First, poetic style.
(1) Write the strongest voice of the times with fiery passion.
Judging from the content of his poems, most of his works are written about the revolutionary passion at that time, with distinctive political nature and strong spirit of the times. During his decades of career, he shared the sufferings of the people and answered many important questions of the times. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, and even to the "Cultural Revolution" in 10, the poet wrote a series of excellent poems, such as To Young Citizens, Staring at the Starry Sky, Sugarcane Grove-Green Yarn Account and so on. For example, his famous poem March on Difficulties is not only a political lyric poem, but also a propaganda poem. Poetry was written in response to the fact that some young people were afraid of difficulties and flinched on the road to building the country at that time. They used revolutionary passion and inspiring language to reveal the true meaning of life in the times, and called on and encouraged young people to dare to "March into difficulties" and "wage a fiery struggle" in order to build the socialist motherland. This poem takes the form of Bi Xing and Mayakovski's stepping poems. First, I introduced that "I" encountered difficulties and asked to go back to the home front to study for more years, but the general's answer was: "The problem is simple/not brave/learn to be brave in the struggle,/afraid of difficulties/stubbornly familiar with difficulties." These flashing words let "I" immediately return to the team and move on. These experiences are the same as those of young people at that time, and they all come from the life of that era. Finally, the poet expressed his heart at the end of the poem: "Let's March into difficulties with a hundred times of courage and perseverance!" ! /Not only in words/but also in actions/We are real citizens! "Poetry echoes the voice of the times and embodies the spirit of the times. Even during the terrible "Cultural Revolution", in the face of all kinds of persecution and framing, the author used integrity to express the beliefs and vows of revolutionary soldiers who were not afraid of power and rape. For example, in the poem "Qiu Ge", he wrote: "A soldier must never lay down his weapon, even for a minute; If you want a revolution, you must never stop, even in the face of a knife. "This is a kind of what kind of heroic temperament, only" warrior poet "has this kind of verve!
(B) full of philosophy, flashing the light of truth in feelings.
As a student, he took an active part in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. He was an active member of the Youth Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the vanguard of national liberation at that time. He tried to fight for national liberation in the form of literature and art. In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he wrote many poems, such as Youth League Members on the Hutuo River, We Sing the Yellow River, Straw Shoes and Old Workers, but they were still immature, in the exploratory stage and far from mature. However, many early poems also lacked a philosophy because of their strong militancy. However, with the deepening of his understanding and thinking about life, he gradually changed from encouraging readers with political language to infecting readers with vivid artistic images. This change is marked by staring at the starry sky, and the lyricism of the poet's poems has changed from erratic agitation to dignified and deep. The content of the poem is: One night, the poet stood on the street of Beijing and looked up at the starry sky. Facing the boundless universe, he had a brief association in his heart. However, when the poet turned his eyes to the majestic Tiananmen Square, he thought of our "boiling fighting life" and the heroic spirit of human conquering nature, and he felt that he was "full of extraordinary power". "We want to turn the vast vault. In the poet's rational consciousness," looking up at the starry sky "is the theme of the times, praising" the great power of human beings to conquer nature and the people to build a beautiful and happy paradise on earth under the leadership of the party ".However, in the concrete development of poetry, the contradiction between feelings and thoughts, poetics and political requirements is clearly reflected. In poetry, the author lacks the usual clear and heroic poetic style, but the depth added in the poem brings people a lot of thinking, and expresses the author's serious thinking and induction of historical setbacks with sentences very close to his personal emotional world. In poetry, the author guides readers to rethink their life, meaning and destiny, which makes this poem full of philosophy and reflects the maturity of the author in poetry creation. Many of his later poems are also very philosophical, such as Autumn in Tuanbowa, Birthday, Qiu Ge and so on.
(C) novel form, unique poetry creation
Guo Xiaochuan used a variety of poetic forms in his poetry writing career for decades, such as stair style, folk song style, freestyle style, long sentence style and so on. However, among many poetic styles, long sentence style is Guo Xiaochuan's unique creation in poetic style. In many articles commenting on Guo Xiaochuan's poetic creation, some people call this unique poetic style "new poetic style". In order to express more open thoughts and feelings, Guo Xiaochuan used the characteristics of couplets in China's ancient ci and fu for reference and combined with the laws of modern Chinese to create this new poetic style. The basic characteristics of poetic style are: long sentences, also known as long sentence style and long corridor style. A line of poetry consists of at least two short stanzas, and the combination of stanzas is relatively free, consisting of 2, 3 and 4 lines. The number of words and sentences between sections generally rhymes neatly; Expressed by means of bedding; Large capacity, suitable for unrestrained expression of love poems. Due to the long lines of short sentences, the general neatness of poetic lines, the correspondence of formats, decoration, exaggeration, overlap, parallelism and duality, and the exquisiteness of structure, diction and rhyme, the emotional concentration and language strength of poetry are effectively enhanced, resulting in a grand momentum and a strong artistic expression. His main works include Charming Xiamen, Country Avenue, Cane Forest-Green Curtain, Green Curtain-Cane Forest, Sculpture in the Great Northern Wilderness, Climbing Mount Tai, Autumn in Tuanbowa and so on. Because of his great contribution to poetic creation, some people call him an "innovation expert". Feng Mu pointed out: "He absorbed nutrition from China's excellent classical poems and ci-fu, and created a powerful poetic style. ..... This genre has gradually formed its own distinctive style through the poet's long-term practice and application, which has had a wide impact on China's poetry creation. " 1 Unfortunately, due to all kinds of persecution during the Cultural Revolution, his exploration of poetic style did not continue.
personal reasons
1, personal creative process
The formation of Guo Xiaochuan's poetic style is closely related to his own experience. From the process of his poetry creation, we can see it at a glance.
1955 to 1956 is the first stage of Guo Xiaochuan's poetry creation. He wrote a series of poems to young citizens, including "Into the Fierce Struggle" and "March on Difficulties". These poems are passionate and heroic, expressing the theme of struggle, construction and March in the form of "step by step", pouring surging passion and inspiring people to devote themselves to the fiery struggle with the mind of political critics and the attitude of fighting for land. But it is not mature in art, and the shaping of artistic image is often replaced by political discussion.
The period from 1957 to 1960 is the exploration period of Guo Xiaochuan. While trying to overcome the defect of discussing more than images, he began to advance to complex life content and new themes, no longer satisfied with the superficial agitation of poetry, but pursued deep emotional connotation. There are three kinds of creations that represent the achievements of this period: one is "political lyric poetry" created to cooperate with political work, including a group of poems for young citizens (including Guild Wars, Difficulties in March, etc.) and "Romanticism of County Party Secretary", which expresses the romantic feelings of * * * from the political height of the times and the position of "self". Another kind of lyric poetry is criticized as expressing the poet's personal feelings, mainly a few works such as Mountains, Seas and Starry Sky. As soon as these works were published, they immediately attracted fierce political censure. Staring at the starry sky was even accused of being "the dominant thing, the thing of individualism and nihilism". Also controversial and criticized are four narrative poems, including Ode to Snow White, Deep Valley, Severe Love (sometimes called "Love Trilogy") and One and Eight. These narrative poems not only show profound reflection on life in content, but also show deliberate exploration efforts in form. At first, this sentence pattern forms a longer sentence than that carefully designed later, while the stanzas remain unified in the same poem.
The early 1960s was the third stage of Guo Xiaochuan's poetry creation, and also the exploration period of Guo Xiaochuan's poetry art. He created two lyric styles, namely, the new ci-fu style and the new Sanqu style, which were in line with the spirit of the times. Representative works include Xiamen Charm, Country Avenue, Cane Forest-Green Curtain, Green Curtain-Cane Forest, Tusi Song and so on. At this time, lyric poetry seems to be unified in the emotional mode of "self of the times", but due to the maturity of art, the lofty sentiments of the times are meaningful through more personal and restrained expression.
1966 After the Cultural Revolution began, it was the fourth stage of Guo Xiaochuan's poetry creation. At this time, the poet was severely destroyed and persecuted, and was deprived of the right to create and publish his works, but he still wrote works such as Crossing the Yangtze River and Singing Three Songs in the Forest Areas of the South of the Yangtze River. In particular, 1975' s "Tuanbowa and Autumn in Qiu Ge" expresses the poet's serious thinking and fighting passion for social contradictions at that time, and marks his creative height in this period.
2. The patriotic feelings of the poet.
Since his school days, Guo Xiaochuan has been enthusiastically involved in the wave of resisting Japan and saving the nation, and expressed it with his own practical actions. In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he left Beiping with full patriotic enthusiasm. After many twists and turns, he finally arrived in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, joined the army, became a member of General Wang Zhen's 359 Brigade, and later served as the confidential secretary of Wang Zhen. In that fiery revolutionary era, he raised his gun in one hand and fought in the battlefield filled with smoke; Holding a pen in one hand and full of enthusiasm, he wrote many poems full of revolutionary passion, inspiring the troops to go to the battlefield and kill the enemy bravely. People praised him as a warrior poet. Hu Qiaomu, Lu and others spoke highly of his talent, talent, youth and vitality. After the birth of the Republic of China, he lived up to expectations, continued to write poems, enthusiastically eulogized the brilliant achievements of socialist revolution and construction, and once became a brilliant poet in the literary and art circles. His poems are full of political enthusiasm and sincere love for the great party and motherland, the great revolutionary cause and the great people's army. In his poems, it is not difficult to see the poetic and passionate emotional catharsis. For example, in his famous poem "Sugarcane Forest-Green Yarn Account", he wrote: "Remember? We once had an interesting dream:/After the victory of the revolution, we shook our white beards and traveled all over the south of the Yangtze River; /Do you remember? We once had a small wish:/In the socialist era, we smoked three cigarettes a day. /Do you remember? We once had a firm belief:/Even if we die and turn into dung, we can make sorghum grow thick and round; /Do you remember? We have carefully calculated:/As long as the green yarn account is not reversed, * * * productism will definitely be realized in the next generation. /Do you remember? When we parted, we made this plan:/In the future, we will meet there if there are serious difficulties; /Do you remember? At the time of victory, we made such an oath:/In the future, no matter whether life is sweet or bitter, we will never forget yesterday and tomorrow. "
Reading these poems, we seem to see a poet standing in front of us with determination, heroism and confidence. He has a broad mind and deep feelings for his motherland. ...
In short, Guo Xiaochuan's political lyric poems written in that particular era not only reached the peak in art, but also set an example for future generations. As someone pointed out, "As a new socialist poem, Guo Xiaochuan provided it with things that show the essence of its fundamental characteristics, that is, poetry must belong to the people and the socialist cause. Writing according to the laws of poetry is consistent with writing according to the interests of the people. The poet's "self" is combined with the "self" of the class and the people. The unity of "poetics" and "politics" The unity of poets and soldiers. "