In Europe and America, 1. Starting from ancient literature, the literary styles are mainly Homer's epic and ancient Greek tragicomedy.
2. Medieval literature was marked by the demise of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. During this period, Christianity, which originated in the first century A.D., flourished and church literature appeared. This kind of literature mainly popularizes Christianity, and its themes are mostly from the Bible, which makes good use of symbolic fantasy and has various genres. Secondly, chivalry literature is mainly the product of chivalry, romanticism in the shadow of religion, and its genres are mostly lyric poems and legends. Then there are heroic epics, which mostly reflect the life of clans and tribes, with more mythical colors. There is also urban literature, based on folk literature, which mainly reflects the citizens' life and the ideology of the citizens' class, has realistic factors and anti-feudal tendencies, is ironic, and takes daily life as the theme.
Generally speaking, there are four kinds of literature in the Middle Ages: church literature, knight literature, heroic epic and urban literature.
3. Literature in the Renaissance, during which many world-renowned celebrities emerged, including Dante, Boccaccio, rabelais, the author of Don Quixote, the peak novel of Spanish tramp, Cervantes, the father of Spanish drama, and Shakespeare, a great British writer. Literature in the Renaissance took humanism as its core, advocated people-oriented and opposed the absolute authority of God. Oppose theocracy with human nature, oppose asceticism with personality liberation, oppose obscurantism with rational thinking, and support centralization politically.
4./kloc-literature in the 0/7th century, this period is mainly the prosperity of classical literature. Classical literature is the product of French monarchy, and it is also the literary reflection of French bourgeoisie's compromise with feudal monarchy. Classical literature theory and creative practice are based on ancient Greek and Roman literature and art, hence the name. It pursues artistic perfection, abides by rules and regulations, advocates rational principles and supports the central kingship. The representative of the prosperity of classicism is Moliere.
Of course, there was also Baroque literature in this period, in which all kinds of gorgeous, strange, wild, fantastic and unique elements were integrated into the rigorous and formal structural style. There is also Puritan literature that was popular in Britain for a while.
5./kloc-Enlightenment literature in the 0/8th century advocates rationality and enlightenment. Literature is opposed to religious power and kingship in content, and it is more political, revolutionary, rational and philosophical. It takes the bourgeoisie and ordinary people as the protagonists, describes people's daily life, abandons classical rules and regulations, seeks new literary styles and creates diverse genres.
Realistic novels achieved the highest success in the British Enlightenment, represented by Neil Defoe's Robinson Crusoe. /kloc-In the mid-8th century, under the background of the increasing bankruptcy of rural farmers and the widening gap between the rich and the poor in cities, sentimentalism came into being, and "graveyard poetry school" was the representative of sentimentalism in the field of poetry.
/kloc-in France in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, the feudal monarchy declined sharply, and the contradiction between feudal forces and the third class was sharp. Therefore, the French Enlightenment literature, which was born and developed under the background of bourgeois actively brewing revolution, has the strongest critical and democratic fighting spirit. The representative figures are Montesquieu and Voltaire, and of course Rousseau.
/kloc-in the 0/8th century, Germany did not shake off the shadow of the "Thirty Years' War" in the last century. The primary task of its enlightenment literature is to create national literature with modern significance, to fight for the elimination of feudal separatism and the realization of national unity, to carry forward self, and to highlight the rebellious spirit of individuality to society, so as to promote the awakening of vulgar citizens. During this period, the hurricane movement represented by Goethe and Schiller had a great influence.
6.19th century was a period when capitalism swept all countries, and bourgeois revolutions broke out one after another. Romantic literature, realistic literature and naturalistic literature have a wide influence in the field of literature. The characteristics of romanticism and realism are not much to say. Among them, romanticism emphasizes the free expression of personal feelings, attaches importance to the creation of folk literature and poetic novels, is used to comparison and exaggeration, attaches importance to the aesthetic value of ugliness, and strongly advocates imagination. As one of the earliest countries where romantic literature appeared, the representative figures in Britain are the Huxiang poet Wordsworth, the demonic poets Byron and Shelley. French romanticism is more due to the tortuous struggle between the restoration of feudal forces and repeated restoration, represented by Hugo. Secondly, it is famous for Pushkin in Russia.
/kloc-the background of critical realism in the 0/9th century is that scientific spirit and scientific method are deeply rooted in people's hearts, and literature also accepts scientific concepts. Industrial civilization leads to the gap between the rich and the poor, religious decline leads to moral anomie and social contradictions intensify. The representative figure is Stendhal, whose work Red and Black has far-reaching influence.
Naturalism was originally a response to romanticism. You can think of it as the product of the extreme development of critical realism. It attaches importance to the objective causality, inevitability and regularity of nature, and has a materialistic view. Its greatest characteristics are "truth" and "realism". The representative figure is Zola.
Then there is aestheticism and symbolism.
7. In the 20th century, European and American countries successively entered the stage of monopoly capitalism, contradictions among capitalist countries intensified, and realistic literature flourished, represented by romain rolland's john christopher.
In the first half of the 20th century, Marxism and various western modern social philosophy thoughts began to spread in Russia with relatively backward economy and sharp social contradictions. More and more outstanding European literary achievements have been introduced to Russia, which has contributed to the arrival of a new cultural climax in Russia-the "Silver Age". During this period, realistic literature was still prosperous in Russia, and lev tolstoy and others successively published new works. Gorky and other new generations have also injected new vitality into Russian literature. At the same time, literary schools such as symbolism, futurism, and zenith have appeared one after another.
The emergence of modernist literature is the result of modern western industrial society, and it is the artistic expression of the spirit of the times in the turbulent European and American societies in the 20th century. The main schools of modernism are: late symbolism, expressionism, futurism, surrealism and stream-of-consciousness novels.
Post-modernism literature is a widespread cultural tendency in western society after the Second World War, which reached its climax in 1970s and 1980s.
That's about Europe and America, because you're talking about the history of high school, so when I sum up, I will contact some history to introduce the general literature situation, which has no special depth. The 1920s were not particularly detailed, and China's was not mentioned. I think the focus of high school history should be the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. If you have any questions or need me to add, please ask and answer them in time.
It took me more than an hour to sort it out from books and notes. I hope it helps.
I'm sorry that I really don't know anything about painting school, but you can use time as a clue to check the information. There is generally a school of literature and art, and the ideological reflection of literature and art is influenced and limited by its time.