In the cold winter, it was raining and snowing, and a retired soldier was walking alone on his way back home. The road is rugged and we are hungry and thirsty; but the borders are getting farther and farther away, and the countryside is getting closer. At this moment, as he looked at his hometown in the distance and recalled the past, he couldn't help but have a lot of thoughts and mixed feelings. The harsh military life, fierce battle scenes, and countless scenes of climbing high and returning home, all reappeared before my eyes. "Plucking Wei" is the recollection and lamentation of a soldier who had been on guard for a long time three thousand years ago on his way back. It is classified as "Xiaoya", but quite similar to "Guofeng". The whole poem has six chapters, which can be divided into three levels. Since it is a reminiscence on the way home, it is written in flashback. The first three chapters are one layer, recalling the feeling of longing to return and describing the reasons why it is difficult to return. The first four sentences of these three chapters express the feeling of missing home and looking forward to returning home in a step-by-step way. As time goes by, this feeling becomes more urgent and unbearable. The first sentence is inspired by picking up weeds, but it also contains poetry. Because weavers are edible, the soldiers in the garrison are picking weeds to satisfy their hunger. Therefore, this casual sentence of excitement is the prospect of spoken language and reflects the plight of the soldiers on the border. The "picking of weeds" by soldiers at the border is incomparable with the "picking of mulberries" and "picking of mulberries" by women in their hometown. The garrison was not only difficult, but also long. "Weicai also stops", "softly stops", and "hard stops", step by step, vividly depicts the growth process of Weiwei from breaking the ground and sprouting, to tender seedlings, to old and hard stems and leaves. " Together with "Sui Yiyang stops", it symbolizes the passage of time and the long battle. At the beginning of the year and at dusk, things change and the stars move. "It is said to be returning, and it is said to be returning", but it has been a long time since the garrison. For the garrison soldiers who are always in danger of life, how can they not be "worrying fiercely". So, why is it difficult for garrison soldiers to return? The last four sentences provide layered explanations: being far away from home is because of the danger of leopards; the reason for garrisoning is unstable because of frequent wars; and there is no time to rest and recuperate because of endless differences. The fundamental reason is "the reason of the 玁狁". "Book of Han? Biography of the Xiongnu" says: "During the reign of King Yi of the Zhou Dynasty, the royal family declined, and the Rong and Di invaded and tyrannized China. China was suffering from it, and the poets began to write and sing: 'The family is overrun, and the family is overrun. "Why?" This can be regarded as the historical background of "Plucking Wei". As for the dangers of hawks, ordinary men have the responsibility of guarding them. In this way, on the one hand, there is nostalgia, and on the other hand, there is a sense of combat. The two layers of the first three chapters are intertwined with the personal feelings of missing family and the sense of responsibility of fighting for the country. These are two contradictory but equally real thoughts and feelings. In fact, this also constitutes the emotional tone of the whole poem, but Sigui's personal feelings and sense of responsibility for fighting are expressed differently in different chapters. Chapters 4 and 5 trace the intense life of marching and fighting. It describes the majestic appearance of the army and the strict security, which lifts the momentum of the whole article. The mood also changes from a sad feeling of homesickness to a passionate feeling of fighting. These two chapters also have four sentences with the same meaning and can be read in four levels. In the first four sentences of the fourth chapter, the poet asks and answers himself, using the "maintaining beauty" to raise the "gentleman's chariot", revealing the unique pride of soldiers. Then two battle scenes are described around the chariot: "The military chariot is driven, and the industry is established. How dare you settle down, three victories are achieved in one month." This generally describes the majestic military appearance, high morale and frequent battles; There are four horses and four horses. The gentleman relies on him and the villain relies on him." This further describes the scene of the soldiers charging into battle under the cover of the chariot and the command of the general. Finally, the battle scenes also describe the soldiers' equipment: "Four male wings, like fish-killing uniforms." The war horses are strong and well-trained, and the weapons are sophisticated and invincible. The soldiers were in full array every day, just because the 玁狁 was really rampant. "Isn't it true that the sun is warning and the 玁狁 has thorns in its holes?" This not only reflects the situation at the border at that time, but also explains once again the reason why it is difficult to return after a long garrison. Based on the description of military life in these two chapters, "Mao's Preface" believes that "Caiwei" is a poem about "sending garrison troops" and persuading soldiers. This is not poetic. Judging from the contradictory emotions expressed in the whole poem, this garrison is both in love with his family and aware of the overall situation. He seems to have a sense of responsibility that everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country. Therefore, on the long way home, it is very natural to reminisce about yesterday's life-and-death battle life. The emotional theme that covers the whole article is the sad thoughts of home. Perhaps the sudden falling snowflakes awakened the garrison, and he returned to reality from his memories, and then fell into deeper sadness. Looking back on the past and recalling the present, how can we not make "my heart sad" when we learn from the pain? "In the past, I left, and the willows clung to me. Now I come to think about it, and the rain and snow are falling." When writing about the scenery, it is even more expressive and sad. Individual life exists in time, and in the changing situations of "now" and "past", "coming" and "past", "rain and snow falling" and "willows falling", the garrison soldiers deeply experienced the waste and waste of life. The passage of life and the negation of the value of life by war. Unparalleled literary sentiments, eternally new. When people read these four sentences today, they can't help but feel sad and sad. They mainly feel the deep sense of life passing through the poem. "The journey is delayed, and the thirst is filled with hunger." In addition, the return journey is long and dangerous, the luggage is scarce, and he is hungry and thirsty. This predicament in life deepens his sorrow. "The road has been delayed" seems to also include the soldiers' worries about their parents, wives and children. After many years of separation, "the envoy will return to his job", and life and death are unknown. When he returns, he will inevitably feel the fear of "being more timid when he is close to his hometown, and not daring to ask the visitor" ("Crossing the Han River" by Li Pin of the Tang Dynasty) psychology. However, no one knows or comforts the above-mentioned sorrows in this rainy and snowy wilderness; "My heart is sad, but no one knows that I am sad." The whole poem ends in this lonely and helpless lament.
Looking at the whole poem, the typical meaning of the dominant sentiment in "Plucking Wei" is not to express the feelings of sending garrison soldiers to persuade soldiers to fight, but to retreat the war conflicts between the dynasty and the barbarians into the background, and to remove the individuals who belong to the national military operations from the battlefield. Separate it, through the recollection of the return journey, it focuses on the inner world of the garrison soldiers who were unable to return for a long time and were worried, thereby expressing the Zhou people's disgust and aversion to the war. "Plucking Wei" seems to be the ancestor of war-weary poetry through the ages. In terms of art, "In the past, I left, and the willows lingered. Now I come to think about it, and the rain and snow are falling." is known as one of the best poems in "Three Hundred Chapters". Since Xie Xuan of the Southern Dynasty, its commentary and analysis has stretched into a history of interpretation for more than 1,500 years. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Poetry Talk" says "Use happy scenes to describe sorrow, use sad scenes to write joy, and double the sorrow and joy" and Liu Xizai's "Elegance of Art" "Elegant people are profound and express their feelings through scenery", which have become poets' mantras. The sentence structure of "past" and "present" has been repeatedly imitated by poets, such as Cao Zhi's "Severe frost first appeared, and now comes from dew" ("Love Poems"), Yan Yanzhi's "Past Ci Qiu" Even if you are not primed, you will still be able to bear the glory this year" (Part 5 of "Qiu Hu Shi"), etc. "Plucking Wei" is an article in "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya". Annotators in the past have different opinions about the year of its writing. However, according to its content and the verification of other historical records, it is more likely that it is a work from the era of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, the yangnu (later known as the Xiongnu) in the north were very powerful and often invaded the Central Plains, bringing many disasters to the lives of the people in the north at that time. There are many records in history of the Emperor Zhou sending troops to guard the borders and ordering soldiers to send troops to defeat the wolves. Judging from the content of "Caiwei", it was probably written when soldiers were returning from hard work. The poem sings about the hard life and longing for home of the soldiers in the army. The whole poem is divided into three chapters. The first three chapters are stacked one after another, starting from picking weeds, and describing how the weeds are soft and strong, while the garrison soldiers are far away from their hometown and have not returned for a long time. They are homesick and worried! The author wrote: Shanwei, you have sprouted and been born. It’s time for us to go home! But in the blink of an eye, another year has passed and we can’t take care of our family. Why is this? We didn’t even have time to sit down for a while, also because of the lynx invasion.
We need to attack! It’s time to pick weeds again. The weed leaves have grown up and the branches and leaves are tender. It’s time to go home! The sorrow in our hearts is so intense, we are rushing for the war, our garrison period is not yet determined, who can hardly bring us a letter home! Shanwei has grown strong and strong, it’s time to go home! It’s already October! But the king’s affairs are not over yet, there is nothing he can do