He is a famous Soviet writer who is very familiar to readers in China. He was born in Ukraine. He loved reading, nature and scientific experiments since he was a child. When I was a child, I carefully observed and studied the life of ants and observed the sky and stars. All these laid the foundation for him to use literary techniques and poetic artistic conception to create popular science works in the future. 19 14 graduated from middle school and won the gold medal with honors. From 1924, when he was still in college, he began to write essays on science and literature. 1925 graduated from Leningrad Institute of Technology. Never Sleeps, written in 1927, is his first weighty work, which was loved by readers as soon as it was published. In the following 30 years, he created dozens of popular science literature works for teenagers, such as When, Black and White and 100,000 Why, which popularized scientific knowledge, inspired people to know and transform nature. 1953165438+1October 15, died in Moscow at the age of 58.
As a model of excellent popular science works, Mi Ailin's works have a great influence in the field of popular science creation in China. The older generation of popular science writers and many popular science writers who grew up in the 1950s benefited from Ilya's works.
Ilya is good at combining literature with science, telling scientific knowledge with literary style, vivid metaphors, typical cases and poetic language. His works are vivid and logical, his interests are excavated from knowledge itself, not from gimmicks, and his materials are rich and not detailed. The above are the advantages and characteristics of Ilya's works in writing skills. Gao Shiqi, a famous popular science writer in China, once summed up the writing characteristics of Ilya's works in People's Daily with four words: rich content, vivid words, lively thoughts and short paragraphs.
Ilya's representative works include: 100,000 Why's, Sleepless, Black and White, When's, Things Around You, Automated Factory, Journey to the Atomic World, How Man Becomes a Giant (Part I, II and III) and A Story of a Book.
"100,000 Why" made countless young people in China step into the door of knowledge. Ilya's "100,000 Why" raises interesting questions and gives enlightening explanations to many things in daily life through indoor travel notes. The title of "100,000 Why", which is widely used in China, was originally taken by Ilya from a sentence by the British writer Lu Kipling: "Where are the 5,000? How about 7,000? Why are the 100,000?". At that time, "100,000 Why" was only 50,000 words, and it was a "book written while walking in the house". He will think of simple questions with relish and say them with relish. Now let's look at the specific content of Ilya's works:
It uses the way of "traveling in the house" to ask many unexpected questions about various things in daily life, such as: Who invented fine porcelain? Is there any hard liquid? Wear three shirts to keep warm, or three times as thick? Why doesn't water burn? Elias explained to the readers with simple but enlightening truth.
So many unrelated contents look like a kaleidoscope at first glance, but in fact, these problems and their explanations are all kinds of materials and well-thought-out plans. Let's look at the structure of the chapter "Cabinet". There are relatives of the crock in the kitchen-teacups, saucers, teapots and fine porcelain mugs with handles, and other things-glassware. The story about porcelain and glassware contains many contents: the secret of making porcelain, the method of making "hard" liquid glass and glassware, and the characteristics of glass. This is a story from beginning to end, the protagonist is porcelain and glass; More precisely, it is the story of human labor contained in every bowl, plate, cup and vase. It talks about the history of porcelain and glass production departments, the complexity of technology and the physical and chemical properties of materials. Harmony and unity of content and form. It has some short stories, some interviews with production departments, and some popular explanations of scientific achievements. In this way, readers follow the author's brush strokes with great interest and swim in the ocean of knowledge.
Standing in front of the tap, he began to think about water. Why can water put out the fire? An acquaintance of Elias said, because the water is wet and cold. Ilya said, kerosene is wet and cold. Try to put out the fire with kerosene. The same question is, why should we use water to wash it? Just because water is liquid, do you put your clothes in water to see if it can clean itself?
Why should we drink water? Three quarters of an adult's body is water. Where did this water come from? People are like sponges in the rain. All the holes are soaked, so you can squeeze them out. However, if all the water is squeezed out, man must be the ugliest animal, because he died and became a mummy.
Then he followed Ilya to his stove and began to think about fire. Where did the chopping wood go after the stove burned? If it was burned, it should be what you saw, not what you thought. When the fire is burning in the stove, why does it shout? "The fire is getting stronger and stronger." This is the voice of a lazy mind, and Ilya tells us that this is "running air". In fact, man is a "stove". Ilya gave us a riddle: "The stove is on fire, but there is no flame;" Where air goes in, smoke comes out. "What is this? The answer is "people". The wood burning in our stove is food. Because we keep eating, our bodies are always hot. If a person's hands are cold, his feet are cold, his back is cold, his heart is cold, and everything is cold, then he must be dead.
It's really not easy about Ilya. His dining table made him think a lot. His kitchen made him think a lot. His cupboards and wardrobes also made him think a lot. Think of simple things as so interesting. After walking more than 20 steps in their home, Ilya wrote a little book, and then told us that it was a guidebook, which was written for those who were willing to travel at home.
Illya's science popularization is not to tell you the common sense of life, but to talk about philosophical truth and philosophical people in the style of prose.
The book How Man Becomes a Giant tells the history of scientific development with the background of social development. The first part, from the origin of human beings and the transformation from apes to human beings, tells how human beings gradually understand the world in primitive society and transform themselves at the same time, and finally talks about the germination of early slave social science. The second part was written by Ilya and Siegel. This paper tells the story of the development of slave social science, expounds the struggle between new scientific ideas and old traditional concepts, between materialism and idealism, and finally talks about the collapse of slave society. ?
The author's passion for science and nature and vivid writing in Illya's popular science masterpiece Man and Nature have given readers a strong infection and impact, which makes us feel that Ilya not only gives readers rich and vivid knowledge, but also gives readers vivid, concrete and cordial ideological education. We can see that Ilya loves life, science, people and the motherland.
Things around you is a scientific reading and a literary work, including stories and fairy tales. It talks about some ordinary things around you, but there are many things you haven't heard before. For example, exercise books grow in the Woods, shirts grow in the fields, or hail will explain what wind is blowing in the sky, and wine glasses will explain why the ship will not capsize. It tells you something near and something far. It helps you to open your eyes to nature, and you also know that you use your brain to transform nature. Although this is a big book with hundreds of thousands of words, it is very easy to read because it is vivid, easy to understand, interesting and easy to accept.
Ilya's works have been translated and introduced to China for more than half a century. For more than 70 years, the edition has been increasing and the print run has remained the same. It has always been a mentor for teenagers and adult readers.
As Ilya's works were created in the 1920s, they are inevitably limited by history. However, the guiding ideology, principles and methods followed by Ilya's creation, superb writing skills and basic scientific principles expounded still have practical significance. Due to the development of science and history, we can find some shortcomings or problems limited by history when we look at Ilya's concrete works today. We can't ask Ilya, who has been dead for nearly 40 years, but we need to learn valuable experience from his works, understand its profound scientific connotation and see more new works that meet the requirements of the times like Ilya's works.
Open classification:
Literature, figures, celebrities, writers and writers