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Author: Han Ye Anchor: Liu Wei
Hundreds of Classic Poems Poetic China
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"Like mercury sprinkled on the ground, like a sunny day in the sky, like spring to flowers, like a torch to a dark starry night, it will always inspire and inspire countless generations of writers."
This is the writer Zheng Zhenduo's high evaluation of Chu Ci. A "Songs of the South" constructed the source of China's romantic literature, and from then on, there were those fantastic and magnificent imaginations.
Thousands of years have passed, and in today's colorful days, "Songs of the South" may have gradually faded out of people's sight, but the philosophy contained in those poems and the attitude of dealing with people will never fade.
On the bank of the Miluo River, there was a man with a haggard face, singing "I am alone when the world is muddy, and everyone is drunk." He sang, "It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and Xiu Yuan is Xi, so I will go up and down."
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Persistence is a kind of strength.
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Chuci originally refers to ballads with local characteristics of Chu State. Later, Qu Yuan fully absorbed the nutrition and essence of Chu Ci, and wrote immortal great works such as Li Sao. Later generations have studied and imitated it one after another, making it a unique literary expression.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang collected the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Wang Bo, Jia Yi and others, and compiled a book "Songs of the South". Qu Yuan's Lisao is the representative work of Chu Ci, so Chu Ci is also called Sao or Sao style, and it is also called Sao with the book of songs, the source of China's realistic literature.
Li Sao is the ideal elegy of the poet, who turned his patriotic heart into a gorgeous, tragic and sad poem. When the road is long and Xiu Yuan is full of dangers, when "I believe and doubt, but I am loyal and slandered", when the true feelings are regarded as hypocrisy, and when pride is crushed to dust, the poet still insists, "Although I have survived a narrow escape, my heart is still good."
As long as it is something I firmly believe in, I will not regret it even if I die nine times.
Qu Yuan's life is melancholy. He worried about the country and the people and died of disillusionment, but what he never regretted was his persistence in faith and character.
Photography: Gu Bingxin
The Warring States period was a period of great turmoil. With the division of the state of Jin and the decline of Chu, the family of Qin was dominant. Qu Yuan's sorrow lies in that he is not only a politician, but also a politician who wants to make great achievements.
However, in Chu, where the king of Chu was fatuous, the courtiers were treacherous and the national strength was declining, all the talents of Qu Yuan were doomed to be useless.
Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng records that Qu Yuan was a left disciple of Chu Huaiwang. He is "well-read, ambitious, knowledgeable in troubled times and good at rhetoric", and he advocates appointing talents internally and uniting with the State of Qin externally, which has won him great trust.
However, out of jealousy, Shangguan doctor Jin Shang framed Qu Yuan in front of him when he was drafting the constitutional order, and he was "furious and furious with Qu Ping".
Qu Yuan lived in Du Ying and wrote Nine Chapters of Random Thoughts and Birds from the South Gather in the North of China. He is an expelled bird, but even if he is angry and sad again, "Huma follows the north wind across the south branch of the bird's nest", he still can't forget his old country and capital.
After Chu Huaiwang's death, Wang Xiang succeeded to the throne, but Qu Yuan was once again slandered and framed by some ministers. This time, he went to Jiangnan, Dongting Lake, Shui Yuan and Xiangshui.
It can be said that most of Qu Yuan's poems are related to his wandering life. During his long exile, Qu Yuan accumulated deep sadness and missed his motherland.
In Li Sao, Qu Yuan accuses the traitor of slandering, laments the disharmony between the monarch and the minister, laments the sufferings of the people, and laments his own injustice, but more often, he expresses loyalty.
Qu Yuan said, "Although my body has not changed, how can I be punished?" Even if I am shattered, I will not change. Will I be overwhelmed by being warned?
He said that "innocence is honesty to death and honesty to the sages", and dying in order to maintain the integrity of innocence was highly respected by ancient sages.
The Warring States period is an era of great change. In order to adapt to the social transformation, there are always some people who will choose an easier road and give up their persistence. For example, legalists and strategists were able to develop in full swing during the Warring States period, largely because they were more aware of what they wanted, and they were less persistent and easier to compromise.
They are more successful, but we still think Qu Yuan is greater. Because persistence is too precious, it is difficult to do it, but some people are willing to practice it all their lives.
In our daily life, we will encounter countless choices, from a habit of persistence, a cultivation of interest, to persistent love and persistent personality. At that time, I hoped that our choice would live up to our original intention.
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Loneliness, the enrichment of the soul.
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It is wise to stick to the rules, but correct your mistakes according to the rules.
Chanting rope ink chasing songs, competing with Zhou Rong.
I am so depressed and poor at this time.
I'd rather die in exile, but I can't bear it.
Raptors are not crowded because of their previous lives.
How can I be happy and how can I make my husband live a stable life?
Ordinary people are good at opportunism. They turn their backs on the rules, change their policies, and go against the standards of right and wrong to pursue those bad things. They regard sexual pleasure as their survival rule.
I am sad and depressed, but I would rather die at once and be separated from my soul than please others. How can eagles and sparrows be in a group, how can squares and circles cooperate with each other, and how can people with different aspirations live in peace?
In Li Sao, Qu Yuan described himself as a bird of prey, noble and noble, not fashionable, and unwilling to imitate others to do kitsch and tricks.
The poet sang over and over again, "I am alone in the turbid water in the world, and everyone is drunk and I am alone." Poets know that they are sober, but in the eyes of all people, a few people are mostly regarded as crazy.
Among the courtiers who flattered the king, Qu Yuan was identified as a minority who dared to criticize the king bluntly. His loneliness is inevitable.
As a patriot, Qu Yuan needs this loneliness to express his sincerity. As a poet, Qu Yuan still needs this loneliness to keep his head clear for a long time.
Loneliness is also an unavoidable proposition in our life. Especially in this era of more convenient communication.
Qu Yuan is lonely, but his loneliness is not lonely, so full.
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Life is perfect because of defects.
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Liu Xiang told a story about Qu Yuan in Chu Ci Bu Ju.
After Qu Yuan was exiled, he was upset and went to ask Taibu for divination. what should he do ？ Are you willing to be as arrogant as a swift horse, or go with the flow like a duck and drag out an ignoble existence?
Taibu put down the yarrow and tortoise shell used for divination, saying that the ruler is longer than the inch, but it also has shortcomings. The inch is shorter than the ruler, but it also has advantages. Everything in the world is imperfect, and human wisdom is sometimes unclear!
As the saying goes, "when the moon is full, it will lose money, and when the water is full, it will overflow." There are always regrets in life, but regrets are not necessarily imperfect.
Writer Lin Qingxuan answered a young friend's question in an interview before his death. "If you were asked to give young people growth advice, what would you say to them?"
Lin Qingxuan replied, "What I want to say most is that you should choose the important things in your life. There are always many regrets in life, but it is with these regrets that life is more perfect. "
"The earth hug the moon in her arms, so convenient, so satisfied. No rain or shine, no tide, no distance, no journey, no repulsion, no gravity. What is that? Obviously, that's death. (Shi Tiesheng) "
How can people know the value of health when diseases no longer exist? When ugliness no longer exists, how will goodness be revealed; When pain no longer exists, how can happiness become happiness?
Shi Tiesheng was paralyzed at the age of 2/kloc-0. He tried hard to find the meaning of life in grief and wrote "I and Ditan".
When Li Yu felt humiliated and extremely depressed because of the ruin of his country, he wrote such amazing works as Langtaosha and Yu Meiren.
Qu Yuan was slandered by corrupt officials, alienated from the king and had nowhere to display his talents. He has been wandering all his life and is full of melancholy, so he has chapters such as Li Sao and Nine Songs to express his anger.
We are just ordinary people, we don't know which day we will be caught off guard by fate, and we don't know which choice will cause lifelong regret.
So what would you do? Do you complain about this, or do you choose to face it bravely and regard your shortcomings as the only way to enrich your life?
The lyrics of "Nine Songs" are full of emotion, and its sentence "Don't be sad, be sad, be separated, be happy, be happy, get to know each other" is even known as "the ancestor of ancient love stories".
In "Nine Chapters", there are feelings of depression and anger, full venting of their grief and anger, lamenting the imminent demise of Chu, sadness that they are not understood by the world, and determination not to change their original intentions.
Tian Wen is an exposition of the origin, change and development of all things. From the formation of heaven and earth to the rise and fall of human beings, it embodies the endless exploration and search for the universe.
The great influence of Chu Ci on the development of China literature covers almost all fields and genres. From the formation of Fu style to the creation of romantic poetic style in the field of poetry, and then to the promotion of prose prose culture tendency, it can be used for reference and inspiration for later strange novels.
Chuci spread overseas, to Japan, Korea, Britain, France, Germany and many other countries, bearing the endless context of the Chinese nation for thousands of years in various languages.
"Writing Chu language, writing Chu sound, gathering Chu land and making Chu famous things" in Chu Ci, together with other Chu cultures, has built an elegant and exotic Jingchu civilization, and also sang the most magnificent and romantic song of Chinese culture-Long song!
Reference: Yuan Xingpei's History of China Literature.