Liu Xie and Zhong Rong, theorists in Qi and Liang Dynasties, opposed this poetic style. Although they made great efforts, their progressive theory did not attract enough attention from the poets at that time. Therefore, this struggle needs further efforts of future generations.
The four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty made some initial innovations in poetry creation and theory, but it should be said that Chen Ziang consciously put forward a clear literary proposition.
1. Have a soft spot-Han Wei style
Zhu Xiuxu's Preface of Dong Zuoshi is a poetic program of Chen Ziang.
Dongfang Qiu is a good friend and served as a left-hand envoy during Wu Zetian's period. He once wrote an article "Ode to a Lonely Tung".
This article is a comment on Dong's Gu Tong Fu.
In this essay, he affirmed the progressive tradition of appealing to both refined and popular tastes in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and pointed out the disadvantages of "irrelevant writing" and "colorful contention" since the Jin and Song Dynasties.
The reason of making a fuss is corrupted: the Wei and Jin dynasties have disappeared, and the poems are mainly flowery and have no emotional sustenance, but they are literary and have no content.
Chen Ziang emphatically put forward two issues: "style" and "prosperity", trying to change the poetic style in the past 500 years spiritually. (Five hundred years refers to the period from the Western Jin Dynasty to Wu Zetian)
The so-called "strength of character" refers to the unity of healthy content and vivid and powerful language forms. The so-called "auspicious star" is the expression method of "supporting things to revive" and "expressing ambition with things" They are a fine tradition from 300 Poems to Zhengshi Poetry, and the writer tried to influence the poetry circle at that time.
In this article, it can be clearly seen that the author tends to inherit the style of Han and Wei Dynasties in Mo Chuan during the Jin and Song Dynasties, that is, "the voice of the beginning reappears here" and "Jian 'an writers smile at each other".
Zheng Shi period: Cao Fang, who was only ten years old, ascended the throne, and Cao Shuang and Sima Yi were assistant ministers. From then on, the power struggle between Cao Shi and Sima Yi began, and a large number of scribes were killed. In this fearful situation, people inevitably have the fear of disaster, so they begin to talk about metaphysics and reason and pursue Zhuangzi-style detachment.
2. Depression-Walking on thin ice
Some scribes, such as Ruan Ji, drink all day to avoid disaster. His poems are also "profound in meaning and profound in sustenance". He was too angry to speak frankly about national politics, but he expressed it in a subtle and euphemistic way, but his heart was very contradictory and painful. Such as its "Yong Huai" 33.
Ruan Ji
Day after day, day after day.
Change the color to normal and the spirit will disappear.
There is soup and fire in the chest, and the change is the same.
Everything is infinite, and seeking perfection despite difficulties is unforgiving.
But I'm afraid that in an instant, my soul will drift away with the wind.
I've been walking on thin ice all my life, but I'm worried
Showing its strong fear and depression.
3. Guangling Powder
There are also some people who dare to say and remonstrate. They are indomitable and maintain noble sentiments. For example, Ji Kang's masterpiece Breaking Up with Mountain Juyuan and his love for Guangling San are the manifestations of his cynical and unruly character, and his contempt for Si Mazhao led to his death, which is a clear example of this kind of integrity.
The sound at the beginning refers to this kind of works with delicate style.
Back to Chen Ziang.
His creation, whether it is Zhu Zhu or Feeling, has practiced this idea, influenced Zhang Jiuling and others at the same time, and raised the banner of poetry innovation higher in Li Bai and Du Fu.
Later, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen and others further launched the New Yuefu Movement, summed up and carried forward the tradition of progressive poetics in theory and practice, and pushed the poetry of the Tang Dynasty to greater prosperity.
Step 4 evaluate
Chen Ziang was a conscious advocate of the poetry innovation movement in the Tang Dynasty. The alignment between his theory and creation, as well as the bad poetic style since Liang Dynasty, have played the role of "suppressing decadence and malaise" and produced the influence of "the world is lonely and qualitative" (everyone pursues a semi-quality and gentle poetic style).
-For this reason, Lu Zang used the Preface to Chen Ziang.
Han Yu's "Recommended Teacher": "The country is rich and the people are strong, and the children begin to dance high." The state dynasty refers to the Tang Dynasty, that is to say, the prosperity of Tang poetry was due to Chen Ziang's initiative to raise the banner of poetry innovation.
Recently, a very popular song "Lonely Brave" describes the loneliness and courage of those who take the lead in making changes. At first, they were just a spark in the dark, and they succeeded after countless struggles and hardships.
..... love you walking alone in the dark alley.
I like the way you don't kneel.
Love you and face despair.
Refuse to cry ...
I think, whether it is the internal change of literature, the growth of individual broken walls or the renewal of social system, we need to endure loneliness, endure loneliness and go on bravely.
* * * Whatever!
References: Selected Literary Theories of Guo Shaoyu and China in Past Dynasties.