For ten years, Jing Zhao was a scholar. He loved books more than fame. A meal of cream is not thin, and it is ashamed of the hearts of thousands of people.
Keep its white, distinguish its black, be as clean as jade and as firm as iron, and be a Marxist-Leninist.
* * * Party cadres are all public servants of the people. They can only serve the people honestly and have no right to oppress them! People's difficulties are our difficulties, and people's suffering is our suffering.
Tian Jiaying
[Introduction to Tian Jiaying]
Tian Jiaying, formerly known as Zeng Zhengchang, was born in Chengdu, Sichuan (ancestral home in Yongfu Township, Shuangliu County). 1930 entered Beicheng Primary School in Chengdu Province.
1933 was admitted to Chengdu Nanxun Middle School.
1934, after her mother died, she dropped out of school and became an apprentice in a home pharmacy. She began to try to write articles for newspapers such as Huaxi Daily under the pseudonym of Tian Jiaying.
1935 published novels, essays, book reviews, essays and poems in newspaper supplements.
1936 was admitted to Chengdu county middle school with the first place. /kloc-in the winter of 0/936, he joined the anti-Japanese and national salvation group "Haiyan Club" led by Zhong * *.
1937 was expelled from the school for actively participating in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities, and went to Yan' an with the help of the underground party to study in Yan' an "Northern Shaanxi Public School".
1February, 938, he joined the China * * * Production Party, and after graduation, he stayed in school as Party branch secretary, modern history teacher of China, and education officer of the Propaganda Department.
From 65438 to 0939, he continued to study in Marxism-Leninism College. After graduation, he stayed in school and served as a researcher in China Research Office, an officer in the Department of Education, and a teacher of modern history in China.
194 1, enter the Central Political Research Office.
1943 to the Propaganda Department of the CPC History Group.
1946 was chosen as Mao's teacher.
1947 land reform movement in northwest Shanxi.
1948 Since August, he has been the secretary of Mao Zedong. After 1949, he successively served as director of the secretarial office of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC, secretary of President the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, deputy director of the General Office of People's Republic of China (PRC), deputy director of the Political Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and deputy director of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC. Over the years, I have devoted all my energy to the editing, annotation and publication of Selected Works of Mao Zedong and other works of Mao Zedong, and also participated in the drafting of many important documents of the Party and the country. The opening speech of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was praised by Mao Zedong and the delegates. Mao Zedong often sends him to the countryside to investigate and study. In the investigation, he insisted on seeking truth from facts, reflected the shortcomings and mistakes in practical work to the CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong, and put forward suggestions for improvement. He insisted on the truth, and when sorting out a speech by Mao Zedong, he deleted the false words involving Peng and a passage praising Guan Feng and Qi Benyu.
1959 was called at the Lushan meeting. On the afternoon of May 22nd, 1966, Wang Li and others arrived at Zhongnanhai's residence and ordered them to stop and reflect, hand in all the documents and move out of Zhongnanhai. The next day he hanged himself.
[The Story of Tian Jiaying]
Be loyal to the people
The rural survey in the 1960s was an unusual survey in the history of our Party. /kloc-The Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune Movement, which began in 0/958, caused "five winds" in the vast rural areas (* * * production wind, exaggerated wind, forced command wind, blind command of production wind and special wind of cadres), which seriously damaged rural productivity and seriously dampened the enthusiasm of farmers. 1960 65438+February 24th to196165438+1October 8th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the Central Working Conference and the Ninth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, and Mao Zedong called for "vigorous investigation and study". He asked all provincial party committee secretaries, provincial party committee standing committee secretaries, prefectural party committee secretaries and county party committee secretaries to thoroughly investigate several communes and seek truth from facts for one year 196 1.
1October 20th, 196 1 65438+ Mao Zedong wrote to Tian Jiaying, asking him, Hu Qiaomu and Chen Boda to form three investigation teams, each with seven people, to go to Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangdong for investigation. Each investigation team is divided into two groups, one group investigates the worst production group, and the other group investigates the best production group. The time is 10 to 15 days. Following Chairman Mao's instructions, an investigation team led by Tian Jiaying was set up soon and left Beijing the next day. After arriving in Hangzhou on October 22nd, 65438+ year/KLOC-0, Tian Jiaying immediately conveyed a letter from Mao Zedong to the leaders of the provincial party committee. After discussion, it was decided that the province also sent people to participate in the investigation team, and the good production team in Fuyang and the poor production team in Jiashan were selected as the investigation objects, and Tian Jiaying led the investigation work in a unified way. These two groups acted quickly and arrived at two production teams on June 24, 65438.
Before the investigation team entered the village, Tian Jiaying asked all investigators to seek truth from facts. He said that there are two kinds of investigation and study, one is scientific attitude investigation and study, and the other is subjectivism investigation and study. We advocate scientific investigation and study, that is, to understand the real situation and reflect it truthfully; Subjective investigation and research is even more abominable than no investigation, because it is a fragment of extracted materials to prove one's point of view, or to cater to superiors and dare not tell the truth. In view of some concerns of grassroots cadres and some people at that time, he proposed to "open up our minds, break the ideological framework, and be brave and good at finding problems." He asked the comrades of the investigation team to eat and live with the masses in their daily lives, concentrate on the investigation work and not engage in formal labor; At the same time, the investigation team advocates "dare to think and speak" and "dare to raise questions and different opinions", but these opinions should be put forward to local leaders through organizations, and it is not allowed to talk nonsense and dictate to grassroots cadres so as not to interfere with local work. He paid great attention to building good relations with grassroots cadres, and stressed the need to patiently educate them, discuss with them, understand their difficulties, and not have any condescending attitude, so as to strengthen the unity between the investigation team and grassroots cadres. Under the correct guidance of Tian Jiaying, the work of the two investigation teams was very smooth.
Tian Jiaying first conducted a week-long investigation in Hehe production team of Tang Wei commune in Jiashan county, and then conducted the same investigation in five-star production team of Dongzhou commune in Fuyang county. After a period of work, I have basically found out the basic situation of these two teams, especially the serious harm caused by the "Five Winds". Hehe production team is located in the east of Hangjiahu Plain, with fertile land and convenient irrigation. It has always been a fertile land. In the first few years after liberation, the rural economy recovered and developed rapidly, providing a large amount of commodity grain for the country every year. 1958 During the Great Leap Forward, the above-mentioned high indicators were forcibly "exaggerated". This production team reported the yield of early rice per mu from 200 kg to 300 kg, 400 kg and 500 kg, and the paid-in amount was only 2 19.5 kg. 1959 When the "anti-Right Deviation" came, production quotas set it at 489.5 kg, and the paid-in amount was only 2 18 kg. 1960, the goal of grain production set at the pledging conference of commune cadres in party member was to ensure 900 kg and strive for 1200 kg, but actually only 145.5 kg was collected. Due to the high index, farmers' rations were poached. 196 1 in spring, each person only has half a catty of rice every day and can only eat three gruel meals; Some teams even ran out of food, resulting in starvation, illness, desertion and abnormal death. One night, the comrades of the investigation team smelled a smoke. "The countryside has become a canteen. Who is still cooking? Is there any surplus grain at home? " He followed the smell of smoke into several farmhouses. He opened the lid and saw that the pot was filled with Leymus chinensis, carrots and porridge from the canteen. Facts show that farmers here have no rice to cook. It is also known from the survey that in the past three years, the productivity here has been seriously damaged, a large number of pigs, cattle and sheep have died, agricultural tools have been damaged, the fertility of the land has declined, and the physical fitness of workers has become weak; The annual income of members is only 2 1.27 yuan. After a year of hard work, they became "upside down households". What are the causes of these serious problems? Many grassroots cadres can't explain clearly. When talking with the person in charge of Jiashan County Committee, Tian Jiaying pointed out: "From the perspective of Hehe production team, production losses are serious. Why is the output decreasing year by year? Complaining about others, no disaster, no difficulty, strange, ordinary people are good. " "We can't blame others, nor does it mean that the democratic revolution is incomplete. The root cause is the' five winds' problem. " Tian Jiaying hit the nail on the head of the rural problem at that time. In fact, comrades who have worked at the grassroots level for a long time are not ignorant of this, just because they are afraid of opposing "Right Deviation" and "White Flag" and take it to heart. Tian Jiaying told the truth that they were afraid to tell. This is not only a scientific attitude of respecting facts and seeking truth from facts, but also a manifestation of his high responsibility for the cause of the party and the interests of the people.
After 10 days of investigation and study, I listened to the report in Hangzhou on February 6th, accompanied by Jiang Hua, Huo Shilian, Lin, Li and Xue Ju of Zhejiang Provincial Committee at that time. Tian Jiaying truthfully reported what he had seen and heard, seriously stated his opinions, and suggested that the Central Committee formulate a people's commune charter. Tian Jiaying's report shocked Mao Zedong. He immediately put forward many important opinions on correcting the "Five Winds", restitution, the scale and system of production teams, private plots, canteens and cadres, and adopted Tian Jiaying's suggestion, drafted the working regulations of people's communes, which were studied and formulated by the Central Working Conference held in Guangzhou in March.
After the Ninth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, a large number of leading comrades went deep into the grassroots and made great efforts to investigate and study. This not only promoted the change of cadres' work style, but also concentrated the wisdom of cadres and formulated a series of practical policies and measures. "Regulations on the Work of People's Communes" (referred to as "Article 60") is an important achievement of investigation and research. This is the biggest gain of the Guangzhou meeting.
Tian Jiaying's investigation in Zhejiang, from 196 1 year1October 23rd to May 5th, lasted 100 days. His contribution to the investigation, research and formulation of Article 60 has played an important role in correcting the mistakes in rural work since 1958 and reversing the situation in rural areas and even the whole national economy. Although "Article 60" still has many defects, and it has not broken through the commune system of unity of politics and society, one big and two small, its historical role should still be fully affirmed. Tian Jiaying played an important role.
In Beijing in June, Tian Jiaying showed us his hidden inkstone at home. There is an inscription on the inkstone: "Keep it white, distinguish it black, be as clean as jade, be as firm as iron, be a Marxist-Leninist, and be like this!" This inscription was drafted by himself and asked other comrades to write and carve stones for him. He also explained to us: "That's what * * * does in party member." We didn't quite understand it at that time. In retrospect, this inscription is a self-portrait of him, a confession of his mentality, a clear distinction between right and wrong, a clear distinction between love and hate, a noble character, a firm belief in * * *, and a portrayal of his character and style. Even today, 30 years later, his glorious image is still a righteous man who stays in the world.
(People's Daily correspondent Xue Ju and Lin, 1996.08.29)