1. Ideal self-cultivation personality-the "benevolence" of a gentleman is the highest realm of Confucian ethics, but when it comes to personal cultivation, "gentleman" is his ideal personality model. Zeng Shen emphasized that "a gentleman makes friends with his words and helps others with his friends" (The Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan). Try to establish a gentleman to help realize the cultivation of benevolence or put the high standard of benevolence into concrete practice-gentleman's personality. ? Confucius once said: "A gentleman has Jiu Si: he can see clearly, listen attentively, look gently, look respectfully, speak faithfully, think respectfully, ask questions in doubt, think hard, and see what he thinks." ("The Analects of Confucius Ji's") is relatively extensive, but it only tells the truth in all aspects of words and deeds. Zeng Shen entered more specific requirements. He said: "gentlemen have three expenses, and diet is not one of them." A gentleman has three pleasures, and Zhong Qing is not one of them ... It is a pleasure to have an awesome relative, a gentleman who works and a son who is left behind. Having relatives to be afraid, a king to go and a son to be angry are two kinds of pleasures; There are gentlemen to compare with, and friends to help. These three pleasures are also ... It is also a cost to learn less and forget long. If you do something meritorious, you will lose it, and if you do, you will lose both. Keep friends for a long time, and you will never get them. These three expenses are also incurred. . "In addition, Ceng Zi Shili has many strict requirements for gentlemen, such as:" All gentlemen are happy to enjoy the happiness of others, and are courteous to others. Those who come unprepared and those who leave unintentionally. The deceased does not slander and is innocent, which can be described as loyalty. A gentleman is respectful but not difficult, comfortable but not comfortable, humble but not flattering, generous but not vertical, generous but not frugal, straight but not going, which can be described as the unity of knowledge and action. "He also said:" When a gentleman enters a country, he is not shy, not forbidden, not obedient to Chinese clothes, and not afraid of risks. So he said: "It is better to be frugal than to be extravagant; It's better than embarrassment. " Obviously, the definition of a gentleman is much more specific and strict than "Jiu Si", although it is not beyond the scope of "Jiu Si". In the whole history of China's ideology and culture, this style of mentoring inheritance is very representative. Because the Zeng Shen school is too strict with the "gentleman", it sometimes reveals some Taoist flavor. The article "Ceng Zi Shili" also said: "A gentleman is never too small, nor is he too small. If people know, they will be willing. If others don't know, they will know. A gentleman should keep it for life. " "A gentleman sees profit and is ashamed, evil and ashamed, lewd and ashamed, angry and bitter. The gentleman will keep this battle for life. " Although this cautious attitude towards life is basically within the scope of Confucianism, it is obvious that the logic of Taoism is used to demand gentlemen, and its tendency of passive avoidance is obvious. This tendency may have been avoided by Zeng Shen at the beginning, but the development of ideas, like many others, can be involved, and it will be difficult to grasp its own deformation after a certain degree. Zeng Shen's requirements for gentleman's cultivation. 2. The concept of modern people is original: what is a gentleman should borrow the metaphor of the ancients: Confucius called people "villains" and the famous saying that "a gentleman is righteous and a villain benefits". The oldest meaning of a gentleman mainly refers to people who are educated and have good moral character, while ordinary people have no chance of education, so they are also called "villains" together with people who have no virtue ... What is a gentleman? To borrow a word from a friend: When talking about "What is a good man" at dinner, I asked my friend, do you think you are a good man? He thought for a moment and said, "I don't know what the definition of a good man is, but I am a man of my word and can be called a' gentleman', because the definition of a gentleman is that he has a sense of responsibility and doesn't promise easily, but he can definitely keep his word." Of course, he will say whatever he says and judge the crux of the matter. In modern society, it is difficult to be responsible for various interpersonal relationships and roles. " I also thought about it and replied, "In fact, you are not the only one who keeps your word. A person who is punctual, does not stand up easily, and does not act arbitrarily easily, such as "drinking crimes", can also be included as a gentleman and a good man! " In fact, we girls are shouting every day that we should find a good man, have the bearing of a gentleman and have the demeanor of a general. In fact, our requirements are not very high. Unfortunately, it may be difficult for men. Because people who bear the name of a gentleman must be very considerate of the feelings of people around them and take care of their families. Unfortunately, for gentlemen, the details of life they are used to are definitely a burden that they have never really been free and easy. "The Analects of Confucius (1)" describes a gentleman as "a gentleman is righteous and a villain is beneficial." (In The Analects of Confucius, "righteousness" means "appropriateness", that is to say, a gentleman always takes an appropriate right path. The villain attaches great importance to self-interest, and it is easy to go astray driven by self-interest. (2) "A gentleman is wild, and a villain is pregnant with soil. The gentleman is pregnant with punishment, and the villain is pregnant. " (The Analects of Confucius, Liren) That is to say, gentlemen and villains think differently every day. A gentleman cares about his moral restoration every day, while a villain remembers his hometown; There is always a rule and statute in a gentleman's heart that cannot be surpassed, while a villain is full of small favors. (3) "Admire without arguing, not for the party" (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong) means that gentlemen are gregarious. Although his heart is solemn and sacred, he never argues among a large group of people. At the same time, he will never pull gangs and seek personal gain. This is what Confucius called "gentlemen are harmonious but different" (The Analects of Confucius, Lutz). The villain is just the opposite. He is "harmonious but different" (The Analects of Lutz). In life, we often see such a scene: when we discuss a thing, before the leader finishes, someone will immediately jump out and say, yes, yes, the leader said it well, and there are a lot of praise words such as strategic thinking and foresight; But after the meeting, he will turn to others and say, hey, what is this leader saying? I totally disagree with him! Regarding the difference between a gentleman and a villain, Confucius has another expression, which is called "A gentleman is not as good as a week, and a villain is not as good as a villain" ("The Analects of Confucius"). Zhou can unite and take care of many people. He associates with people based on morality, so he has many like-minded friends. No matter how many friends a real gentleman has, he will make his friends feel happy and cared for like oxygen in the air. The glyph "Bi" is like two people standing side by side, indicating that the villain likes to form a small circle and he will not blend into a large group. (4) "An upright person is upright, and villains often perish together" (The Analects of Confucius) The reason why villains like to collude with each other is because they have ghosts in their hearts and want to seek personal gain and safeguard vested interests through this collusion. This is what the so-called "nepotism" means. The gentleman is open-minded, because he is calm and selfless, so he can be peaceful and come together with everyone sincerely. (5) "A word from a gentleman is a promise. Don't say it; It also allows people, this device. It's easy for the villain to say something difficult. Although it doesn't matter, it is also said; It also makes people want to be prepared. " (The Analects of Confucius Lutz) said that if you use "Yue", everyone will be happy. A gentleman is easy for you to get along with, but difficult for you to please. If you try to please him by unfair means, he will be unhappy instead. Never say that if you give him a small favor, he will give you the green light and open the back door. When he really uses you, he will arrange a suitable seat for you according to your talents. This is the so-called "device" The characteristic of a villain is that you can please him easily, but it is difficult for you to get along with him. There are not a few such people in life. For example, if you give him a little favor, do him a small favor, or even buy him a drink, this person will be very happy. Even if the way you please him is immoral and unfair, he will still be happy. But it is not easy for such people to * * *. Don't think that if you win his favor for a while, he will give you a green light loyally in the future. Although you have spent a lot of effort and money to get through the joints, when he really wants to hire people, he will not arrange a job for you according to your talents. On the contrary, I feel that you are not qualified here and there, and everything you have done before is in vain. He will try his best to make things difficult for you and make you feel embarrassed. So it's hard for you to get along with such people. "Zhouyi" said: Tian Xingjian, the gentleman constantly strives for self-improvement; The capacity of the earth is limited, so a gentleman must constantly cultivate his own virtue to undertake the world. The last sentence, "Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement", is more widely circulated. But for two thousand years, many people know and few people can understand. Moreover, there are different explanations in academic circles. At present, there seems to be no recognized correct explanation. The first divination of the Book of Changes in the original Book of Changes is to work for heaven, and to work for heaven, as if to say: Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement. If you don't use the hidden dragon, Yang is next. See Long Zaitian, Deshipu also. Do it all day, over and over again. Or jump into the abyss and have no regrets. Fei long is in the sky, and Niu San is also there. Kang long has regrets and cannot last long. With nine, Tiande can't be the first. ..... dry yuan, beginning and constant. Chastity, temperament also. In the beginning, we can use beauty to benefit the world, not words. Great! What a big deal! Strong and upright, pure and free from vulgarity. Give full play to six ideas and bypass feelings. Take six dragons to rule the sky. Clouds are raining and the world is flat. A gentleman's virtue can be seen every day. Implicit words are also hidden, but not seen, which is also used by gentlemen. A gentleman learns to gather, argue, tolerate and be kind. The second divination, Kun Kun, said: the terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with kindness. ..... The classical Chinese says: Kun is soft and dynamic, quiet and virtuous, wins and remains unchanged, and is all-inclusive and melts into the light. Kunqi's road is smooth sailing! Inherit the sky and do what you want. If you accumulate a good home, there will be celebration; If you accumulate bad houses, the damage will be even greater. Interpretation 1: According to the Book of Changes, dry is a horse and Kun is a cow. Symbolize the sky in Malay. So it is not difficult to understand that a good horse is constantly striving for self-improvement; Kun is a cow, and cows are used to interpret people's morality. Some ancient sentences don't need to be elaborated, but the key lies in personal taste. Interpretation 2: The Book of Changes says: Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement; The capacity of the earth is limited, so a gentleman must constantly cultivate his own virtue to undertake the world. "Tian Xingjian" and "Terrain Kun" lost their symmetry. What happened? The silk book Zhouyi records that "gan" is the key, "Tian Xingjian" is the key of heaven, "key" is the ancient word of "gan", and "key" is also trained as "sword", strung together: heaven, line and gan (key). Fuck, Kenya. According to the silk book Zhouyi, "Kun" means "Chuan", "Shi" means "Holding", "Terrain Kun" means "Earth Holding Sichuan", "Chuan" is the ancient word of "Kun", and "Chuan" is also taught as "Shun", which means: Earth, Holding and Kun. Kun, Shunya. "Earth" also has the power of the original, and "holding" is "potential", so "earth holding Kun" becomes "terrain Kun". "Hold" hold; The meanings of "potential", "force" and "potential" are great. The people's counselor transformed heaven and earth, participated in "all being", could "recover" and "see the heart of heaven and earth". Heaven and earth, three talents and two talents, walking in the middle, what is the confusion? God forbid, fuck. Fuck, Kenya. A gentleman strives for self-improvement. The first place, Kun. Kun, Shunya. A gentleman carries things with virtue. Interpretation 3: "Tian Xingjian" comes from Zhouyi: "Tian Xingjian, the gentleman strives for self-improvement" (dry divination) and "the terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with morality" (Kun divination). It means: the movement of heaven (that is, nature) is strong and healthy, and accordingly, a gentleman should be firm and eager to be strong; The potential of the earth is thick and slippery, and the gentleman is tolerant. A gentleman should run like Tianyu, indomitable even if he is displaced; If you are a gentleman, the measurement of objects should be like the earth, and nothing can't be carried.
Lianhua Xiaoji
Chinese Name: Lotus, Lotus Scientific Name: Lotus English Name: Lotus flower (Hindu Lotus) Alias: Lotus, Lotus, Shuizhi, Zezhi, Blooming Lotus, Shuidan, Grass Lotus, Water Lotus, Yuhuan, June Spring, China Lotus, June Flower God, Lotus Lotus Lotus, etc.
The difference between water lily and lotus.
They are very similar, the main difference lies in the growth position of leaves and flowers and the shape of leaves. Water lilies-leaves and flowers stick to the water, and the leaves have deep cracks. Lotus leaves and flowers stick out of the water, and the leaves are round and without cracks. Biological Taxonomy: Plant phylum: Angiosperma phylum: Dicotyledonous phylum: protein phylum: Lotus family: Lotus species: Lotus.
Another name for the beauty of lotus flowers
(1) Lotus: Erya: Lotus, Lotus, alias Lotus. (2) Lotus: Erya Cao Shi: Lotus and Lotus. ..... its flowers are actually lotus, and its roots are lotus. " (3) Lotus: Tang Zhangji's poem "Send my brother to Suzhou" says: "jathyapple citrus reticulata, autumn wind Bai Lianhua." (4) Water hibiscus: "Qunfangpu": "Lotus is also called lotus and water hibiscus." (5) Grass hibiscus: Du Fu's poem notes that those born on land are called Muhibiscus, and those born in water are called grass hibiscus. (6) Splash: Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica: Interpretation of Lotus: Lotus, Lotus, Splash. "(7) Netizen: also known as netizen. Lotus is clean and spotless, so people call it a netizen. (8) Shuizhi: The "vegetation" in Pu Cuibao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times: "Furong is a Iowa, a Shui Mu, a Shuizhi and a Huashui." (9) Zezhi: "Cong" Guo Pu's "Eryatuzan Furong Zan" says: "Fu Yung Lai grass was once called Zezhi ..." (10). Wu's "Fu Fu" says: "There is a lotus flower planted in Nakagawa." (1 1) Yu Zhi: The Classic of Materia Medica contains: "Lotus is also called Yu Zhi." (12) Gentleman's Flower: Zhou Dunyi wrote "Love Lotus" in the Northern Song Dynasty, saying that lotus is a gentleman among flowers, and lotus is also called "Gentleman's Flower". (13) Shuigong Fairy: It is named because the lotus is in the water and the lotus stands gracefully on the water like a fairy floating. (14) Han Han: "Er Ya": "Lotus, lotus ... so beautiful. "According to legend, Sakyamuni was originally a bodhisattva in the sky, and was born to King Kapilawei. Mrs. Moyev, the princess of Sudoku King, is as beautiful as a fairy, gentle and virtuous, and deep with the king of the sea. Mrs. Moyev recalled her wedding night, and she vaguely saw a man riding a white elephant coming towards her in the distance, getting smaller and smaller, and getting into her stomach from her right rib. She had a vague premonition that the Bodhisattva had turned into a white elephant and was born. In the future, Mrs. Moyev's pregnant face is slightly red. Colorful green neckline lace is like a lotus leaf, and her face is like a blooming lotus flower. Later, Mrs. Moyoev gave birth to Buddha under the Miluo tree. Hundreds of birds sang in groups, and flowers and trees were in full bloom all the year round, especially when lotus flowers the size of a car cover suddenly blossomed in the swamp. As soon as the Buddha was born, he stood on the lotus, pointing to the sky and the ground, and said, "Heaven and the world are nothing more. "Not only that, lotus is also closely related to Buddhist medicine. Lotus is rich in nutrition, both edible and medicinal. In ancient times, women often dressed up with dewy lotus flowers in the morning, or took lotus flowers to keep beautiful. Lotus contains phlogiston and luteolin, which can moisturize skin color. Fresh and tender lotus flowers are brewed with boiling water, and their juice is green and fragrant, which has the effects of clearing away heat, promoting fluid production and appetizing. The underground rhizome of lotus is called lotus root. According to legend, Sharifutsu, one of the top ten disciples of Sakyamuni, suffered from tuberculosis. Mu Yulian came to visit him and learned that Sha Rifu likes to eat lotus roots, so he brought some fresh lotus roots for Sha Rifu to eat. Sharifutsu really recovered after eating lotus root. Later, Buddhist disciples often used lotus root as medicine to treat diseases and found that lotus root had many medicinal values.
The beautiful quality of lotus.
There is a poem in Li Sao, the masterpiece of Qu Yuan, the first poet in the ages: "Make lotus flowers as clothes, and pick hibiscus as clothes." In order to express his determination not to do as the Romans do, poets should wear clothes with rich fragrance made of lotus flowers. Here, the image of lotus not only symbolizes the poet's noble quality and graceful accomplishment, but also shows the poet's strong passion and fantastic imagination and the romantic characteristics of the immortal masterpiece Li Sao. "Jiangnan can pick lotus, lotus leaf Tian Tian. Fish are frolicking among the lotus leaves. Fish plays lotus leaf east, fish plays lotus leaf west, fish plays lotus leaf south and fish plays lotus leaf north. " This is a very fresh and beautiful poem in Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty. In this poem, "lotus" refers to both the real Hualien and the sympathetic homophonic word "pity". The love between men and women is vividly compared with a fish hitting a lotus leaf. With the beautiful water town in the south of the Yangtze River as the background, the hero and heroine who picked lotus rocked the boat and sang pure and beautiful love freely. What a fresh picture! In "The Theory of Love Lotus", the author wrote the growing environment of the lotus with the words "Love the lotus only, but don't touch the mud, clear but not demon", highlighting the noble essence of the lotus-it doesn't collude with the secular; With the external image of "straight outside and penetrating inside, not sloppy and not tired", it highlights the behavior and understanding of Lian; "Delicate fragrance is far and clear, graceful and graceful, but you can watch it from a distance, but you can't play it", which shows Lotus's demeanor and temperament-respecting but not daring to be unlucky, enjoying a high reputation, being honest and clean.
Lotus in ancient poetry allusions
"Lotus leaf skirt cut one color, hibiscus open two sides. I can't see it when I enter the pool. I feel someone coming when I hear the song. " In the poem "Lotus Picking Song" written by Wang Changling, the Seven Wonders of the Tang Dynasty, although the beauty of lotus picking girls is not a word, they are all romantic, because their figures have been integrated with picturesque lotus ponds and lotus flowers. From this natural and intriguing artistic conception, we can easily feel the charm of China's classical literature. The Western Zhou Qu, which represents the highest achievement of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, has a detailed description of lotus flowers and lotus picking: "Don't open the door, go out and pick red lotus flowers. Autumn, autumn Nantang, she is holding a lotus seed, and the lotus grows taller. Bow your head and get lotus seeds, green as water. Hide lotus seeds in your sleeve. Lotus seeds are red and transparent. Recalling Mandy, I looked up at Hong Fei ... "The scene of picking lotus in this poem not only vividly shows the life of Jiangnan people, but also writes the heroine's deep yearning for her long-distance lover, with fresh and lively language, long artistic conception and lingering feelings. Yang Wanli, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty who is famous for his sincerity, once wrote the poem "Seeing Lin Zifang at Jingci Temple": "After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June. The next day, the lotus leaf is infinitely blue, and the lotus color is different. " In this poem, the poet captured two typical scenes, "Lotus leaves touch the sky" and "Lotus flowers reflect the sun", and wrote the beautiful scenery of the West Lake in June in a popular and lively style, which changed the shortcomings of thin, blunt and astringent Song poetry, and was very natural and spiritual. Zhou Dunyi, the founder and philosopher of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, wrote such a sentence in "Love Lotus": "Love Lotus says that it is far from being dirty, clear from evil, straight from the outside, not crawling, fragrant from far away, graceful from being ridiculous ... Lotus is also a gentleman of flowers." In this essay, the author describes the noble quality, elegant temperament, graceful figure and solemn appearance of lotus from different angles and different sides, and expresses the noble sentiments and interests of feudal literati. Since then, lotus has become spiritual and stepped into the ranks of gentlemen in flowers. In the Ming Dynasty, Xu created the image of a young hero, Nezha, in his famous ghost novel Romance, and he became a lotus flower. He is pure, brave and powerful, dares to despise theocracy, and is extremely upright and rebellious. He is one of the people's favorite figures in China's classical literature. Through Nezha, a mythical figure, we can see that Lotus has become a just and brave poem: 1. The ruffled skirt is a color cut, and the ruffled edge opens to both sides of the face. Source: Song of Picking Lotus [Tang] Wang Changling 2. The next day, the lotus leaves are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers are of different colors. Source: Xiao Jingci Temple Pai Lin Zifang Author: Yang Wanli 3. Only the green lotus and the fiery red lotus are as naive as opening and closing. Source: Li Shangyin from Lotus Pond.