First, landscape pastoral poetry
(1) The pastoral poetry school mainly describes natural landscapes such as mountains and rivers, and praises rural life, mainly focusing on pastoral scenery and the labor of farmers, herdsmen and fishermen.
The poet takes natural landscapes or rural natural scenery and rural life as the object of chanting, and throws delicate brushstrokes into quiet mountains and leisurely fields to create a rural life, thus expressing his dissatisfaction with reality and yearning for a quiet and peaceful life.
Landscape pastoral poetry belongs to the category of landscape poetry. The main feature of this kind of poetry is that "all scenery words are emotional words", that is, the natural scenery written by the author is integrated into the author's subjective feelings, or the scenery is used to express feelings, or the scene is blended.
(2) The specific style of pastoral poetry: fresh, lofty, broad and colorful.
(3) Pastoral school: represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, in addition to Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian, Zuyong, Qi and others. They inherited the creative traditions of pastoral poetry and landscape poetry of Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao since Jin and Song Dynasties, and formed a school of poetry with the same theme and similar artistic style.
(4) Appreciation training:
1, in order to express love for nature and yearning for a quiet and peaceful life.
Pastoral music (Wang Wei)
Hearts also contain fresh rain overnight, green willows and a touch of spring smoke.
The children at home have not been driven away, and the oriole singing the song of idleness is still sleeping.
(1) What thoughts and feelings does this poem express?
(2) In the poem, what expressive techniques did the author use to write the scenery?
analyse
(1) The first poem expresses the author's love for spring scenery. The second song depicts a quiet mountain village landscape with colorful flowers, expressing the poet's leisurely life in the countryside.
(2) Rendering colors, writing spring scenery in pink and willow green, giving people a gorgeous feeling; Audio-visual combination; The voice sets off the silence, the warbler sings clearly, but the mountain traveler is still asleep, showing the silence of the environment.
The poet expresses his personal ambition through magnificent scenery.
Early summer (Sima Guang)
April is sunny and sunny, and after a storm comes a calm, Nanshan has clearly become a household.
There are no catkins in the wind, only sunflowers open to the sun.
(1) Analyze the scenery expression of this poem.
(2) Talk about the understanding of the thoughts and feelings of the last poem.
analyse
(1) This poem captures the typical scenery that can reflect the early summer scenery, including Nanshan in the distance and sunflowers nearby, as well as virtual catkins and real sunflowers, which set each other off and set off a peaceful artistic conception.
(2) The author compares the monarch to the sun, and euphemistically and implicitly expresses his unswerving feelings with the characteristics that sunflowers are biased towards the sun.
(5) Summary and induction:
There is a certain regularity in the appreciation of pastoral poems. Some poems express their love for nature and yearning for a quiet and peaceful life by borrowing scenery to express their feelings. Some poets express their personal ambitions through magnificent scenery; Some poets who have been relegated are entrusted with the feelings of sticking to their beliefs and being optimistic and broad-minded; Some expressed the poet's unique philosophical feelings. When appreciating, you can often use the following terms:
1, ideological content-love nature, yearn for freedom, retire, and be carefree.
2. Expression techniques-scene lyricism (scene blending), combination of reality and reality, combination of motion and static, contrast and line drawing.
3. Language features-fresh, natural, simple, natural and fresh.
Second, nostalgic poetry
(nostalgic poem, poem)
Remembering the past and composing poems: China has a long history of thousands of years, with beautiful scenery and romantic words. Although history is like waves scouring the sand, countless predecessors have dominated the historical stage and left many brilliant achievements, which is admirable. How many lessons have been left, which makes people sad. Therefore, the historical stories and deeds of the ancients are the theme of poems about nostalgia, which originated in the Wei and Jin Dynasties or even earlier. In the Tang dynasty, it became a common practice, and even outstanding historians such as Liu Yuxi and Du Mu appeared.
(1) Poems are mostly written with concise and carefully selected images, combined with feelings about nature, society and history, or lamenting the changes of the rise and fall of dynasties, or lamenting the sudden changes of years, or satirizing the debauchery and shamelessness of those in power, thus showing the author's meditation after reading all the vicissitudes, and containing a deep sense of suffering from bitter experience.
(2) Liu Yuxi and Du Mu are the main representatives of object-chanting poems. Liu Yuxi's famous poems include Wuyi Lane and Stone Town. Du Mu's quatrains on history are called "Twenty-eight Words on History", and his famous poems on history include Bo Qinhuai, Guo Huaqing Palace quatrains, Chibi and so on.
Nostalgia for ancient poetry is a kind of poetry that generally remembers people and things in ancient times and integrates feelings about nature, society and history. Generally, it takes ancient ruins as the starting point and takes place names or "visiting the ancient times" and "recalling" as the topic.
(3) The poet's recollection and admiration of the past can be roughly described as follows:
1. Think about history calmly and rationally, and the poet himself is not involved. For example, Du Mu and Wang Anshi both wrote the poem Wujiang Pavilion. Du Mu regretted Xiang Yu's suicide: "Jiangdong disciples are versatile, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback." But Wang Anshi felt the inevitability of Xiang Yu's failure history: "Although Jiangdong disciples are here now, are they willing to make a comeback for you?"
2. Distort historical facts with reality, or lament personal experience, or attack social reality. This is the case with Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia and Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia.
3, only grasp the shadow of history, deliberately use the topic to play, such as Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng" is such a satirical masterpiece.
(4) Appreciation training:
In the temple of the first king of Shu (Liu Yuxi)
The world is a hero, living and ruling for thousands of years.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China and the three kingdoms of Wu and Wei, the restoration of five baht coins was aimed at revitalizing the Han Dynasty.
Andrew Bynum and Zhuge Liang created the foundation of the prime minister, but unfortunately his son is not the sage of his father.
The worst is the song and dance in Shu Palace, and there is no shame in singing and dancing.
Note: Five baht money: a coin minted in the fifth year of Emperor Yuan Shou of the Han Dynasty. Later, Wang Mang gave it up, and in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu restored it. "Hanshu Jin Shu Chun Qiu" was published: "Paulus Johannes (Zhao) and Zen Banquet grew old for this. Others are impressed by it and laugh at Zen music. "
1, "ancient Shu master" refers to Liu Bei in the Three Kingdoms period. The word "Xia Tian" not only shows Liu Bei's boldness of vision in the world, but also points out his great achievements in the world. The rendering of "eternal life, reigning for thousands of years" highlights Liu Bei and expresses the author's feelings for Liu Bei.
The phrase "enjoy" means that Liu Bei got assistance and started a great career. The phrase "having children" means that his son Liu Chan ruined his legacy.
3. Thinking in connection with notes, what do the allusions used by the author in the ending couplets mean?
4. The whole poem first describes the prosperity of Shu, and then the decline of Shu. What historical lessons are summarized in the sharp contrast?
analyse
1, heroism; Admire, revere
2. Zhuge Liang; You can't imitate the virtues of your ancestors (you can also answer "unlike sages")
3. Writing, regardless of one's ancestors, only seeks pleasure without shame, further revealing the reasons for the demise of Shu.
The gain and loss of talents is the key to the success or failure of great cause. Being good at phase selection enabled Liu Bei to create a great cause, but being shorter than his adopted son ruined his inheritance.
Third, poetry.
The characteristic of poetry chanting things is to support ambition with things. Everything in nature, from mountains and rivers to flowers, birds, insects and fish, can be the object of the poet's description, and all his feelings can be pinned on him.
(A) appreciation of chanting poems, we should pay attention to grasp from the following angles.
1. Appreciate the author's grasp and description of the characteristics of the things he recited, that is, image analysis. The ancients said that writing poems about things should be "never abandon", that is to say, don't stay on the surface of things (don't stay on things), but also conform to the characteristics of things praised (beautiful music).
2. Grasp the author's feelings about describing things. A good object-chanting poem always attracts readers with its vivid image and strong aesthetic feeling, and consciously or unconsciously reveals the author's attitude towards life, or entrusts with a beautiful ideal, or hints with the truth of life.
3. Analysis of the writing skills of chanting poems. Rhetorical devices such as personification, metaphor, pun and metonymy are often used in the overall conception of chanting poems.
(2) Appreciation training:
Zi Gui (Wu Rong)
All the flowers in the country have passed away, and feathers have been floating for a year.
In a strange land, blood has stained the flowers all over the mountains, but spring has come, and this ancient garden is still lush.
In the cool wind after the rain, it hides in the green trees, moans, and the night is open, waiting for the sky to relax and sing.
It's getting late, and it's singing in the Xiangjiang River, causing all the ships on board to come to wail.
1. Poems praise things, convey meaning, and repeatedly render the fading sound of sub-rules. What kind of thoughts and feelings does the author have?
2. What kind of expression did Zhuan Xu use? Try to explain.
analyse
Zigui, another name written by Du Fu. This is also a common allusion when the ancients wrote poems. Du Yu, the king of Shu, was named Wang Ting. He lost his country, died and became a cuckoo. He cried sadly. Therefore, Li Gaoyin is famous as "the cuckoo in spring". The "pedestrian" in this poem can be regarded as self-referential.
answer
1, reflecting the author's wandering in a foreign land and frustrated career.
2. The spring grass is flourishing in the palace, and the cuckoo cries blood in a foreign land. The contrast is sharp and the reflection is clear, which highlights the tragic fate of the cuckoo bird's failure to float alone.
Fourth, homesick poems (people)
Homesickness poems mainly describe the wandering and lonely feelings of wanderers living in different places, as well as the thoughts of their hometown and relatives.
(A) the classification of homesick poems
1, travel (referring to people living in a foreign land) is melancholy. For example, Meng Haoran's Sleeping in Jiande, Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge and Wang Jian's Looking at the Moon at Fifteen Nights.
2. Miss your relatives and friends. For example, Du Fu's Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night, Wang Wei's Thinking of Shandong Brothers on a Mountain, and Su Shi's Ten Years of Life and Death in the River.
3. In the case of homesickness, Wang Ya, "Qiu Si sent away two songs (the first song)"
4, pregnant with people, such as funeral march by Shen Rujun, Pruning Plums by Li Qingzhao and Midnight Wu Ge by Li Bai.
(2) Emotional expression and sustenance of homesick poems.
1. Objects: moon, geese, cuckoo (also known as Zigui, Du Yu, cuckoo), partridge, willow, flute, etc.
2. Time and space: dusk, spring and autumn, the end of the year, festivals, local accents, dreams, etc.
(3) Appreciation training:
Wang Jiangnan Chaoran Terrace (Su Shi)
Spring is not old, and the wind is slanting. Let's see that leaving Taiwan, half the city is full of flowers in spring, and there are thousands of flowers in misty rain.
After a cold meal, I woke up but felt uncomfortable. When resting, the old friend misses the old country, new fire tries new tea, and poetry and wine tend to grow old.