1902: In the first month of the year, he was born in Hongsha Village, Jiangdong District, Chaoan County, Guangdong Province. His original name was Hong Lunxiu, with the courtesy name Zichang. His common pen names include Lin Manqing, Lin Yinnan, Li Tielang, etc.
1922: Admitted to Guangdong Normal University and participated in the student movement.
1925: After the Saji massacre, a lot of organizational and publicity work was done.
1926: Joined the Communist Party of China. In the same year, he was sent to the Kuomintang Central Committee as an officer in the Overseas Department and edited "Overseas Weekly".
1927: Wanted by the reactionary government, he went into exile in Hong Kong, Singapore and Siam (now Thailand). He arrived in Shanghai in the winter of the same year and began to write the novel "Exile", which was published by Shanghai Modern Book Company in April 1928.
1928: Joined the Sun Society. He also restored organizational relations and served as leader of the Party Group of the Third Street Branch of Zhabei District. In May, the literary group "Our Society" was established, and the novel "Frontline" was published by Xiaoshan Bookstore. In September of the same year, the novel "Transformation" was published by Shanghai Yadong Library.
1930: In March, the "Left-Left Alliance" was established. He was the founder and one of the seven standing committee members. Since the second half of that year, he has served as the Propaganda Department of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee and the Huxi District Committee. In addition to writing, he also translated and published Gorky's novel "My Childhood" (1930), Dostoevsky's "Notes from the Underground" (1931), and "The Gambler" (1933).
1933: Transferred to work in the Secretariat of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Peiping. On July 26, he was arrested for informing a traitor and was secretly escorted to Nanjing.
1934: Secretly killed by the reactionary Kuomintang authorities in Yuhuatai, Nanjing.
Hong Lingfei (1902-1934), formerly known as Hong Lunxiu, was a native of Chao'an, Guangdong. He studied at Guangdong Normal University and was engaged in student movements. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1924. During the cooperation with the Kuomintang, he worked in the Overseas Department of the Kuomintang. After the failure of the Great Revolution, he was forced to go into exile in Singapore and Siam (Thailand). Later, he returned to Shanghai to participate in revolutionary work and organized the literary group "We She" to publish the monthly "We". In 1930, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Left Federation. He was arrested while working in Peking in 1933 and brutally murdered the following year. There are novellas "Frontline", "Escape", "Change", "The Sea" and short story collections "Going Home" and "Strength Seller", etc. Most of his works take revolutionary struggle as the theme, expressing the thoughts, life and love of young intellectuals in the revolutionary movement.
Hong Lingfei (1902-1934), male, whose original name was Hong Lunxiu, also known as Shusen, and whose pen names were Hong Sufo, Li Tielang, Lin Manqing, Lin Yinnan, etc., was from Chao'an, Guangdong. Born in 1902. His father was a failed scholar who later transferred to study Chinese medicine. His family was poor. In 1911, Hong Lingfei entered a rural private school. There were only two or three small shabby rooms in his home, which were very noisy and crowded. He would often sneak to the roof to read. People in the village called him a nerd.
In 1918, Hong Lingfei was admitted to Jinshan Middle School in Chao'an County. In 1922, she was admitted to the English Department of Guangzhou Normal University and was Mr. Yu Dafu's favorite top student.
During the Great Revolution, Hong Lingfei began to participate in the student movement. Under the influence and help of Communist Party member Xu Suhun, Hong Lingfei joined the Communist Party of China in 1924. In 1926, after graduating from Guangdong Normal University, she worked in the Overseas Department of the Kuomintang and led the masses in the anti-imperialist struggle.
On April 15, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek created a counter-revolutionary incident in Guangzhou. Xiao Chunu, head of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, was arrested and killed on that day. Hong Lingfei was also wanted by the enemy and was forced to flee. To Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand and other places. During her several months overseas, Hong Lingfei lived on the streets during the day and lived in the corner of a mansion at night, experiencing hardships. However, Hong Lingfei was not intimidated by difficulties. He turned to revolutionary literary creation and still had firm confidence in the revolution. In July 1927, Hong Lingfei returned to China, came to Shanghai, restored the party's organizational relations, served as secretary of the Zhabei District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and established "We News" with Dai Pingwan, Du Guoxiang and others, and edited "We" Monthly. From the summer of 1927 to the spring of 1930, in just a few years, Hong Lingfei created 2 million words of works such as "Exile", "Frontline", "Transformation", "The Sea", and "Going Home", which made a mark in the history of modern Chinese literature. A glorious page has been written. On February 16, 1930, 12 well-known figures in the history of modern Chinese literature, including Hong Lingfei, Lu Xun, Feng Xuefeng, Xia Yan, and Rou Shi, gathered to prepare for the establishment of the Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance (referred to as the "Left-wing League"). On March 2, the "Left-Left Alliance" was formally established, and Hong Lingfei, Lu Xun, Tian Han, Xia Yan and other seven people were elected as standing committee members. Hong Lingfei was the youngest standing committee member. After the establishment of the "Left-Left Alliance", revolutionary culture flourished. In 1931, the Kuomintang launched severe cultural oppression and many books and publications were banned, including the monthly "We". Hong Lingfei was wanted again and was forced to go underground, publishing articles in various publications under various pseudonyms and continuing the struggle. After September 18, the National Anti-Imperialist Alliance was established, and Hong Lingfei served as secretary of the Communist Party of China. He held many night schools for workers, hosted them personally, and gave lectures in person. In contact with the workers, Hong Lingfei became more steady and calm, and transformed from a poet with revolutionary temperament to a true revolutionary.
In the spring of 1933, the party organization transferred Hong Lingfei to Peiping to serve as director of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the North.
On July 26, due to betrayal by a traitor, Hong Lingfei was arrested by Jiang Xiaoxian of the Third Military Police Regiment of the Kuomintang and was soon released to Nanjing. In the summer of 1934, he died heroically.
He was born into a poor peasant family in 1901 and began doing manual labor at the age of 6.
In 1919, the wave of the May 4th Movement swept across the country. Hong Lingfei, who was studying at Jinshan Middle School in Chaoan, Guangdong, was deeply influenced by new ideas and new culture, pursued freedom and liberation, and loved writing old-style poetry. , is an active figure in the school literary circle. In 1922, he was admitted to the National Guangdong Higher Normal School (later renamed Guangdong University) to study English, and later transferred to the Chinese Department. During this period, Hong Lingfei met Xu Suhun, a Communist Party member, which changed his thinking tremendously.
At that time, when British imperialism was causing the "Saiki Massacre" in Guangzhou, Hong Lingfei ran around to mobilize students to oppose the atrocities of imperialism that killed the Chinese people. Based on his long-term investigation, Xu Suhun introduced him to join the Communist Party of China in 1926. Hong Lingfei's article "Go to the Revolutionary Front" published in June of that year had already expressed her determination to fight for the revolutionary cause throughout her life.
In August 1926, Hong Lingfei graduated from Guangdong University. At that time, it was a period when Kuomintang cooperation was booming. He participated in the overseas work of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou and served as the editor of "Overseas Weekly". While engaged in revolutionary work, he wrote with the pen in his hand and created a large number of poems and prose.
On April 15, 1927, the right wing of the Kuomintang in Guangdong openly rebelled against the revolution, and white terror enveloped Guangzhou. The "Central Daily News" and the Guangzhou "Republic of China Daily" published a wanted order for the arrest of Hong Lingfei. He had to flee Guangzhou, first to Hong Kong, and then to Nanyang alone.
Hong Lingfei went to Singapore, Siam (now Thailand) and other places in Southeast Asia, worked as a coolie, and also lived on the streets, preparing to experience the bitter suffering of overseas wanderers.
In the winter of 1927, Hong Lingfei ended his exile life overseas, arrived in Shanghai, and returned to the embrace of the party organization. After Hong Lingfei restored the party's organizational relations, he immediately started a new struggle. At that time, the Chinese revolution was at a low ebb. In addition to serving as the party group leader of the Third Street of the Shanghai Zhabei District Committee of the Communist Party of China, he, Dai Pingwan, Lin Boxiu and others organized the revolutionary literary group "Our Society". He also met Jiang Guangci and Qian through his university teacher Yu Dafu. Xing Pi, Meng Chao and other members of the "Sun Society". It was during this period that the heyday of Hong Lingfei's literary creation began. From the winter of 1927 to the spring of 1930, he wrote nearly 2 million words of works, including "Escape", "Frontline", "Change", "Going Home", "The Seller of Strength", "Letter from Home", "The Sea", "Two Lost Love Stories" etc. As well as a large number of poems, essays, literary reviews, and translations. These are all precious treasures in the history of modern Chinese literature.
Another outstanding contribution of Hong Lingfei in the history of modern Chinese literature is his efforts to develop and strengthen the left-wing cultural movement.
In the autumn of 1929, the party instructed the Communist Party members in the Creation Society and the Sun Society to promote the unity of revolutionary writers and establish a unified organization of revolutionary writers together with Lu Xun. Hong Lingfei actively contacted progressive writers to eliminate internal barriers and expand the progressive writers alliance as much as possible. On February 16, 1930, Hong Lingfei attended a gathering of 12 people that had an important impact on the development of modern Chinese literary history, and prepared to establish the Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance. On March 2, 1930, the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Alliance was formally established in Shanghai. Hong Lingfei, Lu Xun, Xia Yan, Feng Naichao, Tian Han, and Zheng Boqi were elected as standing committee members, forming the core leadership of the "Left-wing Alliance". The establishment of the "Left-Left Alliance" "marked that revolutionary literature has entered a new stage of development, and also marked the strengthening of the leadership of the Chinese proletariat and its vanguard, the Communist Party of China, in the cause of revolutionary literature and art."
Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the left-wing cultural movement developed rapidly, causing the Kuomintang and its authorities to intensify the persecution of left-wing cultural workers. First, the monthly "We" run by Hong Lingfei and others was banned, and then many progressive cultural societies were disbanded. The Kuomintang authorities wanted Hong Lingfei again, forcing Hong Lingfei to go underground.
In February 1933, the party organization transferred him to Peking to serve as the director (i.e. secretary-general) of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the North. On July 26, 1933, due to betrayal by a traitor, Hong Lingfei was arrested by the Third Military Police Regiment stationed in Peking by Chiang Kai-shek at the home of the niece of martyr Li Dazhao outside Xuanwu Gate. Immediately arrived in Nanjing. He died heroically in the summer of 1934.
Born into a poor family, loves reading
In the first month of 1902, the third boy was born to a family in Hongsha Village, Jiangdong District, Chaoan County, Guangdong Province. The owner of this family is Hong Sunchen, and this boy is Hong Lingfei, a talented writer in the history of modern Chinese literature. Hong Lingfei's nickname was Hong Shusen, and his scientific name was Hong Lunxiu. Hong Lingfei was his pen name, and he was handed down under his pen name, which marked his status in the history of literature.
The ancestors of the Hong family have been farmers for generations, and Hong Lingfei’s grandfather had only managed to save a few acres of land. He then deliberately trained Hong Shunchen to study, hoping that he could take the imperial examination and gain fame. Unexpectedly, Hong Shunchen was in bad luck. In the end, he was not even admitted as a scholar. He first made a living by teaching in a private school, and later changed to practicing medicine. He relied on fellow villagers to raise money and opened a drugstore called Rongchundang in Chaozhou City, and his family was slightly stable. Somewhat.
When Hong Lingfei was born, Hong Shunchen, who had some knowledge of Chinese horoscopes, determined that his son was a "short-lived boy" and a "debt collector." As Hong Lingfei grew up, Hong Sunchen felt more and more that his son's face was just as the horoscope said, with thin earlobes and a pointed mandible, "unlucky", and even his writing was "just bones and no flesh". Looking at Hong Ling Fei became more and more displeased. In Hong Lingfei's mind, almost all his father left behind was a harsh and terrifying face, which is reflected in his novels "Exile", "Transformation" and other works. Incarnate, taking on a hateful face.
At the age of 9, Hong Lingfei entered a private school. By 1915, Rong Chun Tang had become famous in Chaozhou City, and his family was financially well-off. His father brought him to the city to attend primary school, where he became a fourth-year student at Chengnan Primary School. Among the teachers, the one who had the greatest influence on Hong Lingfei was Chinese language teacher Dai Zhensu. Dai Zhensu was knowledgeable, good at calligraphy and poetry. She was selected as a scholar at the age of 15 and was influenced by new trends. Dai Zhensu had a son named Dai Pingwan who was in the same class as Hong Lingfei. The two got along very well and often invited Hong Lingfei to his home. Under the influence of Dai Zhensu, Hong Lingfei also fell in love with Tang poetry. By the time she graduated from elementary school, she was already good at writing old-style poetry.
In 1918, Hong Lingfei graduated from primary school. His father planned to let him suspend his studies and help in the store, but after his repeated requests, his father finally agreed that he should continue his studies in middle school. That fall, he became a student at Gold Mountain High School. The following year, the "May Fourth Movement" broke out. This movement that happened thousands of miles away also spread to the distant ancient city of Chaozhou, bringing with it publications such as "New Youth", "New Wave", and "New Life". That was the period when Hong Lingfei was most eager for knowledge. He read and absorbed eagerly, which gradually gave him a vague yearning for a free and equal society.