle" Li before his death, in this way, according to Li's birthplace, later generations also said that Li Bai was from Longxi. There is an absurd after-the-fact analysis of this statement, that is, both Li Bai and Li were descendants of Liang Wudi and Li Gui in the Jin Dynasty. The historical fact is that Li Jue was almost the ancestor of the Li family in the Tang Dynasty, including the royal family in Li Tang. Of course, this statement is not credible, which means that most Shu people now say that their ancestors are from Xiaogan Township, Macheng, Hubei Province. In fact, this is an ancient custom in China. In order to make friends and protect themselves, they will hold on to each other's ancestors. Therefore, most ancient genealogies in China are unreliable.
At present, there are generally two versions of Li Bai's life, both of which are supported by certain historical materials. One is that his ancestors have been to the broken leaf city in the western regions, where Li Bai was born. When Li Bai was five years old, he went to Shu with his father and settled in Qinglian Township, jiangyou city, Sichuan. Broken leaves, in today's Kyrgyzstan, during the Tang Dynasty, this area was one of the four towns in Anxi, belonging to the Tang Dynasty. One theory is that Hao Wei said in Preface to Li Hanlin that Li Bai was "born in Sichuan because of domestic cotton". In other words, there is another saying that Li Bai was born in Shu.
Li Bai left Sichuan around the age of 25. He has two daughters and a son, who later disappeared. The two daughters married rural farmers because their father was poor before his death. So there will be no descendants of Li Bai.
The author thinks that although Li Bai missed his hometown, which is now Qinglian Township in jiangyou city, Sichuan, it was because this place was beautiful. At the same time, according to some historical records, Li Bai lived in Qingcheng Mountain, the birthplace of Taoism, for many years. Of course, he also lived in Chengdu. The natural scenery and countryside in these places are not only beautiful, but also rich, warm and harmonious. Therefore, during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, that is, around 733 AD, when Li Bai was ostracized by the imperial court, he naturally missed the days of his hometown during those years of wandering in the Central Plains and Jiangnan, because the contrast between such wandering days and Li Bai's beautiful and rich hometown was too great. This is probably the reason why Li Bai has many poems that miss his hometown in his life.
Why has Li Bai never been back to his hometown in his life? He has a melancholy poem, which may explain his mood. He recited in "There are chariots and horses at the door": "There are chariots and horses at the door, and the golden saddle is an obsidian bamboo wheel. It is said that Xiao Dan is from his hometown. Call the son to sweep the main hall, and sit down and talk about sorrow. No drinking, no crying, towel. Sighing the trip to Wan Li, I feel that I have been flying for 30 years. Empty talk about the emperor's strategy, the purple ribbon does not hang. Men's swords hide jade boxes, girls' dust. There is nothing on the side, and it is moved to the waterfront of Hunan. Excuse me, the people who live between the parties are mostly people from spring. A hundred battles bring hardships, and death depends on neighbors. The north wind raised sand and buried Zhou and Qin. Fortunately, the sky is better than robbers. I am afraid of what to do, and my life depends on it. "
This poem was probably written in the late 1970s. At this time, Li Bai was about fifty years old. At that time, it was the moment of Anshi rebellion, and the world was in chaos. Maybe Li Bai has taken refuge in Jiangnan. When people from his hometown came to visit him, he expressed his disappointment after leaving Sichuan. "Sigh Wan Li Road, thirty years in the spring. Empty talk about the emperor's strategy, the purple ribbon does not hang. Men's swords hide jade boxes, girls' dust. There is nothing in the silhouette, and it has moved to the waterfront of Hunan. "
As soon as Li Bai inquired about his hometown, he realized that most of his former relatives and friends had died. People can imagine Li Bai's mood at this time, and his heart must be full of desolation. This may be one of the reasons why Li Bai is afraid to go back to his hometown.
Li Bai also has a poem that misses his hometown, which is also very touching. He chanted in "Two Poems on Bai Pu's Back in Autumn": "Where is a good night trip, the moon is bright and the back is full. Mountain light shakes snow, and ape shadows hang cold branches. However, I am afraid that the good scenery will come late and the small order will be moved back. People come to the heart, and there is acacia here. The night is long and whistling, and the valley is cold. Ichthyosaurs are active in vicious waters, and there are waves everywhere. The sky borrows the bright moon and flies to Yun Lan. Hometown is invisible, heartbroken and looking to the west. "
This shows that Li Bai's nostalgia for his hometown is very strong. He has reached unbearable sadness.
During the Anshi Rebellion, Sichuan was the rear area of the Tang Dynasty. The royal family of the Tang Dynasty and many court officials took refuge in Sichuan. Even Li Bai's friend Du Fu was exiled to Chengdu and Zhou Shu (now chongzhou city, Sichuan). But strangely, Li Bai did not return to his hometown, but turned around and went south to Jiangnan. As a stranger in the south of the Yangtze River, he has been extremely poor here, which is also an important reason for his early death due to poor health. Then, why didn't Li Bai return to the hometown of Shu with the army of bandits in the Tang Dynasty, but chose to take refuge in Jiangnan? Among them, there is only one explanation, that is, Li Bai's concept of face is very serious, and he doesn't want to go back to his hometown to see his folks, because Li Bai is down and out at this time.
Speaking of Li Bai's strange mentality and face concept, it is the reason why he didn't go back to Sichuan against common sense. There are precedents in Sichuan history. This is a historical event in which a guest from Sima Xiangru died in another country.
During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu people paid for an official named Lang, who was a constant attendant of the imperial martial arts and probably a member of the guard of honor. This makes Sima Xiangru, who has always been self-reliant, hurt his self-esteem. He later resigned and became a diner under the door of Liang Wang Liu Wu, the younger brother of Han Jingdi. After Liang Wang died, he returned to his hometown. After he seduced Lin Qiong rich woman Zhuo Wenjun, he was ridiculed by Zhuo Wenjun's father Zhuo Wangsun, which made Sima Xiangru hurt his self-esteem. Since then, Sima Xiangru has been bent on getting ahead in order to return to China. In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he went to Beijing again to seek official positions. When he left Chengdu for the north, he stood on the bridge at the north gate and said that he would not go home until he recalled his horse. At that time, Xu was a noble chariot and a symbol of status. Later, Chengdu had the place name "Sima Bridge". Today, there is still the site of Sima Bridge in Chengdu.
Sima Xiangru began to be named after literature, which won the praise of the Manchu Dynasty. However, the greatest contribution and glory in his life did not come from his literary achievements, but from 129 BC, that is, in the sixth year of Emperor Yuan Guang of the Han Dynasty, he became a corps commander of the army serving southwest Yi, equivalent to an imperial envoy of the country, the commander-in-chief of Yulin Army and a senior official of 2,000 stone. This time, Sima Xiangru really went home. The history book records this period of history, saying, "Take it for granted, just worship the other side as a corps commander and build a festival to make it." . The story that the deputy envoy abandoned the country and spread it four times was because Bashu officials paid bribes to the southwest. When I arrived in Shu, the prefect greeted me in the suburbs below. The county magistrate was the pioneer and the Shu people thought it was a favor. Therefore, both Zhuo Wangsun and Lin Qiong make love with cows and wine. Sun Zhuo, the king of Zhuo, was ashamed of himself, thinking that his maid was later than Sima Changqing, so he was equal to men because of his female wealth. "("Han Sima Xiangru Biography ")
Sima Xiangru wrote an inscription before his death that China literati had the same mentality all their lives. He said: "there must be extraordinary people in the world to have extraordinary things;" Only when there are extraordinary things can there be extraordinary achievements. Extraordinary people are different from ordinary people. Therefore, it is very yuan, and the people are afraid; And when it becomes successful, the world will become like this. " (The Biography of Hanshu Sima Xiangru).
Before his death, Li Bai always worshipped two famous historical figures in Sichuan, one was Sima Xiangru and the other was Yang Xiong. He has been trying to imitate these two historical celebrities all his life. Therefore, he may be in a state of mind. Like Sima Xiangru, he wants to go back to China with clothes and clothes.
It is clearly recorded in history that Sima Xiangru died in another country. What is the reason? This is because Sima Xiangru was suspected of misappropriating project funds during his tenure as commander of Southwest Passenger Service Corps. "Later generations wrote to each other to collect money and lost their official positions. Lived for more than a year, also called Lang. " (The Biography of Hanshu Sima Xiangru). After the court verified it, considering that he was a cultural celebrity of the dynasty, it released him, but he was demoted to a filial piety order: "The item is a filial piety order." (The Biography of Hanshu Sima Xiangru). Xiaoyuan Preface was the mayor of Yuanling Town, Wendi, on the outskirts of Chang 'an at that time. Under this, Sima Xiangru's face is big.
Later, Sima Xiangru never returned to his hometown in Sichuan, and died in the low-level position of "Filial Piety Order".
The reason why Li Bai never returned to Shu for life. Probably imitating his life in Sima Xiangru. Thus, China literati's