Birds are singing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of water towns.
There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.
2. Original text
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
3. Author's Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Extended information 1. Writing background
In the late Tang Dynasty, when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty tried to make a government fall apart, and the princes separated themselves, the eunuchs monopolized power, and the Niu and Li parties fought ... On the other hand, after Xian Zong came to power, he was obsessed with his political achievements and began his dream of immortality in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was so absorbed in Buddhism that Han Yu almost lost his life.
After Xianzong was killed by eunuchs, Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong and others preached Buddhism as usual, the number of monks and nuns kept rising, and the temple economy kept developing, which greatly weakened the strength of the government and increased the burden on the country.
When Du Mu came to Jiangnan (Jiangyin, Jiangsu) this year, he couldn't help thinking of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the Liang Dynasty. In the end, there was nothing. Not only did he not seek immortality, but he harmed the country and the people by mistake. It is not only a tribute and nostalgia for history, but also a gentle exhortation to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Wu Zong made peace and destroyed Buddha, which eased the contradiction to some extent. This poem was written against this background.
Second, appreciate
The first sentence, "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red", shows the natural scenery of Jiangnan from the beginning. "Thousands of miles" is a summary of the vast south of the Yangtze River. There are songbirds everywhere, and the boundless green leaves set off bright red flowers. This colorful and vibrant scenery is naturally unique to Jiangnan.
The second sentence, "Mountain Guo wine flag wind", describes the unique topography of Jiangnan. There are villages by the water and battlements by the mountain. In the spring breeze, the wine flag flutters gently. What a beautiful south of the Yangtze River!
One or two sentences are about sunny scenery, and three or four sentences are about rainy scenery. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." In the light rain in spring, it is another scenery. There are hundreds of Buddhist temples left over from the Southern Dynasties.
These magnificent Buddhist temples with heavy houses are shrouded in misty rain, looming and seemingly absent, adding a hazy and blurred color to the spring in the south of the Yangtze River. "480" is an imaginary number, not a real number, which highlights the number of Buddhist temples and satirizes the emperor's dependence on Buddhism. Among them, it should refer to the Wukong Temple existing in Qingyang Town, Jiangyin.
The whole poem outlines the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and depicts the beautiful and foggy spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with a highly generalized brushwork. Bright colors and meaningful feelings.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (803- 852) was born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Du Mu was an outstanding poet and essayist in Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Du You, the prime minister, and the son of Du You.
Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". Du Mu's poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and the main content is to chant history and express emotion. His poems are handsome and natural, and cut into secular things. He achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish it from Du Fu and "Da Du". Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin.
Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, Du Mu's ancient poems are good at integrating narrative, discussion and lyricism, with rigorous style and thin sentence patterns, such as poems about feeling the heart, Du Qiuniang's poems, Zhang's poems, Chizhou's poems about seeing off Meng Chizu and Chizhou's poems about stopping water, which are typical examples. Among them, prose narrative and discussion are common.
Du Mu's ancient poems were influenced by Han Yu. But sometimes he will use metaphor and image language to discuss, full of lyricism. Du Mu's ancient poems often have a different realm, simple and unpretentious, heroic and vigorous, such as "Chizhou bid farewell to Meng Chi's ancestors".
In the late Tang Dynasty, the style of poetry was modest and powerless, mostly metrical poems and quatrains. Few people can write long poems. Du Mu's ancient poems were also outstanding in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. His poems, together with excellent poems known as "handsome", constitute three main aspects of his poetry creation.
Du Mu's quatrains are equivalent to metrical poems, which have achieved great success and have always enjoyed a high reputation. Du Fu's characteristics can be summarized as "far rhyme and far spirit". He achieved the highest achievement among the seven wonders, with beautiful artistic conception, amazing comments and meaningful charm. Ode to the history of quatrains, amazing ideas and high historical knowledge. Du Mu's scenery is lyrical and poetic, with beautiful artistic conception and meaningful charm, which is beyond the seven wonders of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Du Mu is good at capturing the beautiful images of natural scenery, describing them with quatrains, subtle and refined, and blending scenes. In just four sentences, he wrote a complete and beautiful scene, just like a painting, such as Jiang Nanchun's quatrains.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Du Mu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jiangnan Chun