Methods of reading Chinese aloud in primary schools (1)
1. Free reading, active consultation and reflection.
Case: Echo, Market in the Sky
Thinking: What is free reading? True free reading is intermittent, repetitive, drawing, thoughtful and wholeheartedly reading, which does not affect others' reading and is not influenced by others. The reason why free reading can effectively stimulate students' personalized learning behavior is that he has the freedom of thinking, reads under the guidance of his own thinking, thinks what he thinks, reads what he reads and writes what he writes. But in fact, primary school students do not have the ability to read freely. We often find that under the guidance of a teacher, a student can easily learn to read a sentence with emotion and read it vividly. However, if you let him read the text freely, he will read it once, but he doesn't know what to do freely. The key lies in the teacher's guidance.
What kind of free reading is effective? Don't let the students go? Read as much as you want. Instead, it needs to be gradually guided under the guidance of teachers.
Before reading, put the dictionary on the desk. A dictionary is a silent teacher. Only when the teacher stands in front of the students will the students take the initiative to check when they encounter problems. Dictionaries can not only help students solve problems, but also guide students to form strong and good study habits.
When reading, you must write. Pen is a silent friend, who doesn't move pen and ink or read. Only when he has a pen in his hand can he record his thoughts and leave his doubts.
After reading it, you should reflect in time. After reading the text, think about what problems you have figured out and what new problems you have encountered. This is not only a summary of the reading just now, but also a preparation for the next exchange and study. Of course, this requires teachers to leave enough time for students to think deeply after reading the text, instead of asking questions, discussing and communicating as soon as students put down their textbooks. A student who really begins to read freely will have a lot of things to do and problems to think about after reading aloud. A student who has the right to read freely must stop and think if he encounters something he can't understand. If he encounters a place where he can't read smoothly, he must read it several times; If he encounters new discoveries, such as exquisite pens, or doubts, he must pick up a pen to write and draw. This is the real free reading.
What is emphasized here is that students must be guided to form the habit of not writing or reading, especially in senior grades. In the process of reading, I circled a little, and I felt something in my heart. I recorded it with pen and ink and said it vividly in a few words. Write your reading feelings and difficult questions in the blank space of the book at will to help you understand and think deeply, and lay a good foundation for reporting and communication.
2. Example reading provides imitation and stimulates desire.
Case: Echo, Market in the Sky
Thinking: there are two functions of model reading: first, let students grasp the emotional tone of reading aloud and find out the feeling of reading aloud, so as to facilitate students to learn to imitate; The second is to stimulate students' desire to learn. If Fan reads well, students will naturally taste, experience and imitate. Over time, teachers' reading skills will gradually be transformed into students' reading ability. At present, there is a phenomenon in reading teaching, which is to let students read whatever they like. When you have finished reading, you will call the roll to read. After several students were ordered to read, they failed to read well. However, the teacher always invited again and was frustrated again and again. The more students read, the less interested they are. At this point, if the model is read in time, the effect will be twice the result with half the effort. Teachers are the organizers and instructors of teaching, and personal demonstration is the most direct and effective guidance, especially for junior teachers.
Model reading can be a teacher's model reading or a student with high reading level. Template reading is a high-level reading, and it must really play a demonstration role. It should be emphasized that the teacher's model essay reading is only guidance. After students are inspired by intuition and images, teachers should let students exert their imagination and creativity, read according to their own understanding, and read out their feelings and experiences.
3. Read aloud by name, find problems and solve them.
In reading class, reading names is the most common. Its purpose is to understand the degree of individual students' mastery of the article, and then carry out targeted teaching. Students' problems in the process of reading aloud should be corrected by teachers, pointed out by other students and introspected by readers, which is the key to reading aloud by roll call. So, when reading by name, we should pay attention to the real clearance? Name? Find and solve problems and improve students' reading level.
4. Evaluation and reading, evaluation and guidance.
Case: A teacher's teaching essay
In class, I try my best to make students the masters of the class. I often encourage students to evaluate each other and cooperate with each other. I often say to children with poor reading ability: others' comments are the greatest help to you. It doesn't matter if they can't read well. Teachers and classmates will help you, so you should stand up bravely. After listening to the teacher, the timid child became brave and confident. After students finish reading, I often organize students to evaluate, such as? What do you think of his reading? Where is a good place to study? Can you read like him? I haven't read enough. Can you read better than him? Everyone wants to show it to me. At the same time, I often participate in children's evaluation. If students don't read well the first time, they will be given a second and third chance until they read well. ? After a period of time, the interactive reading effect between students and between teachers and students is obvious. In class, we can often see students competing to show their reading, show their reading and help others read. We often hear children say: Teacher, I think XX has done a good job; Teacher, I think XX is reading the beauty of autumn; I think XX is not happy enough to study. It should be (the student should study), and at the same time give that classmate another chance; They can't help applauding when they hear students read aloud affectionately. They can often see students treating their teachers in class? Fandu? Encourage or put forward your own opinions with applause, and even bravely challenge the teacher. Teacher, I want to challenge you! Teacher, I want to compete with you! ?
Thinking: so-called? Review? That is, reading and commenting. This way can respect students' differences and reflect? Reading is a personalized behavior of students? The basic idea of. Students express their feelings by reading aloud, then evaluate themselves, express their inner feelings, and then express their outer feelings to others through other comments, so as to achieve the combination of reading and appreciation, and obtain the same aesthetic taste on the basis of maintaining individuality.
Evaluation can be divided into two categories: self-evaluation and other evaluations. Self-evaluation is an important way to promote students' self-reflection, self-adjustment and self-improvement in learning. However, the self-evaluation of primary school students will inevitably have limitations and one-sidedness. Therefore, in the process of reading aloud, we should pay attention to organizing students to evaluate each other's reading aloud, and guide students to reflect on their reading level from mutual evaluation.
Reading evaluation should be closely combined with understanding the text. Although many teachers also pay attention to students' evaluation in class, most of them only focus on evaluating whether the voice is loud, whether the pronunciation is clear, whether the tone is high or low, whether the speech speed is fast or slow, whether the tone is light or heavy, and so on. Shallow level? Let's go Reading evaluation must always understand the text and feel the language, so that students can really improve in the evaluation. The purpose of reading evaluation is to make students read well through evaluation and guidance. Therefore, students should be given time and opportunities to read aloud many times, not to evaluate for the sake of evaluation.
5. Role-play reading to understand the heart and increase experience.
Case: Echo
Role performance reading is to let students read the different roles described in the text first, then let them perform, let them walk into the text, express the scenes described in the text with vivid reading and vivid performance, express their emotions through expressions and body language, and make people feel immersive. Many lively and interesting texts in the textbook can be read like this. This way of reading can deepen students' experience of the text situation and add some interest to the classroom. However, it must be noted that stories with sad feelings and tragic contents are not suitable for performances, while cheerful and cheerful contents are suitable for performance reading. The core of role-playing reading is to guide students to enter the role, add actions and demeanor, and read sentimental texts. Performance is the way, and reading a good book is the purpose. Therefore, when paying attention to this process, we should not simply look at whether the students' actions are similar, but should pay more attention to whether the students read the characters well.
6. Match reading causes competition and compare reading with each other.
Competition between teachers and students, competition between students, competition between groups to elect representatives and so on. In repeated reading and evaluation, deepen the understanding of the text, make yourself better into the text, so as to better grasp the text, control the text and achieve the purpose of reading the text well. After watching the game, it is necessary to evaluate it. What is good and what is lacking cannot be abandoned. It is necessary to truly achieve the purpose of reading through competitions.
7. Free choice of reading and active reading
Respect students' personality and wishes, and read as you like. As long as it is the content that students are interested in, students will naturally be willing to learn and take the initiative to learn. Only when you are most interested, can you read and understand your feelings. Therefore, reading teaching should also leave space for students to choose independently, so that students can choose their favorite content for reading and learning. This not only avoids the patterning in teaching, but also enables students to actively participate in reading activities.
Chinese reading methods in primary schools (2)
8. Read with music, enter the artistic conception and sublimate emotions.
Case: Dandelion flying in the air and the market.
Thinking: Music is accompanied in reading aloud, so that students can immerse themselves in the atmosphere created by music and fully express what they have learned in reading aloud. However, it should be noted that, first of all, the selected music should be appropriate and consistent with the feelings and meanings expressed in the reading content; Secondly, the sound of music should be properly adjusted, and it is not allowed to pretend to be the master, only listening to the sound of music and not listening to the sound of reading.
9. Read them together, use them rationally and give full play to their advantages
Case: Flying Dandelion
Thinking: Many teachers have a wrong understanding of aligned reading. Although reading together has a wonderful effect of creating momentum and baking atmosphere, it is also? Make up the number? Create a hotbed of singing and reading. ? Because when you read, you can't read the speed, intonation, mood and personality. So what? Should we stop reading in class? . But reading at the same time also has many benefits. Reading together is to improve teaching efficiency and meet the needs of all students. For some underachievers, the process of reading together is the process of learning reading methods and skills from underachievers.
Select the appropriate text for synchronous reading. Some words are passionate, magnificent and full of sound and emotion. Only by reading together can we perfectly reproduce the emotion, momentum and sound of the work. Those narratives, explanatory works, and works that express sadness, sadness or relaxed mood are not suitable for watching together. In addition, although some texts are not suitable for full-text reading, some paragraphs are very suitable for full-text reading.
The forms of reading together should be more abundant. In addition to the whole class, boys can read together and girls can read together. Reading in groups; This not only allows students who are good at reading to fully display their talents, but also allows other students to actively participate; Students with similar timbres can also arrange to read the same role together.
10. Continuous reading should not be too detailed, but it needs to be evaluated.
Case: Echo, Market in the Sky
Thinking: In the initial reading stage of reading teaching, checking students' reading situation is an essential teaching link, which teachers love most? Driving a train? In the form of one class, this can reflect the overall reading situation of the class more comprehensively. Pay attention to continuous reading: don't divide the text too carefully. Students who don't participate in continuous reading should listen carefully and give comments.
1 1. Read aloud. If you are familiar with it, you will come naturally.
Reading is also reading, but compared with reading, reading first pays more attention to one? Cooked? Words. Not once or twice, but many times. What do you mean? Learn by heart? . The second is for what? Meditation? . When you read it out of your mouth, a vivid and sensible picture will quickly emerge in your mind, that is, you should quickly convert the text symbols into images and imagine that picture. Third, pay more attention to the cadence of tone. Reading is most suitable for those emotional texts, such as poems (especially ancient poems), novels, landscape writing or lyric prose. Usually arranged at the end of teaching. Reading is good for accumulation.
12. Ask and read skillfully.
Question reading means that teachers ask questions on the basis of students' initial perception of the text content. Here, students are not required to answer in their own language, but to read sentences that can answer questions in the text. In this way, let students understand the content and taste the emotion in questioning and reading.
The above are several reading methods we often use, and the specific application depends on the characteristics of the text and the students' learning situation.
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out:? Reading teaching in all periods should attach importance to reading aloud and reading silently. ? If reading is a collection, press? Do you read aloud? As a standard, can be divided into? Read silently? And then what? Read aloud? Two subsets. Silent reading, the modern Chinese dictionary is interpreted as? Silent reading is a way to cultivate reading ability in Chinese teaching. ? So, although we are talking about reading aloud today, it is very necessary to talk about other ways, such as silent reading.
13. Read silently without moving pen and ink without reading.
Case: dandelion flying for a hundred years and beauty
Thinking: Silent reading, that is, silent reading, means directly using the brain to feel the meaning of words without converting words into sounds. It is the main means to obtain text information and situational knowledge. Because silent reading is silent and omits pronunciation, it is fast and does not affect each other, which ensures the quiet environment, facilitates more concentrated thinking and understanding of the content of reading, and is not easy to be tired and durable. Curriculum standards specifically point out about silent reading: lower grades? Learn to read silently? , middle grade? Learn to read silently at first, without making any noise, without reference to reading? , senior? There is a certain amount of silent reading, and the silent reading of general books is not less than 300 words per minute. ? Therefore, we must attach importance to the training of silent reading in teaching.
First of all, let students know the correct method of silent reading. Consciously guide students to use it? Eye movement? In order to help students master and use silent reading correctly, we should correct their mistakes. When students begin to learn silent reading, they should be instructed to gradually improve the speed of silent reading from words to sentences, from sentences to lines, and from lines to paragraphs. Secondly, when reading silently, let students draw while reading, draw paragraphs with pens in their hands, mark key points, add comments, and draw while reading, so as to read, write and think. With a little proficiency, students can ask questions, reflect and criticize the reading materials regularly. After a long time, students will form a correct habit of silent reading, and their ability and reading level will gradually improve.