Seven poems about the background of the poor:
Seven poems about the poor were written in the Jin Dynasty. The turn of Song and Yi Dynasties is the representative work of Tao Yuanming in his later years.
Seven themes to praise the poor:
By praising the poor in ancient times, these poems show the poet's feelings of being poor and keeping his ambition and not seeking fame and fortune.
Evaluate seven poems about the poor;
The significance of the Seven Musts in the history of poetry is remarkable. Judging from the poetic style, it is a combination of Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai" and Zuo Si's "Yong Shi". Is Zhong Rong a Tao poem? It comes from the response and also from the wind? From the viewpoint of Ode to the Poor, it can be seen that Jian 'an was spread from Jin to Song at the beginning. Looking back at the works, we can see that they are bold and unrestrained under the plain, just as Zhu said. But too bold, no one heard. ? ("Zhuzi Language" Volume 140). Therefore, this kind of poetry is the key to unlock the relationship between Tao poetry and Jian 'an style.
From the perspective of text organization, although the poems are not as good as Tao's, such as Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai" and Zuo Shi's "Yong Shi", all the poems are juxtaposed and are a combination of similar themes. The seven poems in Ode to the Poor are always divided, echoing from beginning to end and running through the context, pushing the form of poetry group to a new height, starting from pioneers such as Du Fu's Eight Poems in Autumn.
Appreciation of seven poor poems;
One or two songs are the outline of seven songs. The first one is noble and lonely, poor and retired. The second song tells about his poor, desolate and uneven arms, but with? Why comfort me, Gu Duo is such a saint? The following five poems are divided into five parts: the mystery of the poor in past dynasties, and the seventh poem is the end of the cloud? Who is poor? Echoing the end of the two songs, it expresses the ambition to avoid the wind, learn from the past and stick to the festival.
Ode to the poor
Tao Yuanming
one
Every family has its own problems, and it's lonely. When the warmth disappears in the air, when can you see the afterglow?
The morning light is shining in the fog and birds are flying. Delayed the return of Weixi from Lin 'ao.
Do what you can, will you be cold and hungry? There is no bosom friend, and there is nothing to be sad about.
Explanation of words:
(1) This poem symbolizes the poet's lonely situation and fate with a lonely cloud and a lonely bird, and shows the poet's noble interest in keeping his ambition.
(2) Wanjia: Everything is available. Family and category. Joe: Shit, shit. Lonely cloud: the symbol of noble and noble poor people, and the poet speaks for himself. 3 warmth (? I love): a hazy and unknown look. Afterglow: the brilliance left behind. (4) Morning glow opens night fog: Morning glow dispels night fog. Liu Yu and Song Jin. Birds flying together: refers to many people who are attached to the new Song regime. Stage: companionship.
(5) purlin (h? River): The wings of a bird mean a lonely bird. Metaphor for the poor means that the poet refers to himself. This poet is a metaphor for his unwillingness to be an official. Weixi's Return: He flew back before dark. Metaphor poet resigned and retired.
(6) Do what you can: Do your best according to your own abilities. Stick to the rules: stick to the rules, that is to say, the predecessors maintained a poor and humble way.
(7) if. Already: Forget it.
Translation:
Everything depends on it, and the lonely cloud floats alone.
When you faint and disappear into the air, when can you see the light?
The morning glow dispelled the night fog and the birds hurried away together.
Lonely Wu has been out of danger for a long time, and the sun has not set yet.
Do what you can and stick to the rules. How can you not be hungry and cold?
If there is no confidant, why should everything be sad?
Secondly,
The end of the year is sad, and the front porch is brown. The south garden is beautiful, and the dead leaves are full of the north garden.
There is no drainage in the pot and no smoke in the kitchen. Poetry and books are packed outside the table, and the days are not long.
Seclusion is not Chen's life. I'm afraid to see what I said. Why comfort me? Because there were so many sages in ancient times.
Explanation of words:
(1) This poem and the First Capital are the summaries of this group of poems. The former lamented loneliness, and there was no confidant in the world. This song prides itself on being poor and living in poverty, and seeks to comfort its spirit from ancient times.
(2) Sorrow: bleak and cold. Cloud: auxiliary words are meaningless. Hold brown (h? He): Wrapped in coarse cloth and short coat. Exposure (p? Shop): Drying. Xuan: A long corridor or small room with a windowsill.
(3) Nursery (P nursery): a garden where vegetables and fruits are planted, that is, a vegetable garden. Show: refers to vegetable seedlings. English: I'm full. 4 Li Wei (l? Force): refers to the remaining residual wine. Drain, a drop of liquid. (historical records? Funny biography):? Bring the wine, and when you get there, give it to Li Yu. ? Peep: Look.
(5) bang (z? Tired): The sun is setting in the west. Hey (Hu? Tiga): Idle. Research: learning.
(6) Chen E (? Hungry): trapped in the state of Chen. Look at the Analects? Wei Linggong): Confucius? In the old society, people were short of food and clothing, and they could not prosper if they were sick. The sword said, Even a gentleman is poor? ? Confucius said:? The gentleman is poor, and the villain is poor. ? E: hard and dangerous. Stealing: modesty refers to one's own opinion. Tao (y? N cloud): Angry and resentful.
(7) chest: heart. Xian: A saint refers to a poor man who lived in peace and happiness in ancient times.
Translation:
It's cold and bleak at the end of the year, wrapped in clothes to keep warm in front of the porch.
There are no edible vegetables left in the South Garden, and withered branches are everywhere in the North Garden.
There is not a drop of wine left in the pot, and there is no smoke in the stove.
Poetry and books are piled up around me, so I have no time to read them after lunch.
Kong Qiu and I were trapped in different situations, and I couldn't help complaining.
How to comfort my mood? Thanks to many ancient sages.
third
Sister Rong always plays the piano with a rope. Native acceptance and refusal, clear singing, smooth business sound.
Zhong Hua has left me for a long time, and the poor are looking for each other. The disadvantage is that the elbow is not covered, and quinoa soup is often lacking.
If you are not appreciated, don't forget to attack Qingmao. Giving can also be perceived, but not my heart.
Explanation of words:
(1) This poem eulogizes the glorious period of the ancient poor and Yuan Zhen's poverty, and shows the noble quality of the poet who is content with poverty and does not admire wealth.
(2) Zuo Rong: refers to Rong Qi and the hermit in the Spring and Autumn Period. Sue, the name of the old man. Old: old. Belt rope: rope is used as a clothing belt.
(3) Primitive: refers to Yuan Xian, who thinks in words. A disciple of Confucius. Yuan Xian is quiet and sober, poor and happy. "Biography of Han Poetry" contains: When Yuan Xian lived in Lu, Zi Gong went to see him once. When he came out to meet him, he was wearing rags and cracked shoes. Shake your chin and you'll see, and you'll fall when you take your shoes. . Zi Gong asked him why? Yuan Xian replied: Poor health is not a disease. The concealment of benevolence and righteousness, the festival of chariots and horses, the constitution can't bear to do it. Laugh at Zigong's gorgeous decoration of horses and chariots. Zi Gong was ashamed and left without saying goodbye. Xian is Xu Bu dragging his staff and singing praise for Shang's return. Sound falls to heaven and earth, like a stone? . A: Put it on. Donkey: A whore. Qing Song: A fresh and clear song. Shang Yin: The title of the song refers to Ode to Shang sung by Yuan Zhen. (
4) Zhong Hua: Yu Shunming. According to legend, in the Yao and Shun era, saints ruled the world, the world was peaceful, and there were no poor people. Zhuangzi? Autumn water):? When Yao Shun and the world are infinite. ? Go: Leave. Looking for each other: one by one, constantly.
(5) Disadvantages: rags. Lap: The front of the coat means clothes. Li (l? Li) soup: potherb soup. Chenopodium album: plant name. Panicum miliaceum, also known as? Grey vegetables? Young leaves are edible. Inverted (zhēn needle):? Hey? The borrowed words of (sān umbrella) are rice and soup. (Mozi? Non-Confucian):? Between Cai and Chen are the poor. ? "Lu Lan" cited? Pour? . Say:? Take rice and soup. Ancient prose is a reference. ?
(6) Attack: Putting clothes on clothes means putting them on, putting them on. Light fur: A light and warm fur coat. Ill-gotten wealth: improper acquisition. The Analects of Confucius? Say, and ":? Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. ?
(7) giving: that is, zi gong. The surname Duanmu, the name given, the word Zigong. A disciple of Confucius. Acts 3: In vain, only. Eloquence: Good at eloquence. Historical records? Zhong Ni disciple biography:? Zi Gong was eloquent, but Confucius often argued according to reason. ? The Analects of Confucius? Zi Han recorded Zi Gong's words to persuade Confucius to be an official. Sri Lanka has beautiful jade, but it is hidden in it? Seek goodness and purity? ? Confucius said:? Sell it! Sell it! I treat Jia Zhe also. ? This means that Zi Gong said: Suppose there is a beautiful jade here, should it be hidden in the coffin? Or find a businessman who knows the goods to sell? Confucius said: sell, sell! I'm waiting for someone who knows the goods. ? Eloquence? When it comes to this. But I can't see my heart: it means that my determination to live in seclusion can't be persuaded.
Translation:
Rong dragged the old rope as a belt and still played the piano happily.
The shoes at Zisi's feet are spread out, and the businessmen are singing happily.
Yu Shun is far away from me, and there are often poor people in the world.
Clothes are tattered and uncovered, and there is no rice in the potherb soup.
Who doesn't want to wear warm fur? I don't envy myself for being wrong.
Zi Gong talks in vain, and no one understands my wishes.
Fourth.
Qian Lou has been a humble man since ancient times. I am not proud of being a good knight, and my kindness has not been rewarded.
Once life is over, rotten clothes are still bad. Don't you know its extreme? It's not alarmist.
A thousand years have passed, and I have never seen you again. North Korea was born with righteousness and died without regret.
Explanation of words:
(1) This poem praises Qian Lou, a poor man in ancient times, in order to show the poet's moral integrity of keeping the right path.
(2) Qian Lou: a hermit of Qi during the Warring States Period. The monarchs of Qi and Lu invited him to be an official, but he always refused. The family was poor, and when he died, he was naked. His wife looks like him? Happiness and poverty? . See Liu Xiang's Biography of Daughter and Huangfu Mi's Biography of Gao Shi. (3) Haojue: refers to senior officials. Don't care: don't care about your heart. Thick food (Hu? Shame): A generous gift.
Unpaid: Ignore not accepting. Pay, handle. (Biography of Gao Shi) said: Qian Lou? Among the officials who are self-cultivation and cleanliness, they heard about their talents and sent envoys to give gifts, giving him 3,000 points. He thought that he was a relative, but he didn't accept it. The king of Qi paid tribute to him and hired him as his wife with 100 Jin of gold, but he didn't. ?
(4) Poor clothes: rags can't cover your body. Woman biography? Biography of Qian Lou's wife: The death of Qian Lou? Ceng Zi and his master went to hang it. Ceng Zi hanged his wife when she ran away from home. When I went to class, I saw Mr. Wang's body under the table, with a pillow and a mat, and the robe was not displayed. Covered with a cloth quilt, the hands and feet are endless, the head is enough, and the feet are enough to see. ?
(5) Extreme: extreme poverty. Worry-free: Things that have nothing to do with Tao are not worth worrying about. Translate this sentence into the Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong? Is a gentleman worried about Tao but not poor? Don't worry about poverty.
(6) Never: From then on, it meant after Qian Lou's death. Answer: Again. Si Wei (ch? U sad): This kind of character. Listen, class.
(7) These two sentences are the Analects of Confucius. Liren? Wen Chaodao, will you die at night? It means that the determination to keep the road poor will never die.
Translation:
Since ancient times, Qian Lou has been an example to those who are content with poverty and persist.
His heart does not love high positions, nor does it envy rich gifts.
Once you die, rags can't cover your whole body.
How can you not know that you are extremely poor? Nothing to do with Tao, no worries.
After that, there were no more noble people in the world for nearly a thousand years.
You can make peace with ephemerality without regret.
Fifth.
Yuan An is trapped in the snow and can't do it. Ruan Gong saw Qian Jin and abandoned his official position today.
There is room temperature in the village, and it is all food. Actually, it's not difficult. What you're afraid of is not hunger and cold.
The rich and the poor often fight, and the Tao wins without shame. Zhide, Guanbang Road, Celebration Festival reflects Xiguan.
Explanation of words:
(1) This poem eulogizes the poor Yuan An and Ruan Gong, and praises the moral integrity of being honest and clean, being poor and keeping the road.
(2) Yuan An was born in the late Han Dynasty (now northwest of Shangshui County, Henan Province). The family is very poor. "Biography of the Sages in Runan", when Yuan Anke lived in Luoyang, it was worth the heavy snow. Luoyang murder case, everyone is snowing, there are beggars. There is no way to get to Yuan 'anmen. It is said that Ann is dead, which makes people get rid of the snow and see Ann lying stiff. Ask why not. An yue:? People are hungry in the heavy snow, which is not suitable for fucking people. ? Think of it as virtuous, and raise it as filial piety? . Nairan: the original meaning is distant, and what is described here is a peaceful modality. Do: beg.
(3) Ruan Gong: People are not fine. According to the meaning of this poem, Ruan is an official. He resigned the same day when someone bribed him.
(4) grasshoppers (ch? Gāo): hay for animals. Tong Tong? Hey? The stems of cereal plants. Temperature: refers to heating. The poor didn't sleep, but slept on hay to keep warm, so they said? Is there a room temperature? . Ju (j): the name of the plant. In ancient times, the Qi people were called Taro House (see Shuowen? Mibu). Now: the same? Rice? .
(5) Fear is not hunger and cold: it means fear is to change moral integrity.
(6) The rich and the poor are often at war: there is a struggle between poverty and the pursuit of wealth. Everything was wrong: Xia Zi said? I went to see the righteousness of the late king, and I went out to see wealth. Two people fight chest, so I (Q? Canal, thin); Seeing Wang Yi's victory today, I became fat. ? Tao wins: Moral victory means caring for the poor and enjoying Tao. Qi Yan: A sad face.
(7) Virtue: the noblest virtue. Guanbang Green: the hometown of famous crowns. State, country. Lu: In ancient times, twenty-five families were one Lu, referring to villages. This sentence evaluates Yuan An. Plot: the breeze is bright and clear. Reflect: shine, reflect Xiguan: the place name refers to Ruan Gong's hometown.
Translation:
Yuan Anqiong is poor in snow prevention and does not seek peace of mind.
When Ruan Gong saw someone bribing him, he abandoned his official position and went home that day.
Hay can be used as a bed to keep warm, and taro is enough for breakfast.
Is it too hard? Worry and betrayal are not hunger and cold.
The rich and the poor are always at war, and morality wins with a smile.
Yuan Ande is a model, and Ruan Gongcheng reflects Xiguan.
Sixth.
Zhong Wei likes to live a poor life. He lives in Artemisia grass around his house. However, after breaking up with friends, poetry is still quite capable;
There is only one Gong Liu who knows nothing. Is this scholar Hu Dulan? Reality and Korea are the same;
You are happy if you don't care about your career. The personnel are solid and clumsy, chatting.
Explanation of words:
(1) This poem praises Zhongwei Zhang, a hermit in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The poet and Zhongwei Zhang have roughly the same temperament, hobbies and ambitions, and they can be regarded as true bosom friends, so Yuan Ming is willing to take it as a model. Nice chat? .
(2) Zhong Wei: Zhongwei Zhang was born in Ping Ling (now northwest of Xianyang, Shaanxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Gao Shi legend him? Invisible, not official .. Good at writing, good at poetry. Often living in poverty, there is no one in Artemisia. Cultivate your sexual ability behind closed doors, and you will not get honor. When people don't know, only Gong Liu knows? .
(3) Sudden: the appearance of concealment. Break away from friends: cut off from the world. Worker: Good.
(4) Gong Liu: Meng Gong, nephew of Liu Xin, made friends with Zhong Wei. Stop: only, only.
⑤ This scholar refers to Zhongwei Zhang. H: why, why. Unique: loneliness is so unique. Rarely: Few people are the same.
(6) Introduction: Geng Jie, honest and frank. Yan: auxiliary words, or? However? . C: This refers to hobbies and ambitions. Happiness is not poverty: I am not sad or happy because of the misfortune of fate. Zhuangzi? Let the king: In ancient times, those who studied Taoism were happy when they were poor, happy when they were smooth, and happy when they were not poor. ?
(7) Personnel: refers to interpersonal communication in society. Solid: Originally. Stupid: stupid. This means that you can't please others. Chat: And. Accompanying: refers to following Zhang Zhongwei's life track. These two sentences refer to the poet himself.
Translation:
Zhong Wei likes to live a poor life alone, and the house is full of wild Artemisia.
Hidden traces are not in contact with the world, and poetry is fresh and delicate.
No one in the world knows him, only one friend, Gong Liu.
Why is this person often lonely? Because no one is with him.
I'm stupid for secular communication, so I'd better follow the eternal phase.
Seventh.
Yesterday, I was in Huang Zilian, playing the championship game with a famous state. Once you quit, it's a bit difficult to be poor again.
I long for my wife, and my tears flow to me. Although the husband is ambitious, he is worried about his children.
Sighed, embarrassed to give unexpected mo exceptional. What a pity it is that whoever is poor is difficult!
Explanation of words:
(1) This poem praises Huang Zilian, a poor peasant in ancient times, saying that he encouraged himself by changing his ambition of being poor and chaste and not worrying about his children.
② Huang Zilian: The History of the Three Kingdoms? The Biography of Huang Gai quoted Wu Shu as saying: Huang Gai was the reason why Nanyang was the satrap of Huang Zilian. ? Wang Yinglin's "Sleeping in Moon Hee" quoted "Custom Pass" as saying:? Clever Water Huang Zilian needs to invest money in water every time he drinks a horse, which is obvious. ? If they are the same Huang Zilian, they will know that they are Nanyang prefects and incorruptible. Spring crown: bounce the dust off the hat, which is a metaphor for preparing for the official position. Hanshu? Wang Jichuan:? Ji He is a friend, and the world says that Wang Yang was in office, and he played the crown together, saying that he also had the same choice. ? This means that Wang and Gong are friends, Wang Ji is an official, and he is also going to be an official. Zuo Mingzhou: It means working in a famous county. Left: Adjuvant therapy.
(3) Ellipsis: roughly. Here refers to ordinary people, ordinary people. Zhuo: Companion, same kind. It means comparison and union here.
(4) a good wife: a virtuous wife. Me: I call myself Huang Zilian.
(5) Husband: a gentleman with lofty ideals.
(6) Sun Hui: This person's name is unknown and should be regarded as the same person as Huang Zilian. H: meet, meet. Timm4nlick: Rich. Don't pay: ignore and don't accept.
(7) Miao: far. Qianxiu: the sages of the previous generation.
Translation:
Once upon a time, a Huang Zilian man went to a famous state to be an official.
Once you quit your job and go back to your hometown, no one can be as poor as you.
The good wife in the famine year was filled with emotion and wept for him.
Although ambitious people have backbone, they are also worried about their children.
Sun Hui was deeply saddened to see each other, and his generosity was clean.
Who says it's hard to be conservative? I miss the sages far away.
About the author:
Tao Yuanming (about 365 years? In 427), Ziliang, also known as Qian, was known as Mr. Keisuke, Han nationality, born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Poets and poets at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home. Since then, he has lived in seclusion. Pastoral life is the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems. Related works include Drinking, Returning to Garden, Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, and Returning to Xi Ci, etc. He is the founder of the pastoral school.
Tao Yuanming's poetry and prose has a unique artistic style and high attainments, which has opened up a new realm for classical poetry. The works are simple and natural, which affects the creation of Tang poetry out of true feelings.
Tang people are not shy about calling Tao Wei or Tao. Born around 365. He once served as Jiangzhou wine offering, Jianwei joining the army, Zhenjun joining the army, Pengze County Order, etc. He left his post after more than 80 days as the county magistrate of pengze county, and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China. There is Tao Yuanming's collection. Known as? Hermit through the ages? . Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He was an official of Fu, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the eight countries, and Jing and Jiang were the secretariat of Changsha. Grandfather Tao Mao and father Tao Yi are both governors. The father's name is not recorded in history, so it is doubtful. )
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