Author: □ Mo Zhihua
This paper makes an aesthetic analysis through the appreciation of The Book of Songs Gu Feng. Understand the beauty of artistic conception, literary image, contrast, prosperity and form in The Book of Songs. Guide college students to feel the beauty of poetry and cultivate their aesthetic ability.
Keywords: "The Book of Songs Gu Feng" appreciation aesthetic analysis
Literary works are works of art created according to the laws of beauty, which contain a dazzling world of beauty. Their unique ideas, colorful artistic images, comparative beauty and formal beauty all reflect great aesthetic value and provide rich aesthetic objects for college students. Literature appreciation is a kind of aesthetic pleasure and an important means of aesthetic education. The main task of college Chinese teaching is to guide college students to appreciate literary works and cultivate their aesthetic ability. Through the appreciation of The Book of Songs and Gu Feng, this paper makes an aesthetic analysis from the following aspects.
First, the beauty of conception.
The theme of "The Book of Songs" belongs to the poem of abandoning a wife, which is based on Zhu's biography of "The Book of Songs", Fang Yurun's original book of "The Book of Songs", "The Book of Songs" and "The Book of Songs". As a social problem, a husband abandons his wife because of the change of environment or because he has no experience. The poem describes the whole process from love, marriage, abuse to abandonment through the self-report of abandoned wife, and reflects the phenomenon that women in ancient society were oppressed and hurt on the issue of marriage and love. This poem is novel and original, consisting of six chapters and eight sentences in each chapter. The first chapter is about the heroine persuading her furious husband that "it is better to unite than to be angry", hoping that he will not give up on himself; The second chapter writes that the abandoned heroine looks back at her hard home and can't bear to leave. "The road is delayed and the center opposes it"; The third chapter is the heroine's excuse for being abandoned and her anger, as well as her grief that she can't protect herself. "Don't let me die, don't let me die"; The fourth chapter writes that the heroine recalls that she has been working hard to keep the house and love her neighbors in her husband's family after marriage, "I would love to die"; Chapters 5 and 6 recall the different attitudes of husbands towards themselves in the past and now, saying, "If I can't, I am the one who cares." . This poem is long in length, slow in pace, ups and downs, simple and clear in plot structure and unique in conception, but it is similar to other abandoned wives' poems in theme, reason and ending. There are too many similarities between the beauty of women, Meng and Du Fu. Both of them are "abandoned wives". Because of the political and economic inequality, it determines the inequality between men and women in marriage, so that men in the poem and men like him can play with and abuse women at will without punishment, and have the supreme right to abandon their wives and dissolve their engagement. Du Fu's Beauty hits the nail on the head: "All he can see is the smile of his new love, but he can't hear the cry of his old love." He can only express his mourning for his marriage in the most instinctive way of resistance. The tragic experience of the heroine's marriage in the poem can be said to be the epitome of Qian Qian's absolute oppression and destruction of female marriage in class society. The "destruction" of her love caused more sympathy or pity for her "destruction", especially the hatred of the old system and feudal ethics, and the profound reflection on the female tragedy caused by male domination. Mr. Lu Xun once said: tragedy is to "destroy the valuable things in life for people to see." Briefly and incisively pointed out the essence and aesthetic effect of tragedy. This poem is not a noble and heroic beauty, but a sad and sad beauty, so it has a broader reality. It can be said that the most valuable thing in Gu Feng's life in The Abandoned Wife is marriage, which will be destroyed by others. Although the ending is tragic, it has a unique conception and is the first poem of abandoning a wife.
Second, the beauty of literary image
Gu Feng created a distinct literary image, giving people artistic beauty. Literary image is not only the crystallization of the writer's creative image thinking, but also the starting point for readers to re-create aesthetics. The body present of the image of abandoned wife in Gu Feng;
The beauty of gentleness and kindness. Shown in her infatuation and singleness, hard work and so on. Although there are not many words in the poem to describe the process of her marriage with her husband, she is sincere and sincere to her husband, without any insincerity and hypocrisy, especially when her husband's family is poor, she and her husband worked hard to establish a poor but happy and loving family. She took on the hard work at home, raised children, sympathized with her husband, and was also very kind to people. "Life is worse than death", but he changed his mind a little. "Jing is turbid with water, and its turbidity is also". In the poem, Jing Yiqing is compared to Wei Qing. The water mirror is turbid, because compared with Weishui, if it stops flowing, it will be clear. There is no such thing as "picking flowers in the Philippines", which euphemistically advises her husband not to just look at color and morality, and stubbornly pester her husband, and it is difficult to give up the old feelings. When she learned that her husband was completely heartless and that his love had ended, she still didn't condemn him directly, but gently scolded him in a reproachful tone, with warmth in anger and fantasy in reproach. The heroine's tender feelings and infatuation are vividly portrayed, which vividly depicts the gentle and kind moving image of ancient working women.
The beauty of flexibility of will. When the heroine's love in Gu Feng is frustrated, even when her husband has introduced a new person and put her in unbearable humiliation, she urges her husband to change his mind. When she was abandoned and had to go back to her parents' home, she still hoped that her husband would come to see her off, even if it was to see her out of the door. "I am not far from Iraq, but I want to give her a gift." Most critics think she is weak, similar to Ah Q's grief and anger at her misfortune. The author thinks that when a person tries her best to fight for her due marriage rights, she is extremely forbearing, even grovelling, and tolerating things that ordinary people can't tolerate, from which I can see her extremely tough personality and tolerance scale. What ordinary people can't stand is that if they draw their swords and stand up and fight, they will not be a big deal after all; In Gu Feng, the heroine's forbearance is great and can even be measured by a great husband's forbearance. She took a gentle way of resistance, suddenly faced it, without surprise or unprovoked anger, but in the end she could not save the ungrateful husband's heart. To say the least, even if she tries to save the ungrateful husband's love far-fetched, it is also an intimate look, and such a love ending is doomed to be bitter. The heroine's forbearance is an alternative to her rebellious way, and her efforts for love are enough to set an example for future generations. Different from the woman in Self-protection, she took a more violent and stormy way of resistance, but she was soft and firm. She is a victim of marriage, and the beauty of plump image is gradually revealed in the tug-of-war of this marriage. As the saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. It was this failed marriage that made her thoroughly see her husband's face. With the breakdown of marriage, she achieved the beauty of the characters, outlined her distinct personality and embodied the tragic beauty. After being abandoned, she may be extremely poor in material and tortured in spirit, but her courage in the face of the destruction of marriage is commendable, especially her patience with human nature. Her spirit is immortal and her soul is immortal. Because she is just, praised and can arouse people's infinite feelings; Men are supporting roles, especially heartbreaking people, who are hated and condemned.
Third, the beauty of contrast and prosperity.
The aesthetic principles of "Fu, Bi and Xing" in The Book of Songs have influenced for two thousand years. Zhu: "If you compare, you can compare this thing with another thing." If you are excited, you will say something else first to arouse the words you are chanting. "The so-called Bi Xing in The Book of Songs and National Style is analogy. You can use concrete and vivid things to express abstract ideas and people's thoughts and feelings, making the ontology more vivid, or the essence more prominent. There are mainly four metaphors in the poem, which are not only appropriate, but also full of changes. " Pick the Philippines, pick the Philippines, don't have the following? "To make a metaphor, the husband only pays attention to the appearance and does not pay attention to the inside. The two plants "powder" and "flying" mainly eat roots that grow underground, and the "lower body" is a metaphor for people's inner quality, which is vividly outlined by her ex-husband who only pays attention to appearance but not quality. " Who says tea tastes bitter? It is more bitter to abandon your wife. Zhu said: "Although tea is bitter, it is more bitter than tea." (The Book of Songs, National Style) shows the great pain of the heroine after she was abandoned. Both sentences use metaphors, and the combination of images and things is vague and close. Only in the second metaphor, the simile of "sweet as water" is used again, and the same metaphor is used, with similarities and differences. The third sentence, "Yan Er is newly married, like a brother", is a simile, which vividly shows the intimate relationship between husband and newlyweds. The fourth sentence "Jing turbid and Wei turbid" is a metaphor for Jing turbid and Wei Qing, which means that a person's appearance is not necessarily ugly, but her husband and Jing Wei are indistinguishable. The above comparison, flexible but not rigid, endows poetry with aesthetic feeling, and expresses inner feelings incisively and vividly through external images. "Xing" means supporting things and promoting words. The technique of "xing" is often used at the beginning of a poem or a chapter, which can be a moral or symbol and can play a role in setting off the atmosphere or environment. The first two sentences of "Gu Feng" set off the sad tone of the whole poem with the technique of "learning, taking yin as rain", created a tragic artistic atmosphere by describing the bitter wind and rain, and set the tragic tone for the whole poem. Zhu thought that "learning" was "harmony and comfort", but thought that "learning" was not "harmony and comfort" as Zhu said, but "gale" (The Book of Songs). The author agrees with this point of view, predicting her husband's rage with strong wind, starting with xing, saying that something else "rains with yin" first caused her to "abandon her wife" In fact, "Bi" and "Xing" are often used together, and it is difficult to distinguish them absolutely. "Bixing" means "expressing, trusting and expressing feelings and thoughts (feelings and aspirations) through external objects and scenes. Only in this way can subjective emotion be combined with imagination and understanding, objectified and objectified, and an artistic image with equal emphasis on rational and unconscious intervention and full of emotion can be formed. So that the scene of foreign objects is no longer the thing itself, but infected with a layer of emotion; Emotion is no longer an individual's subjective emotion itself, but an objective image with certain understanding and imagination. " In this way, literary image is neither a simple copy of objective things, nor an arbitrary catharsis of personal feelings, nor a rational understanding covered by concepts. It is a literary image with emotional contagion, which gives people a sense of beauty.
Fourth, formal beauty.
The beauty of rhetoric. In contrast, the contrast between the characters in Gu Feng highlights the ruthlessness of the husband and the desolation of abandoning his wife. For a woman who has devoted herself to a better life, nothing is more distressing than the moment when the bride walks in and leaves home. Starting with comparison, the poem skillfully grasps the best opportunity to reflect this life tragedy. On the one hand, it is the warmth and intimacy of "being married as brothers", and on the other hand, it is the unfeeling and indifference of "coming to Iraq for a thousand miles to give me a gift", which forms a highly sharp contrast and highlights the incomparable sadness of the abandoned people. Through comparison, the contradiction between things is highlighted, so that beauty, ugliness, goodness and evil are more clear, people can identify them in comparison, and a strong love-hate relationship is aroused. Who is the bitter in tea in this poem? Its sweetness is a rhetorical question, a metaphor and an exaggeration. Huang Tingjian's writing of shepherd's purse is unique, and he vividly depicts the special environment of shepherd's purse family growth with a phrase "old shepherd's purse under the shadow of the wall". Xin Qiji's "peaches and plums are full of worries, and shepherd's purse comes to the head of the stream in spring" is simply a freehand brushwork of ink painting in spring; The best way to write shepherd's purse is "March 3rd, shepherd's purse opens peony" in the Invisibility Cloak by Mrs. Jiang Yang, Qian Zhongshu. It is really amazing to apply exaggerated rhetoric to the extreme. " The "wedding banquet" is repetitive, appearing many times in poetry and singing repeatedly, just to highlight the husband's feelings of liking the new and hating the old. The beauty of repeating chapters. This poem sings three sighs and recites repeatedly, with pleasant tone and sonorous nature. In the repeated narration and confession, the whole poem vividly shows the complex psychology of the abandoned wife who is addicted to the past and can't extricate herself, especially the mental trauma brought by the failed marriage. The phrase "banquet marriage" appears repeatedly in the works, highlighting her husband's treachery to show that it is unforgettable and unforgettable.
This poem is sad and euphemistic, complaining but not angry, which reflects that women have long been a vulnerable group in love life, without independent personality and status, acting as victims of a male-centered society, and still has a profound warning function today. Especially the intellectual women living in the new era care more about the happiness of their married life. And try to use the author's existing aesthetic experience to mobilize the fiery aesthetic feelings of college students, express and create them truly and aesthetically, and the aesthetic teaching purpose will be realized. (Mo Zhihua: Teacher, College of Science and Technology, Hunan University of Technology)
References:
[1] translated by Yu Han: The Book of Songs, Shanxi Ancient Books Publishing House, 1999.
[2] Li Zehou: The Course of Beauty, China Social Sciences Press, 1984.