Charles Baudelaire (182 1- 1867), my spiritual idol in high school, was the most famous modernist poet in the19th century and the pioneer of symbolism poetry, and his masterpiece was Flowers of Evil.
French poet. Born in Paris. He lost his father in his early years and his mother remarried. His stepfather, Colonel Aupic, was later promoted to general, and was appointed as the French ambassador to Spain during the Second Reich. He didn't understand Baudelaire's poetic temperament and complicated mood, and Baudelaire couldn't accept his stepfather's autocratic style and high-handed means, so Aupic became Baudelaire's most hated person. But Baudelaire has deep feelings for his mother. This abnormal family relationship will inevitably affect the poet's mental state and creative mood. Baudelaire challenged the traditional ideas and moral values of the bourgeoisie. He tried to get rid of the shackles of class ideology and explore the spiritual balance in the dream world of lyric poetry. In this sense, Baudelaire is a prodigal son of the bourgeoisie. 1848, workers in Paris revolted against the restoration dynasty. Baudelaire boarded the barricade and took part in the battle.
As an adult, Baudelaire inherited his biological father's legacy, made friends with literati and artists in Paris and lived a bohemian life. His main poems were written in this contradiction and depression.
The work that established Baudelaire's important position in the history of French literature is the poetry anthology Flowers of Evil. When the first edition of this collection of poems was published in 1857, only 100 poems were included. 186 1 reprinted, increased to 129. Later, it was reprinted many times and gained something one after another. Among them, poetry anthology was once considered as obscene reading materials, and six of them were banned and fined by the then government. This matter had a great influence on Baudelaire. From the theme, Flowers of Evil praises wine and beauty, and emphasizes the intoxication of the senses. It seems that the poet is cynical and takes a tired and evasive attitude towards real life. In essence, the author is dissatisfied with real life and adopts a desperate rebellious attitude towards the objective world. He exposed the dark side of life, sang ugly things, and even took pains to describe a rotting corpse, touching his nose with piles of maggots and foul smell to show his unique view of love. At that time, my beauty, please tell them,/Those maggots who kissed you,/Although the old love has broken down, I have preserved the shape and essence of/love! ) His poems are an impact on the bourgeois traditional aesthetics.
There have always been different comments on Baudelaire and Flowers of Evil. Conservative critics believe that Baudelaire is a decadent poet and Flowers of Evil is a poisonous weed. Bourgeois authoritative scholars such as Ransen and Brunaj also belittled Baudelaire. But they have to admit the artistic features of Flowers of Evil. After criticizing Baudelaire's decadence, Lanson affirmed that he was a "powerful artist". The poet Hugo wrote a letter to Baudelaire, praising these poems for "shining like stars in the sky". Hugo said, "The author of the flower of evil has created a new chill."
Baudelaire is not only a pioneer of French symbolism poetry, but also one of the founders of modernism. Modernism believes that the aesthetic concept of good, evil, beauty and ugliness is different from the general secular concept of beauty and ugliness. The so-called beauty and goodness in modernism refers to the poet's unique and perfect display of his spiritual realm with the most suitable artistic means to express his inner secrets and true feelings. Flowers of Evil has accomplished such an aesthetic mission brilliantly.
The word "evil" in the French "flower of evil" originally meant not only evil and evil, but also disease and pain. Baudelaire dedicated his poems to the poet jean paul Gauthie on the title page, calling his poems "sick flowers", thinking that his works are a kind of "sick" art, and he has a deep hatred for the real world that makes him sick. In his letter to his friends, he said: "In this cruel book, I have injected all my thoughts and my whole heart (modified). This hatred is so profound because it reflects the author's strong yearning for health, light and even "sacred" things.
Baudelaire published a unique collection of prose poems, Melancholy in Paris (1869) and Artificial Paradise (1860). His literary criticism, a glimpse of aesthetics (1868) and romantic art also have a certain position in the history of French literary criticism. Baudelaire also translated Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and The Sequel of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio by American poet Poe.
One of Baudelaire's contributions to symbolism poetry is that he put forward spirituality in view of romanticism's emphasis on emotion. The so-called spirituality is actually thought. He always organizes his image around an idea. Even in some poems that emphasize description, he often changes the meaning of the whole poem by putting forward some ideas.
chronological table
Charles Baudelaire was born at Gaoye Street 15.
1827 baudelaire's father jean-fran? ois baudelaire died.
1828 Mother remarried to Colonel Obik.
183 1 year, Obico was transferred to Lyon for garrison, and his whole family went with him. Baudelaire entered Delaume Boarding School.
1832 entered the Royal Lyon Middle School.
1836, Obico was transferred back to Paris, and Baudelaire entered Louis the Great Middle School. Start reading chateaubriand and St. Boff
1837 second prize of Latin poetry for top middle school students.
1838 traveled to the Pyrenees and wrote pastoral poems at first.
1839 was expelled from Louis the Great Middle School. Pass the high school graduation exam
1840 Enter Leivick Bay Boarding School. Started fooling around and fell out with my stepfather.
184 1 year, he was forced to travel, leaving bordeaux for Calcutta.
1842 returned to Paris to inherit his father's inheritance. Moved to St. Louis and started dating St. Boff, Gaudi, Hugo and actress Jenny Duval. He wrote more than twenty poems in Flowers of Evil.
1843 economic difficulties. Smoking marijuana. Many poems in Flowers of Evil were written at this time.
1844 being appointed guardian to manage his property is extravagant.
1845 Two attempted suicides. Published Salon in 1845. Started translating Poe's works.
Salon published on 1846.
1847, I met Mary Dubren and published the novel La Fanfaro.
1848 Join a revolutionary group. Edgar allan poe's Translation of The Enlightenment of Magnetism
Disappointed with the revolution, 1849 hid in Dijon for several months.
185 1 published Wine and Indian Cannabis, and published eleven poems with the general theme of hades, which were later included in Flowers of Evil. Accuse the foggy month coup and give up all political activities.
The life and works of Poe are published in 1852. Send a poem to Mrs. Sabatier for the first time
1855 published 18 poem entitled "Flowers of Evil" in Two Worlds Review.
1857 The first edition of Flowers of Evil triggered a lawsuit. Sever diplomatic relations with Sabatier
1858 I went back to my parents' home and had financial difficulties.
The salon of 1859 was published on 1859, and the spirit became more and more uneasy.
1860 released "artificial paradise"
186 1 attempted suicide again. The flower of evil reprinted. Nominated as a candidate for the French Academy of Sciences. Write "naked heart"
1862 withdrew from the candidate and was in poor health.
1863 "Little Prose Poetry" First Edition
1864, five new prose poems were published with the theme of "melancholy in Paris". Go to Belgium. The plan to make money by publishing fell through. Write "Belgian satire"
1865 wrote naked heart. Write "Poor Belgium". I got worse and returned to Paris.
1866 published a collection of prose poems, Wandering Things. I suddenly fell down while visiting St. Lu's church in Belgium. Aphasia, hemiplegia, sent to a nursing home.
1867 is dead. Flowers of Evil, Third Edition