At the end of the year, as usual, there are many New Year cards flying around, like migratory birds.
Birds flying to me, covered with colorful feathers, made countless wishes; The bird that flew away from my hand is a small feather, and the words in it are simple and the same. It says-
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
My bird is too simple, neither rich nor modern.
I let it fly to you like this, I hope you understand this sincerity.
I thought for a long time, what color should I paint that white feather?
So many friends, different relatives, different expectations and understandings, what should I write?
I hate that kind of indiscriminate and passionate sentences, which are false and disgusting. I don't want to paint my birds colorful and bizarre with the roles of orientals and westerners.
Facing the white bird waiting to take off, I frowned slightly.
As if a cool breeze was blowing on my face, a distant poem came to my mind.
I smiled, that's all. So I put this faint wet ink on every feather.
I can't help but think of your familiar faces, our dull or unfamiliar meeting in the lonely world of mortals, how to exchange the first smile, stare at each other at the first moment, and then leave deep and shallow traces on the drawing paper of each other's lives.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. This is the picture I yearn for, the music I am obsessed with, and I will give it to you. Will you understand?
Here you go, smart and unstable girl. There can't be too much ecstasy and sadness in life. Romance that can't be found here is still a mirage elsewhere and far away. Wandering is very tiring, and you have thrown a lot of golden times for it. Do you really want to spend all your youth on a gamble? Why not go back to the original simplicity? Everything, let nature take its course, like a bright moon shining on a pine tree, like a clear spring trickling down on a stone, isn't it?
For you, this poem is a quiet and indifferent attitude towards life. Do you like it?
Here you are, my friend who works day and night. We should know each other well, but maybe we are too familiar, but we can't really communicate. A willow and a Metasequoia, no matter how close they are planted, cannot understand each other. But we are not plants. Why are we like this? I really want you to understand: I have no intention of competing with others, and I don't want to be the highlight of a certain aperture. I just want my mind to grow freely in my own wall and bloom in the wind. But I can't explain it, because it might underestimate you.
For you, this poem is a tacit understanding that needs no defense and no bad feelings. Will you cherish it?
Here you are, a special boy. In all relationships, you can't be satisfied with one role, but when the curtain falls, you will feel lonely. You frequently approach attractive women and always tell yourself that you really can't give anything. This game of temptation and resistance, you regard it as a cup of coffee, first boil it, then wait for its liquid to be cold and bitter, then add sugar, and then sip it neither too hot nor too cold, bitter and sweet.
For you, this poem is a single, clean and dust-free human feeling. Can you understand?
Honey, you finally made it. I sent this poem directly, without even using wings. I think you know how much I want to get out of this Millennium dream, find a tree root as a pillow, sleep quietly by the grass, let the spring water flow around me, and pine needles pile up on me. At this time, my heart is only quiet and gentle, and I don't know what is trouble and what is complicated. Even your and my names are blurred, like clouds, fog, smoke and haze, floating in the mountains.
What is this poem to you? I forgot everything. It's completely natural. Is this Zen? Is that all?
I only know that there is such a place above the world of mortals, which is peaceful, pure, quiet, meaningful and eternal.
So I smeared this fuzzy and moist ink on the white: moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream.
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Appreciation of moonlight in lotus pond
Kuang Shuangxi
Zhu Ziqing is another outstanding essayist after Bing Xin and others. He made great contributions to the development of vernacular Chinese and played an extremely important role in the history of new literature. First of all, he completely broke the superstition that the retro school thought that vernacular could not be beautiful; Secondly, based on China's classical literature and the cultural exchange between China and the West, he created a prose system and style with China's national characteristics. His prose has high artistic value and is a model of vernacular Chinese, which provides valuable artistic experience for later prose creation.
Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is a masterpiece handed down by Zhu Ziqing. It has been selected into various versions of the textbook "Chinese for Middle School", which has been deeply loved by teachers and students, and is also a masterpiece of American literature loved by most people in China. In this article, I try to appreciate this classic prose.
I. Introduction to the author
Zhu Ziqing (1898— 1948), formerly known as Huazi, was named Qiushi. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 1898 Donghai, Jiangsu. 1903 lives in Yangzhou with my family, so I call myself "I am from Yangzhou". 19 16 After graduating from high school, he was admitted to the preparatory class in Peking University, and was renamed "Ziqing" the following year, and was admitted to the undergraduate philosophy department. After graduation, I taught in middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
In college, Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems. 1923 published the long poem "Destruction", which shocked the poetry circle at that time. 1929 published the poetry collection Trace, and 1925 became a professor of Tsinghua University. His writing turned to prose and began to study classical literature. 1928 published the prose collection "Back" and became a famous prose writer.
1948 died in Beijing in August. He is a poet, essayist, scholar, democratic fighter and patriotic intellectual. Mao Zedong called him "the hero of our nation".
Second, the background of moonlight writing in the lotus pond.
Moonlight over the Lotus Pond was written in July 1927, and originally published in Novel Monthly 18, No.7 10.
1April 927 12, Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution in Shanghai. In three days, more than 300 people were killed, more than 500 people were arrested and more than 3,000 people were missing. Overnight, white terror enveloped the whole country. When the news reached Beijing, Zhu Ziqing was shocked. He has been fidgeting for days, full of pain, indignation and hesitation.
Zhu Ziqing was baptized by the May 4th Movement and witnessed the "Three". The whole process of the "18th" tragedy (he took part in the petition March that day). Although he is a petty-bourgeois intellectual, he has a sense of justice and patriotism. At the height of the Great Revolution, he was very excited, always paying attention to the revolution in the south, and longing for the unification of China and the realization of democracy.
However, it is undeniable that Zhu Ziqing changed his ideological and political stance in his later years and believed in the Kuomintang in his early years. He once wrote in his diary: "When Chen Jun visited and talked about state affairs, his thoughts were very left. I told him frankly that my position was the same as that of the government." The government in the diary is the Kuomintang government. Zhu Ziqing has gone through a bumpy road from a petty-bourgeois intellectual to a famous poet, writer and scholar who "shows our national heroism".
Four. The coup was a great blow to him. He wrote in his letter: "There seems to be something strange these days, like a boat in the boundless sea and a hunter in the boundless forest. It takes a lot of effort to walk and talk; It's not satisfactory yet. My heart is a mess, or it can be said that it is a fire. It seems to be trying to understand something, but it seems to have nothing. " (Excerpted from Zhu Ziqing1September, 927) "Only by participating in the revolution and counter-revolution can this panic be solved. When you can't or don't want to take part in this practical action, there is only one way to escape for a while. ..... I can't take part in revolution and counter-revolution, so I must find a foundation for a peaceful life. I want to find something, throw myself into it and kill my life. Finally found a topic in Chinese studies and began to look like a toddler. This is a "dead end"; But I am willing to go this way, there is no way. " (Where did Zhu Ziqing go1February, 923)
Zhu Ziqing was very disgusted with the "counter-revolution" of the Kuomintang, suspicious of the "revolution" of the * * * production party, and fell into a state of panic. His "hiding in academic research" and hiding in nature is not only a "refuge", but also a way to maintain the relative independence of intellectuals and keep a distance from politics.
Moonlight on the Lotus Pond was born in this mood.
Third, the structural framework.
There are two clues in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, one is the author's mood changes before and after enjoying the moonlight on the Lotus Pond, and the other is the author's whereabouts. There are 8 natural paragraphs in this paper, and each natural paragraph has its own independence. These paragraphs read as follows:
Paragraph 1: time, place and reason for single-person swimming in the lotus pond.
The second path leads to the lotus pond, trees and moonlight.
The feeling of walking on the path in the third paragraph.
The fourth paragraph: the beautiful scenery of the lotus pond.
Section 5 Moonlight in the pond.
The scenery around the lotus pond in the sixth paragraph.
The seventh paragraph associates the old custom of picking lotus.
Paragraph 8 Go home
From the perspective of landscape writing, paragraphs 2-6 are obviously the main content of the article and should be classified as one part. 1 is an introduction and should be independent. Paragraphs 7-8 are written by reality and imagined by the old customs in the Middle Ages. The whole article ends with a sharp turn (going home).
This analysis should be divided into three parts:
The first part (1 paragraph) writes "the origin of lotus viewing" (emotion)
The second part (paragraphs 2-6) is about "moonlight on the lotus pond" (scenery)
The third part (paragraphs 7-8) describes "people in the scene" (feelings).
The structure of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is round, and so are the external and internal structures. From the external structure, this work depicts a summer night trip from the author to the lotus pond and back according to spatial order. From the perspective of internal structure, emotional thoughts are never static, and they are round when they are quiet and quiet. The consistency of internal and external structure just meets the author's need to show a psychological course.
The full text echoes from beginning to end. There are three mutual references at the beginning and end of the article. First, the opening sentence "I feel quite uneasy these days" is the text of the full text, but it is also a suspense. The sentence at the end of the article answers this suspense: "This makes me miss Jiangnan after all." Second, at the beginning, "My wife is patting the leap in the room and vaguely humming a sleeping song" echoes the end, "My wife has been sleeping for a long time". Third, at the beginning, "I put on my clothes quietly and went out with the door", and at the end, "I pushed the door gently and came in". These two echoes are very close. "Quietly" and "gently" indicate that my mood has not changed much. The three echoes of the beginning and the end make the article seamless and organic.
Fourth, the moonlight is fragrant and poetic.
The full text is like a meticulous painting, which depicts a picture of the lotus pond moonlight for us. Let me take the fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs as examples to see how the author uses color and ink to lay out the text.
The author first focuses on the lotus pond, first on the lotus leaves in the field, then on the lotus flowers and buds in the green leaves, and the fragrance of flowers blown by the breeze. This is a still picture. Then he caught the breeze fluttering, "like lightning, it passed through the lotus pond in an instant." The leaves are close side by side, so there are obvious wave marks. "This is a moving picture. The combination of dynamic and static vividly conveys the vitality and charm of the lotus pond. In this passage, the author didn't mention moonlight, but whether it's a still picture or a dynamic scene, there is faint moonlight everywhere, which is integrated into the author's specific description after the author's observation. The shapes of leaves and flowers, as well as the bright ripples brought by the breeze, are all formed under the faint moonlight mapping.
Next, focus on the moonlight. Write the scene of moonlight pouring on flowers and leaves like running water first. "Thin blue fog is floating in the lotus pond", which is a true text. And "leaves and flowers seem to have been washed in milk; It seems that there is yarn in the dream, but it is empty, but it shows the gesture of lotus wandering in the hazy moonlight. Write fascinating artistic conception with emptiness and reality. It is monotonous to write moonlight alone, so I try to imitate the projection of the moon, including the "shadows" of "jagged" and "mottled" shrubs, as well as the "sparse and beautiful shadows of curved willows". These "shadows" are like "painted on lotus leaves", connecting the trees on the shore with the lotus flowers in the pond to form a beautiful and complicated pattern, so the lotus pond is more charming against it. What is written here is moonlight, but I don't forget the lotus pond everywhere. The "thin blue fog" formed by moonlight quietly pouring on the flowers and leaves like running water is the hazy scene formed by moonlight and fog, leaf color and water vapor in the lotus pond. Finally, it was written all around the lotus pond and condensed in the willow tree. Write the tree scene under the moon, because the distance is full of willows, surrounded by a lotus pond, only a few gaps, leaking into the moonlight, so "the color of the tree is cloudy, at first glance, like a cloud of smoke", and the "elegant demeanour" of willows is revealed in this misty fog. The ink here is thicker. Then, write about the distant mountains in the treetops, the lights in the cracks in the trees, the cicadas on the trees and the frog drums in the water under the trees. This is just random staining. Dark and light alternate with each other, outlining the moonlight amorous feelings of the whole lotus pond.
The author writes that moonlight is the moonlight of the lotus pond, and the lotus pond is the lotus pond under moonlight. There are multiple levels on the level, which makes the whole picture stereoscopic and penetrating. Among them, motion, reality, shadow and mystery are the arrangement of painting and poetry, which not only makes the color of the picture uniform and pleasing to the eye, but also reveals a charm and a strong poetry.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) artistic skills
Moonlight on the Lotus Pond successfully uses a variety of artistic techniques. There is an image metaphor that the lotus leaf coming out of the water is "like a graceful dance skirt", with buds, like "pearls" and "stars in the blue sky", which is not only appropriate but also vivid; In sharp contrast, the sparse "beautiful image" of curved willows is more and more light and beautiful against the "dark shadow" of "steep as ghosts" shrubs; There is a strong contrast, with "listless" lights to set off the brightness of the moonlight, with cicadas and frog drums to set off the surrounding silence; There are vivid anthropomorphic and elegant blooming lotus flowers, like a "beauty who just came out of the bath", which makes the white crane on the water very beautiful. But what is even more admirable is that because of the author's profound understanding of the object of description, he broke through the general experience and produced a strange and novel technique, such as "the breeze blowing, with a faint fragrance, like a faint song on a distant building." The fragrance of flowers originally appealed to the sense of smell, but the author wrote it into a beautiful song, giving people a sense of smell and hearing. Another example is "light and shadow have a harmonious melody, such as a famous song played in the Vatican". The flowing light waves are silent and described as beautiful music, which gives people visual and auditory enjoyment. In principle, fragrance, light, shadow, singing and piano sound have nothing in common, but the author uses the common artistic technique of "synaesthesia" in classical poetry to transform the images of smell and vision into auditory images, imitate the intermittent and seemingly nonexistent forms of fragrance and light, and make the indescribable feelings concrete through another sensible image. This superb artistic technique is rare in modern prose creation.
The detailed description of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond comes from the writer's careful observation and careful taste of objective images. The description of cicada singing alone is enough to explain the problem. Because some readers objected that there should be no cicadas singing on a moonlit night, Zhu Ziqing consulted many people on this issue, and finally personally observed that "there are two cicadas on a moonlit night" before giving up the idea of revision. (About Cicada under the Moon). The whole work Moonlight over the Lotus Pond embodies the creative spirit of the author in sizing up the situation. He not only thought about the lotus pond as a whole, but also made a partial examination. He sometimes takes the lotus pond as the main scene, moonlight as the background, moonlight as the main scene, lotus pond as the background, sometimes imitates flowers and leaves, sometimes depicts shore willows, sometimes lightly hooks clouds and sometimes sketches trees, and then spreads it out layer by layer, step by step, showing the beauty of lotus pond moonlight delicately.
The artistic achievement of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is not only unique in description skills, but also unique in language. The greatest feature of Zhu Ziqing's language is natural novelty, just as he advocated "being new without losing nature". He often successfully uses "non-Europeanized spoken language" (preface to you and me) to draw his mood and express his feelings, such as "I quietly put on a big shirt and took it out" and "the road was gloomy and a little scary". Beautiful artistic realm is achieved through high-quality language, so all excellent writers attach importance to language training. Zhu Ziqing pays great attention to the accuracy and appropriateness of words, such as "moonlight is like running water, quietly pouring on this leaf and flower." Thin blue mist floats in the lotus pond. The words "diarrhea" and "floating" bring the moonlight and fog to life. For example, when the breeze passes, "the leaves and flowers are shaking" and "the leaves are close side by side, so there are clear wave marks"; There are distant mountains on the treetops, and one or two lights leak from the cracks in the trees: a trace, a line, a face and one or two points, all of which are quantifiers used as adjectives, which have played a role in enriching, polishing and strengthening the image, as well as rendering and strengthening poetry and painting.
In Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, the author also uses many overlapping words to deepen the image sense of the state of things, such as "Tian Tian" to describe the density of lotus leaves, "hierarchy" to indicate its depth, and "twists and turns" to indicate the width of the lotus pond. Another example is that "lush" is the overlap of the two-syllable word "lush", which not only indicates that there are many trees, but also strengthens the atmosphere at night; "Far and near" is a combination of far and near, describing the dense trees around the lotus pond. There are many such examples, which can be seen everywhere. These various forms of reduplicated words are not only rich in artistic expression, but also distinctive in rhythm, harmonious in rhythm and full of musical beauty. In a word, the language art of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond has really reached the position of fluency, pleasing to the ear and pleasing to the eye pursued by the author.