Tagore, Robin Delanat
Indian poet, writer, artist and social activist. He is an influential figure who introduced Indian culture to the west and introduced western culture to India.
Born in Kolkata, West Bengal on May 7th, 186 1, died in the same place on August 7th. This family belongs to the Brahmin caste, a merchant and landlord. Grandfather Deval Jenat Tagore and father Dai Bandera Nat Tagore are both social activists who support social reform. Tagore attended Oriental College, Normal School and Bangladesh College, but did not complete his formal studies. His knowledge comes from the advice of his father, brother and tutor and his own efforts. /kloc-began to write poetry at the age of 0/3, and/kloc-published patriotic poem "For Hindu Temple Fair" at the age of 0/4. From 65438 to 0878, he followed the wishes of his father and brother and went to England to study. He studied law first, then transferred to London University to study English literature and study western music. 1880 returned to China, specializing in literary creation. 1884, he left the city and went to the countryside to manage his ancestral land. 190 1 year, founded a school in Santiktan, near Bolpur, Bangladesh. 192 1 year, this school developed into an international university for the exchange of Asian culture. After 1905, the national liberation movement reached its climax, and the people of Bangladesh and all India opposed the decision to split Bangladesh, forming a vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement. Tagore went to Calcutta to take part in sports. He was filled with indignation and wrote many patriotic poems. However, he soon disagreed with other leaders of the movement. He disapproved of the people's "direct action" to burn British goods and insult the British, but advocated doing more "constructive" work, such as going to the countryside to develop industry and eliminate poverty and ignorance. He quit the movement in 1907 and returned to the holy land of Nikitan, living in seclusion and burying himself in writing. 19 13 years, because of the English version of Gitanjaly (Ode to Sacrifice, published in 19 1 1), it won the Nobel Prize in Literature and became famous in the world literary world. He was awarded a doctorate by Calcutta University. The British government conferred a title on him. After the outbreak of World War I, he crossed the ocean 10 times, visited dozens of countries and regions, spread peace and friendship, and engaged in cultural exchanges. 19 19, Amritsar tragedy happened, and the British army shot and killed 1000 Indian civilians. Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest. 1930, he visited the Soviet Union and wrote Russian Letters. He condemned the invasion of Abyssinia by Italian fascists. Support the Spanish government against fascist leader Franco. After the outbreak of World War II, he wrote an article denouncing Hitler's unjust behavior. He has always been concerned about world politics and the fate of the people and supported the just cause of mankind.
Creation In nearly 70 years of creative activities, Tagore has created more than 50 poems, 65,438+02 novellas, 65,438+000 short stories, more than 20 plays, a large number of works in literature, philosophy and politics, and more than 65,438+0,500 paintings and more than 2,000 songs, including
/kloc-after 0/3 years old, Tagore published long poems such as Wild Flowers and Poet's Tales. From 188 1 ~ 1885, lyric poetry collections such as Sunset Song, Morning Song, Painting and Song, as well as dramas and novels were published. Drama and novels are mainly epics and past books, and poetry is full of romanticism. 1886, the publication of the poetry collection "Rigid and Soft" marked that he entered a period of facing life and real life directly on his creative road. Yearning in the Heart is his first mature work, and his unique style has begun to take shape. During this period, he also wrote the plays "King and Queen" and "Sacrifice", opposing the restoration of the privileges and backward customs of Brahman priests. The 65438+1990s was the heyday of Tagore's creation. Starting from 189 1, satana, edited by him, published more than 60 short stories, including Moya Moya, which mainly opposed feudal oppression and exposed unreasonable phenomena in real life. Five lyric poems, short philosophical poems 1, poetry anthology 1 and story poetry anthology 1 were published. The narrative poem "Two Mu of Land" in Colorful Collection is the highest embodiment of the author's democratic thought. Starting with Examples, he began to write poems in Bengali dialect. Most of the poems in his second English-translated collection of poems, The Gardener Collection, are selected from the works of this period.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Tagore suffered personal misfortune, and the grief and sadness of losing his wife, daughter and father were recorded in the poetry collections Memories, Children and Ferry. He also wrote two novels, Little Sand and Shipwreck. 19 10, the novel "Gora" was published, which reflected the complex phenomenon in Indian social life and shaped the image of a soldier who fought for national freedom and liberation. Praise the patriotic enthusiasm of new Hindus and their confidence in the freedom of the motherland, but also criticize their thoughts of maintaining the old tradition; The dogmatism and worship of foreign things and flattery of some people in Vatican society have also been whipped. During this period, he also created symbolic dramas "The King" and "Post Office" and satirical drama "Stubborn Fortress". 19 10, the Bengali poetry collection "Chittaglia" was published. Later, when Tagore lived in London, he translated some poems from "Chittaglia", "Ferry" and "Dedication" into English. In 19 13, the English version of "Chittaglia" was published, and Tagore became. He entered another creative climax, and published poems such as Garland of Songs, Ode, White Crane, Escape, novella Four People and Family and the World. In the 1920s, Tagore continued to write, publishing dramas such as Mokdotara and Red Oleander, novels such as Controversy, The Last Poetry and some poems. In 1930s, he published the novels Two Sisters, Garden and Four Chapters. Drama "Wheels of the Times" and "Kingdom of Cards"; Poetry "Once again", "Marginal Collection" and political lyric poem "Buddha's Ritual". 194 1 In April, he wrote his last words, the famous Crisis of Civilization, accusing the British colonial rule and expressing his firm belief in national independence.
Chinese Translation of Tagore's Works
Thought development and artistic achievements Tagore was born in an era of rapid change and was influenced by traditional Indian philosophy and western philosophy. But the most basic and core part of his world outlook is the traditional pantheism in India, that is, "the unity of Brahma and Me". In Colorful Collection, he first put forward the concept of "God of Life". His devotion to God is combined with his love for life, country and people. But it also casts a strong mysticism on his poems. In addition, he advocated the spiritual civilization of the East, but did not obliterate the material civilization of the West. All these make his thoughts full of contradictions, which are manifested in his creation. Throughout Tagore's life thought and creative development, it can be roughly divided into three stages: ① From childhood to around 19 10, he actively participated in anti-British political activities, praised national heroes, preached patriotism and advocated great national unity in India. ② He lived in seclusion to 19 19 and actively participated in the national movement again. His patriotic enthusiasm faded slightly, and his poems with strong political content were replaced by poems with mysterious meanings. These poems were also influenced by western symbolism and aestheticism and advocated love and harmony. ③ From the Amritsar tragedy in 19 19 until his death, he began to care about politics and actively participated in the national liberation struggle. His works are full of political passion, broad vision and great concern for the world and mankind. It can be said that Tagore's life's creation has both "Bodhisattva's compassion" and "King Kong's glare". Influenced by Indian classical literature, western poetry and Bangladeshi folk lyrics, most of his poems are rhymed and unabridged free poems and prose poems. Influenced by western novels, his novels are innovative, especially the combination of poetry and painting to form a unique style.
Tagore and Tagore of China have always emphasized the necessity of unity, friendship and cooperation between Indian and China people. 188 1 year, he wrote "the trade of death", condemning the crime of Britain dumping opium to China and poisoning the people of China. 19 16 delivered a speech in Japan, attacking Japanese militarists' aggression against China. /kloc-visited China in 0/924, and returned to China to publish a talk in China. From 65438 to 0937, after Japanese imperialism launched the war of aggression against China, he published many open letters, talks and poems, denounced Japanese imperialism and sympathized with and supported the just struggle of the people of China. The early works of China writers Guo Moruo, Zheng Zhenduo, Bing Xin and Xu Zhimo were mostly influenced by him. His works were introduced to China as early as 19 15. In the past decades, there have been many Chinese translations and comments on his works. 196 1 In order to commemorate his centenary birthday, People's Literature Publishing House published 10 volumes of Tagore's works.
===========
Bing Xin (1900 ~) is a contemporary female writer and a children's literature writer. Formerly known as Xie Wanying, her pen names are Ms. Bing Xin and Man. Originally from Changle, Fujian, he was born in Fuzhou. In his childhood, he was widely exposed to China's classical novels and translations. 19 18 entered the preparatory course of Concord Women's University and actively participated in the May 4th Movement. The first novel "Two Houses" was published in 19 19. Since then, there have been "problem novels" that discuss life problems, such as I am lonely and going to the countryside. At the same time, influenced by Tagore's Birds, he wrote untitled free poems. These crystal clear, beautiful and gentle poems were later published as "Spring Water of the Stars", which was called "Spring Water". 192 1 Join the Literature Research Association. In the same year, he published a collection of essays, Laughter and Past Events. 1923 graduated from yenching university Art Department. I went to Wellesley Women's University to study English literature. During my travel and study abroad in the United States, I wrote a collection of essays for young readers, which showed the characteristics of grace, lightness, elegance, conciseness and fluency, with high artistic expression and made higher achievements than novels and poems. This unique style was once called "Ice Heart Body" by people at that time, which had a wide influence.
From 65438 to 0926, Bing Xin returned to China after obtaining a master's degree in literature and taught in yenching university and Tsinghua University successively. Since then, he has written prose "Returning to the South", novel "Pink" and "Dong Er Girl", showing more profound social connotations. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was engaged in creative and cultural salvation activities in Kunming and Chongqing. 1946 went to Japan and was a professor at Tokyo University. 195 1 returned to China, and served as the editorial board of People's Literature, director of the Chinese Writers Association and vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. His works include essays After My Return, For Young Readers, We Woke up in Spring, Ode to Cherry Blossoms, Gleaning, Collected Works of Yat Sen, For Young Readers, etc. Show a colorful life. She still maintains her own unique style in art, and her short story Empty Nest won the 1980 Excellent Short Story Award. In the same year, Xiao Ju Deng, a children's literature work, won the honorary prize of the National Children's Literature Creation Award. In addition to the above works, Bing Xin has also published novels such as Superman, Going to the Countryside, Dong Er Girl, and novels and essays such as Past, Returning to the South, Essays for Women, Complete Works of Bing Xin, Collected Works of Bing Xin and Selected Translation of Bing Xin. Her works have been translated into many foreign languages and published.
Stars (Poems) 1923, Business.
Quanshui (poetry anthology) 1923, Xinchao Society.
Superman (collection of novels and essays) 1923, business
To a young reader (prose collection) 1926, Beixin.
Past events (novel prose) 193O, enlightenment.
Nangui (Prose Collection) 193 1, Beixin
Auntie (collection of novels) 1932, Beixin
Bing Xin's novels, one of the complete works of Bing Xin, 1933, Beixin.
The Complete Works of Bing Xin-Bing Xin Poetry 1932, Beixin.
Bing Xin's third complete works-Bing Xin's prose collection 1932, Beixin.
Leisure (Poetry and Prose Collection) 1922, Beixin
Go to China (novel collection) 1933, Beixin.
Travel along Pingsui (essays) 1935, Pingsui Railway Bureau.
Dong Er Girls (Collection of Novels) 1935, Beixin.
One of Bing Xin's works-Bing Xin's novel 1943, Wu.
The second collection of Bing Xin's works-Bing Xin's essays, 1943, Wu.
The third collection of Bing Xin's works-Bing Xin's poems, 1943, Wu.
About women (essays) 1943, heaven and earth
Selected Works of Bing Xin's Novels and Proses 1954, Humanities
Tao Qi's Summer Diary (Novel) 1956, Shanghai Children.
Miscellaneous notes on returning home (essays) 1957, Shanghai children.
After returning (essays) 1958, writer.
We Awaken Spring (Prose Collection) 1960, Hundred Flowers
"Little Orange Lantern" (anthology of novels and prose poems) 1960, writer.
Ode to Cherry Blossoms (Prose Collection) 1962, Hundred Flowers
Notes (Prose Collection) 1964. author
Yat sen villa (essays and novels) 1980, Hundred Flowers
Three small readers (essays) 198 1, children.
Notes on Beads (Creation) 1982, Humanities
Bing Xin Wheel Creation 1982. Shanghai literature and art
Selected Works of Bing Xin 1982, Children.
Selected Works of Bing Xin 1983, Humanities
Selected Works of Bing Xin (1-2) 1983, Sichuanese (incomplete)
Collection of Bing Xin's Works (1-3) 1983 Shanghai Literature and Art (incomplete)
The Complete Works of Bing Xin (1-8) 1994, Literature and Art in the Straits.
Prophet (Selected Prose Poems) by Syrian Carol Ji Bolun, 193 1, Crescent Moon.
Indian fairy tale author Ram Annard, India, 1955, Zhongqing.
Indian Tagore's Good Luck and Good Wings (poetry anthology), 1955, Humanities
Indian folktales, Indian Ram Annard, 1955, Shanghai Children.
Co-translation of Tagore's Selected Poems and Shi Zhecun, 1958, Humanities
Tagore's Drama ④ 1959, Drama
A copy of Ma Hengda's poems (in Nepali) translated by Sun Yong, 1965.
"The Lamp Burner" (poetry anthology) Anton Buttigieg, 198 1, humanities.
===================
The call of the soul
Reading Haruki in the starry sky is a pleasure. You don't have to be too cautious when reading, let alone deliberately pursue anything. It is like a whisper in the heart, like crossing a mountain spring, like a lyric ditty, and it is easy to produce emotional songs when reading. In leisure time, relax, gently open the title page, listen to soothing light music, and savor this distant, profound, natural and fresh language with the training of lavender swaying in the wind. Very comfortable!
Tong Zhen
"The fish swam up and a bug floated on the water. In this little do or die, my fragile heart suddenly trembled! " Similar to the scene in the poem, everyone has seen it. Five or six years ago, I saw such a picture in a CCTV program: a lively and clever deer was separated from his companions when wild animals attacked it. At the same time, a strong lion chased the petite deer, and the deer ran away like crazy. His eyes are full of longing for life, and he tells himself: I must run hard and live! However, the weak are the weak after all. When the lion was a few steps away from the deer, it pounced and bit the deer's neck desperately. With a sad cry, the deer's life ended.
This scene only lasted forty or fifty seconds, but it kept me awake for nearly half a month. There is only sympathy and disgust in my emotional world: sympathy for the shocking cry of the deer before its death; I hate the greedy eyes of lions fighting for deer. However, when I see a similar scene again, I will only use the word "the law of the jungle" to explain it lightly. Until now, I realized that the poor feeling in my heart at that time came from my kindness and my precious innocence. Naive, come back and help me to be the emotional me before.
natural
"A wise man, abandon the flower of fantasy in your hand! She is just illusory, but the spring scenery in your eyes is different. " I like this poem because I found a song that * * * matches my heart. I used to be a dreamer, obsessed with the fantasy of the future all day, and unable to improve the present wisely. When I was a child, I often fantasized about how successful, smooth and unparalleled my future was. But that's just an extraordinarily beautiful but elusive flower in fantasy. I used to study because I didn't care whether I wanted to do it or not, so my grades never improved.
Indulge in fantasy, and make yourself pass by many rare opportunities. I remember there was a comprehensive knowledge contest in the fifth grade. The students are eager to try and prepare actively, but I don't care much. I firmly believe that I will succeed. But when it comes to the competition, I don't know where to start when I see the test questions. After the results of the competition came out, some students who were not as good as me were on the list, but I fell out of Sun Shan. I really regretted it at that time! It is sad for people who indulge in fantasy but don't try to pursue the truly radiant sun in reality.
From now on, throw away the imaginary flowers in your hands and strive for those real beauty!
mother love
"mom! Open your sorrow and let me sink into your arms. Only you are the settlement of my soul. " Mother, an eternal topic, has been known for its greatness and selflessness for thousands of years. In Bing Xin's Spring with Stars, maternal love is the main theme of the work. Every time I read it, my heart always trembles slightly. I remember my father telling me such a touching story. An expert who has made great achievements in academic circles and specializes in mechanics learned that his daughter flew to the front of the building where her daughter stood at the speed of light without shoes when practicing flying on the roof of a five-story building. When her daughter jumped down, she rushed forward without hesitation and caught her daughter. Later, when her classmates warned her lying in the emergency room that it was dangerous to do that, she smiled and said, "I have been doing mechanics for most of my life. How can I not know the danger?" However, in the world of love, there is no mechanics! "
Love has no mechanism. Although the female bird is afraid that the boy will eject to her wings, when the chick much bigger than the bullet falls from the nest mouth, it will rush up without hesitation like lightning; When a cow and her calf are attacked by wolves, she will protect her children with her body and blood. ...
In this world, it is often only the mother who bears everything and finally forgets herself. Promise me, please do something for my mother now. Believe me, even a small thing will give her great comfort!
Are you ready to dance your white wings, find your long-lost innocence, throw away fantasy flowers and learn to love and be loved with the refreshing "Star Spring Wood" like "Biluochun", a lovely angel?